Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 26 December 1948 — Page 26

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DEAR BOSS . . . By Dan Kidney Hoosier Fights Reds on Science

Dr. Muller, IU Professor,

81 Cireulstions

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Dutch Tragedy PpUurcH defiance of the United Nations in resuming the Indonesian war is tragic and dangerous. Tragic because The Netherlands is one of the oldest and noblest of democracies, one of the truest friends of the United Na‘tions and of world peace. Dangerous because this dispute may speed communism in Asia, shatter the western furo-

hope of an effective United Nations. : We repeat our utmost sympathy for the Dutch government under the long provocations it has endured in Indopesia—the continuing chaos and disintegration, the unwillingness or inability of the Indonesian republicar government to enforce the truce strictly or to make firm ... commitments in settlement negotiations. But neither these nor any other provocations can justify the methods to which the Dutch have now turned to correct those evils. ! “na al. . INSTEAD of submitting its complaints to the United Nations Commission on the spot or to the Security Council, . the Dutch government ignored the Commission, rejected ‘the republic's overtures, issued an ultimatum with an i Impossible time limit and then suddenly broke the truce with a military offensive. The Dutch government, as charged by the United Nations Commission, thereby violated the Renville agreement and also the Security Council order of 1947, : ; In taking this action the Dutch government asserted it would permit no outside interference. When called before ~~ ¢}ig“Security “Council; ‘onthe -American-Colombian-Syrian resolution for a cease-fire and return-to-positions order, Dutch delegate denied the Council's jurisdiction. ; Under the circumstances the ‘Washington government had no choice other than to cut off Marshall Plan aid to the Ditch Indonesian government—though not to The Netherlands—and to defend United Nations authority in

the Security Council. ;

. =.» ; ’ a APART from its duty to uphold the United Nations, | our country by its aid in liberating Indonesia from Japan "and The Netherlands from Hitler has earned a friendly interest in a peaceful settlement, Our government—as well as‘ Australia, Britain, China and the Philippines—has a direct security interest in preventing the fall of southeast ~~ Asia to the Communists. But the Dutch are now pi the republican goyernment which recently wiped out Moscow-run Red revolution against it. "If this unnecessary war continues, the raw materials of the islands needed for world economic recovery will be

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Lo Far more important than other consequences is the | split within the democratic nations. That is what Stalin has been | y for, Russia cannot destroy the United Nations and Russia cannot win an aggressor’s war so long as the democracies stand together. But what Stalin can do to Europe and Asia if free nations separate and try to

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emblem the terrible cost of isolating themselves from the U

U.S. Alibis Won't Save China ia EVERY week or so the State Department or some other | 4“ Jdministration agency inspires a story about huge military help we have sent to China. The total is usually put at $2 billion or more for the period since VJ-Day. : The figure is grossly misleading in giving the public the impression that we have The fact is the opposite. Our government has re“ott ‘him, and ia still doing so:

"To arrive at that $2 billion. total they use what the that after the war F abroad, supplies which were not worth hauling back to this country. We also left behind on. Pacific islands other deteriorating dumps, parts of which we eventually sold to ©. . Virtually none of this was of value to us. Some of it was of value to China but ntuch of it-was junk. Other mate

liao ill.

TL RN Snr x © FOR 18 months under the Marshall policy we ~ all military aid. This was at the time Russia was outfitting the Chinese Red armies by the simple process of leaving the captured Japanese military stores for them to pick up

but in so doing we broke our specific pledge to him to arm 10 divisions and eight air groups. The record of the Truman administration in China is bad enough without being hypocritical about it. Those high Washington officials who are now belatedly discovering that

American security interests cannot escape their share of responsibility. {oo i ; That deceptive $2 billion figure, now being peddled as an alibi for welshing on our faithful ally, will look pretty small by the time the American taxpayer gets through putting up enough defense in Japan and the Pacific islands to’ offset needless Red victories in China. If, indeed, they pan be offset simply by bigger military appropriations. Instead of wasting time trying to polish up the tars nished record, Washington officials had better be thinking about where we go from here. The United States still has wo China, policy. :

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Our Red Faces A MOSCOW magujne, mouthpiece of the Russian Communist Party, says it's a lie that Russians stole scientific secrets from the United States. Now’ why didn’t someone think to ask Russia if she stole any of our secrets? - In fact, says ‘magazine, Soviet scientists were reongible for much of‘ the world’s knowledge of atomic it be embarrassing if it developed that atom bomb from Russia? Maybe that ous desire on the part of some to give

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ited

done a lot for Chiang Kal-

“us sally, What happened. was ini Chifi, aq elsewhere-

sial needed by China was either withheld or demilitarized.

in Manchuria. Not only did we leave Chiang in the lurch,

the Red conquest of Manchuria and North China hits |

Attacks Russian Policy

WASHINGTON, Dec, 25« Dear Boss<-About’ the hottest fighter in our cold war with Russia has turned out to be a mild-mannered zoology professor from Indiana University—Dr. Herman J, Muller, who won the Nobel prize for his work in genetics in 1046, The Soviet Academy of Sciences denounced him last week. He had been a corresponding member but resigned because he saw that the Soviets were making the scientists stooges for the Communist Party line. Dr. Muller violently protested this making research into a political _puppet show where all men are made to dance at the end of the Marxian psuedo-scientific strings, , ’ Dr. Muller's denunciations have strick home is indicated by the retaliatory verbal barrage which has been shot through the iron curtain, He is well known in Moscow, as he was senior, geneticist at the Institute of Genetics of the Academy of Sciences in the Boviet Union from September, 1033, to March, 1937, In-addition, Dr. Muller brought some of their leading geneticists over to work with him here | while he was teaching in Texas in 1931-32. Two recent issues of the Saturday Review of Literature have carried Dr. Muller's strongly worded criticisms of Soviet science. In each he-makes the point that as of today the Boviet Union only allows one kind of sclence--political science, dictated in all fields by the Communist Party line. ‘

‘Cushing of Genetics’ ° HIS particular quarrel is with the required | acceptance of T. D. Lysenko's findings that acquired characteristics are inheritable and rejection of the Mendelian theory of genes which traces heredity without change, unless the change Is brought about by mutations, viz., unexplained changes in the genes themselves. Writing in the current bulletin of the atomic scientists, Dr. Miller again charges into the fray. His article is entitled “The Crushing of “Genetics in the USSR.” What the battle is ail | about is explained inh a companion piece by Dr, L. C. Dunn, professor of zoology at Columbia University, “It is not surprising that in Russia, where the alm is a quick change to the Socialist Utopia, “the “Inheritance of acquired characteristics has been a prime scientific problem claiming a priority interest of politicians,” Dr. Dunn points out, iss : He then draws the parallel with Nazi ‘con trolléd sclence where the racial superiority theory was drawn in a similar manner as the . of. the Seuviet” MAN, vin “Those who have dealt with the matter at first hand, however, have failed to convince their fellow-biologists, and generally themselves

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as*well, that heredity changes in any way ex- dictability. cept by mutation,” Dr. Dunn concludes. In support r . CH Farmer's 1949 ‘Calculated Brutality’ . precious _ little

BIOLOGISTS within the Soviet Union, however, become convinced Lysenko backers—or _| else—Dr, Muller's latest data shows. "It is quite evident that thes Soviet politiclans, being uneducated in modern natural seience, and having proved themselves unwilling or unable to grasp the exacting technicalities involved in genetic reasoning, have through motives of their own taken a dislike to its conclusions, and have accordingly maneuvered to have it cast into limbo,” Dr. Muller writes in the bulletin, : : “This aim they have accomplished by the use of the same combination of flagrant misrepresentation and calculated brutality which has marked their dealings with their political opponents, “Yet, ironically enough, the great majority of the geneticists who have been purged were thoroughly loyal politically, and many were even ardent crusaders for the Soviet system and leadership, as the writer well knows2 long contact with them.” Dr. Muller goes on to cite these associations and show that scientist after scientist who failed to put the party line above his profes- | sion And the search for objective truth soon : a a again]

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No Chance of Saving Science en SSYTIR. MUSE cantas Anat we no. longer see |. any chance of saving #he core of biological science, and all that goes with it, in that section of the world in our generation, short of an unexpected political overturn,” Dr. Muller concludes, “Nor could it be completely restored in just one generation. “hy “Our present task can only be that of autopsy, in the hope of finding ways of checking the already dangerous spread of the present - Infection to - countries outside the Soviet hemisphere, and of making clear to the people of those countries fhe important lessons for “¢éulture and for civilization "in general which ‘are involved. - : “Let it be understood that we are not dealing ~}: here with a real controversy between scientists, or with a decision as to the rélative merits of | two extant scientific theories. We aré dealing with a frontal attack upon science itself.” "BUCH ® SCTEp Probaviy Wks foreseen by the Augustinian Abbot Gregor Johann Mendel as he proceeded With monklike patience ‘to jot down his findings regarding heredity in the Abbey ‘Garden where he quietly cultivated his

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MERCHANT MARINE . . . By Charles T. Lucey

(U.S. to Aid Shipping

So - WASHINGTON, Det. 25-—Broad:scale restudy of the problem

ment of national defense is scheduled early in the new session.of Congress,’ : oy | It will cover constructibn ang’ operating subsidies paid the shipping industry to enable it to compete with low-cost, low-wage foreign flag lines. In addition, it will look into thé proposed flat guarantee that half of all overseas relief cargoes be carried in U. 8. vessels, also Panama Canal tolls, and foreign discrimination against U. 8. shipping. va , The guarantee on relief cargoes may get the headlines because it has been a subject of recent dispute between Paul Hoffman, Economic Co-Operation Administrator, and the shipping industry supported by the Martime Commission. But any review of subsidies could have, greater long-range importance.

Cheaper Wages Abroad UNDER the 1936 Merchant Marine Act, subsidies are granted U. 8. ship lines to offset the disadvantage faced because of cheaper wages and lower costs abroad. A recent study of monthly wage rates of ablebodied seamen shows why such gov. ernment help is deemed necessary. ' The U. 8. pays its seamen a basic wage of $222 monthly but Greece pays $112; Denmark, $105; Great Britain, $96; Sweden, $87; Brazil, $86; Norway, $75; the Netherlands, §74; Argentina, $73; Spain, $44; Italy, $33, and France, $29. 4 The aim of government ald is to give the U. 8. ship line parity to compete with these foreign nations, and in addition to wages this aid is based on differences in costs of subsistence, ship insurance, maintenance and repairs, In return for such aid, the ship lines contract to perform a definite number of voyages on one or more of 32 trade routes. No aid is given the tramp or . bulk-cargo vessels. ied I | The subsidy payments are not meant to assure a profit or to guarantee against a loss—the idea is to let the U. 8. vessel compete on an equal basis with the foreign vessel. If profits go above 10 per cent a recapture provision enables the government to take a share of them' up to the amolint of the subsidy paid.

Meet Foreign Competition TOTAL operating subsidies’ estimated to be paid for 1947 were $9,470,000; for 1948, $25,736,000 and for 1948, $38,307,000. Construction subsidies are paid for the same reason—to enable the U. 8. shipping industry to meet foreign competition. The yardstick used is the différence between what a new vessel 'would cost in overseas shipyards ahd in American yards, Most ‘recently the fi has been about '45 per cent/—meaning actual payment of 55'per cent of a vessel's cost by the purchasing line. ‘To ald in the:postwar shipbuilding goal of bringin ter balance into a fleet now weighted heavily on the side of cargo vessels and tankers, as compared with passenger ship capacity,

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~~ IN SPITE of everything said to -tHe contrary recently, this wobbly old world still moves

“new, useful and entertaining matter” which was founded in - 1792 by Robert B. Thomas.

I am starting the new year is

same mustard-yellow cover with which the first

too, depicting a rococo allegorical treatment of the four seasons fancifully interwoven with vignetted woodcuts portraying the faces of Benjamin Franklin and Mr. Thomas, both of which are somewhat the worse for wear.

across stuff like this. orderly world than anyone suspects.

Divine Scheme of Things °

1 WOULDN'T any more 11 new year without a copy of t Almanac than I would of risking another winter without a spare set of rubber boots. It's

that really count.

Abraham Lincoln used as evidence when he won the famous murder case by proving that

cutor who, apparently, wasn't aware of the - riches contained in the Old Farmer's Almanac. goodness knows how many people may be

achieve her “greatest brilliancy” on St. Steph: “en's Day: (Dec. 26). the cori : of course; that it will be a mighty poor night to commiit a crime.

pagel ] “fitted for Boston, but will answer for all New . proyincjal affair.

prize example of Yankee understatement. The fact of the matter is that the Qld Farmer's

of maintaining a strong American MerCHATE Marine: ge nn eles |:

Te

. . By Anton Scherrer

3 4 RT A a

WN

Some Peace of Mind in Almanac Almanac is designed to be used anywhere if including Indiangpolis. there isn't another booklet alone almanacs— where one will find universal truth brought into such orderly arrangement with the reckoning

the - world,

nnels and with a certain pre-

of which I submit The Old Almanac, that - * pamphlet of

of time.

py with ‘which

. CLVII) con- best time. On that day will be T. ’ comforting is ;

hat the current number has the

people” 40 govern the world.

Witches’ Dirty Work The same cover illustration; work the night of Apr. 22... be at its worst on Sept. 26. .

reassuring is the full page adthe “Arm & Hammer” baki the inside of the back covet, ‘t has occupied for the last 69 one a sense of security to run Moreover, it's prima that we live in a much. more

Feed birds now. .

strano, . . . Penetrating cold ++ « Swallows look foolish. , .. +» » Moon rides low now. .

Oct. 2.

Girls! Whateve —for the lo

“pierced on une, 1 As for the prese

T 4

think of starting : Old Farm

old as I am, are the only things ey conditions.”

the Forecast on Weather

document, for instance,

moon as contended by a prose“snow” and “rain.”

ing to jail next year because spatter off a bald man’s head.

s discovery that Venus will of ‘whieh is,

year.

set me back a pretty penny. ng one to believe that it is a Nothing -of the sort. It's a

VAL

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+

“Dick Turner

: « GOP 1040 BY A SERVOS, S$, 0. M00, 8. &. PAT. OFF. For goodness sakes, watch what you say, Dinwiddie! All Russians aren't Communisfs—some were the czar's cousins!”

Congress for the last two fiscal years appropriated $178 million. Thus subsidips are being provided for two American export line passenger v Is to go into the Mediterranean service, and costing $23. million each. Subsidies also running to about 45 per cent will go to the American President lines for three combination passenger-cargo vessels being built at a cost of $10,500, 000 each. Similarly the subsidy would go to the United States lines for a giant new Jiner expected to be agreed upon’ soon. The ship would coSt'about $67 million. ' i To calculate such subsidy, the Maritime Commission has its own men overseas studying costs in foreign yards, There has been some feeling in the U. 8. shipping industry recently that this country’s European recovery program is giving new benefits to foreign shipyards, and this may be a matter of study in the coming session. Ld F . »

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For example, a close reading of the Old Farmer's Almanac will reveal the hitherto un“known fact (in Indianapolis, anyway) that a “male child is most likely if conceived on March 27, 1949”; a female if conceived in the period of Aug. 20-29. As for quality, Nov. 21 is the

who, when they grow up, will be the “prominent

MOREOVER, witches will do their dirtiest

. . And another miserable day affecting everybody (even those immune to hay fever)-will-be-Mar. 15. + ve The day of most chimney fires, Jan. 22. . . . The coldest period of the year, . + Set hens, Feb: 7. . : . The Ides of March begin on the seventh. , . . Twelve days later, the swallows return to San Capi-

. . Dog Days begin July 19; end Aug. 19. . . . Scallop season begins . + . Hunter's Moon appears Nov. 5. . . .

Start of Indian Summer, Nov. 13. J. . plans you hdve for next year,

rao d Sel 0! rubber boots, 8 and Dec. 1948 an n., Feb, Mar. 1049), the the only instrument left that keeps one Tn touch and Dec. 1048 -aua Jan eh “adil not and tune with the divine scheme of things— pe ag cold on the whole as last year's winter. the behavior of the stars, sun and moon, and

, ill t longer into March and the movement of tides and winds which, when However, it will last long ¥

there will be frequent storms of rain and sleet as well as snow which will create unusually

THE observation is ‘all the more horrible when you learn the Farmer's definitions of Snow means you can see a cat's tracks across a slanting barn roof. for rain, it means any precipitation which will

hair's breadth “traces” of snow or rain as is * the practice of Weather Bureau people. ] Well, that is--what is in store for us next It alarmed me enough to invest In" a |’ third pair of bqots, the cost of which when the old Almanac says it is added to the 25 cents I paid Willle Silverstein,

mind saying, is the loud and lusty news vendor at the southeast corner of Meridian and Washington Sts, who supplied me with the 1949 edition of the Old Farmer's Almanac.

Meg ———————"

nrg 40 [FOOSE

Hoosier Forum “I do not agree with a word that you say, but | will defend to the death your right fo say i."

Keep letters 200 words or less on any subject with which you are familiar. Some letters “used will be edited but content will be pre: served, for here the People Speak in Freedom. ‘Officers Need By A Reader.

Taxpayers are interested only in the amount of taxes they have to pay and not in the waste of government as the result of antiquated serve

ere

More Money’

high quality service from our government agencies but many of them are so under-fi-nanced that it-és a wonder they are operating at all. b y It is sort of a penny-wise-and-pound-foolish policy to keep government budgets in Indianape olis at about the same level they were 20 years ago. Since then the population has increased about 25 per cent and we have to have increased government service to keep pace with the growth, } Still we have trained probation officers in “Juvenile Court, many of whom are college graduates with masters degrees in social work, Pd who are still getting only $2400 a year. As a result many of the best probation officers have left. This means that less capable work= ers will have to take their place if any can be found at that wage. Taxpayers are just kidding themselves into a sense of false complacency when they stand by and let personnel budgets stay far below wages in private industries, It will mean a ~~ general deterioration in “government service and we'll pay for it in more juvenile delinquency and crime later. Also the budget for the Prosecutor's office ($80,000 a year) is far too low for modern operation of that important agency in a city the size of Indianapolis. The office needs expert personnel and better quarters if Indiane apolis is to keep pace with other cities in combatting crime. = \ ® oo ’

‘Don’t Smoke on Busses’ } By Josephine Buck, Westfield, Ind: } Lack of courtesy is a cheap quality evidenced ’ by our smokers in busses. Get a crowd in a small space and see’ how offensive heavy smoke is. I sat near a cigar-smoking fiend recently - —and suffered in silence, hating to create a scene. ~*~ I got home with a headache. : What IT want to know is: Should I call down publicly such an offender, drawing attention to myself, or let a hog exist confplacently? Do vou think “people ‘wmild “get to calling me “meanie” after a few scenes? ' ee %

‘Don’t Kid the Public’ By A Democrat . The banquet held by Democrats the other night to prove that there is no factional feuding in the party was certainly a nifty cover-up for the real truth. It's the same old story. On the surface and in the public eye these party leaders pat each other on the back and then go behind the stage and cut each other's throat. Figuratively, I mean. I happen ta know there is a lot of factional feuding in the Democratic Party since. they. won... . the election here. There always has been differences in any political party. No one should try to kid the public into believing that thoue sands of party workers can agree about every thing all the time. I will say that there is much

less fighting amo Democrats th Republicans. ne wan among

What Others Say— FOR the first time in history, man’s curiosity and ingehuity have led him to sources of physical power by which, unless ethical and ‘social restraints can be discovered, he will blow hime self Ly his institutions into final dust.—Raymon Fosdick, retired president of th feller Foundation. r Wie Rocke. 3 ® <

Soi IE - HE (President Tr ever “doubts about winning, ne | Eien cha any He inspired us all to believe that he would win. =Charles G. Ross, presidential press secretary. eo +

Indeed,

born the babies

« Hayfever will

Jan, 14-25. . ..

starts Mar. 30. Easter, Apr. 17.

PRESENT. profits will destroy the purchase ing power base which is essential to prosperity and full employment. Already we See -con= sumers- unable to buy the total output of full employment . . . and we see the beginning of layoffs. We see the attempt being made to hold prices up while production falls off.—Donald Montgomery, ClO-United Automobile Workers economist, > & +

I BELONG in television anyway, not radio. «++I can go back to being an entertainer now —instead of a second-rate joke-teller and a first-class income-tax-filler-outer..~Edgar Bergen, ventriloquist, announcing his retirement Front radio; = as ; A isa

¢ oo ; THE general opinion in all countries (of

Europe). that I visited is that communism is growing weaker as an open political force. Without the support of the Russian army, come munism is not likely to become stronger.-—Sem. Robert "A. Taft (R. O.).

res sn

JOB HAZARDS ...By Fred W. Perkins ~~ ~~

‘Mining to Be Safer

WASHINGTON, Dec. 25—A new safety record in coal mine ost hazardous. of all major. industries, 1948, says Earl R. Maize, safety division director of Coal Association. : , The number of men killed and injured this year promises to be the lowest since coal mining became a big industry, and the fatality rate based on production should be under all records covering 90 years. ? With figures projected for November and December, this year's fatalities in bituminous mines are expected to number about 850, in comparison to 990 last year and 880 in 1946. This is despite a big annual production of about 600 million tons, clo to the record 630 million tons in 1047. :

Worst Tragedy in Indiana

THE FATALITY rate this year is expected to be 1.45 per Jhuiiion tons of coal mined, as against 1.634 in 1947 and 1.50

These figures are not dry statistics to the men who work in the mines, and their families. Every fractional drop mean fewer dead carried out of mines,’ .

Of the eight major mine disasters this year—those in which five or more men were killed—the worst was in the King’s Station mine near Princeton, Ind. Thirteen men were killed there. There has been nothing approaching the great Centralia (Ill), disaster of March, 1946, when a coal-dust explosion caused the death of 111 men. ‘ . : But in 11 instances this year, Mr. Maize says, there might, and probably would have been, great disasters if precautions had not been taken. These were instances of explosions in mines employing several hundred men. In every case the explosion was “stopped in its tracks,” and confined to a small area. : |

Prevents Explosions { “oa,

“ROCK DUSTING” did it, according to Mr.-Maize. Rock dust is heavier than coal dust, and when it is spread through coal mines it prevents the explosive coal dust from rising. A mine full of coal dust is about as dangerous as if the dust were gun~ powder. ww Ld _ The problem is somewhat different in “gassy” mines, which are dangerous in some sections. In them, for safety, great fans must keep the air moving enough to prevent accumulations éither poisonous or inflammable. : —..— Despite the hazards of coal dust and gas, the No. 1 enemy in coal mines continues to be “bad roof.” Falls of this covering, usually rock, accounted for more than half of this year's fatalities so far. : Boo oid _ The majority of coal mine fatalities are not in the great disasters, but in the deaths of one or a few men in "isolated

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As No fooling with

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foes due to low budgets. We expect certain _ &

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~ SUNDAY,

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IT SEEMS working for s than there are ‘Notice we will be the us of the traditic there "will be - gations that g year without r lofty assumpti “mot really lok Worst - of al will rely to a these pressure their actions, information w Jubbies, too actions will | fear of the po grovps cap tu

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Washingtor Expe To Gi From

Democ Questic By the Was WASHIN which admini Foreign Relat President will ask new | ‘wants to kno “ONE: H ing our polic studied Hoov this and addi field. Military quasi-official, Foreign relatio TWO: Wh long been crit! mittee report ——yenewed demal Lovett has bee tary—and it lo comes next? former Under Acheson, and J THREE: Wh Relief Program chairman, Ser

will demand more Marsh:

oT Plan countri

can help the selves before a ditional Ul. money is a proved. Same mand will made when Se ate is asked ratify agr fnents for mi tary aid to We: ern Europe Union. Conna hopes to see cash reduced. eign policy be in our domes penditures for boom business Another ang returns from | Democratic les not to drop h a4 Mission ate he think there's n keeping Russi with somethin of sending V Stalin.

Russ Flyer INFORMAT! the two young recently fled i + of Austria r ‘terioriation of , system. It nev ~our-standards, ing apart now poor maintena parts and rails As affecting m When Russian ~he's- unable to

30-day leave trying to get to return to pe

- EBERSTAD

charge that r almost got us “has “touched Pentagon. ~__Alr Foree hi say it's Innoc re “Symington: 2K blunder, his of : prove, it—yet viewing Air F Forrestal sa Air Force is | Eberstadt for Formal prot pared, will be next week. 1 exchange of report was bel ton protested ment in beg was pro-Navy - So far, only of Eberstadt leased. Look | mend: Revision of Appointmen for the Ce) Agéncy, now miral Roscoe Inclusion © Congress in n Security Cour

. Expect Fr MOOD of State-of-Unio friendly, not no “must” lis -~ Last year Repuhlica knew he was! he asked for. Congressional This year, h men who—he make good or a BASING P into difficult; Few weeks