Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 30 December 1946 — Page 5

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Cn Reforms Of U. S. Diplomacy Started by Byrnes

‘American Representation Abroad Will Be Greatly Aided by Changes

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

Last of

By WALLACE R. DEVEL Times Special Writer ‘ WASHINGTON, Dec. 30.—The state department has begun a series diplomacy—and diplomats. If and when completed, these reforms will vastly improve America’s

| Of sweeping reforms of U. 8.

| representation abroad.

pensive

functionaries to their staffs to

They will greatly change the whole character of U. S. diplomacy, . and even of U, 8. diplomats.

Some of the most important of the reforms are being held up by lack of funds,

Secretary of

can be carried 38 out without further funds. U. 8. diplomacy today already differs strikingly from that of the prewar era, as a result of these changes. It is continuing to change almost day by day. The state department and foreign service are recruiting a much larger number of men than they had before the war. In 1939, approximately 800 professional diplomats represented the U. 8. in other countries. They were aided by 2000 clerks and 1250 miscellaneous employees, Today, the U. 8. is represented abroad by 58 ambassadors and ministers., Most of these are professional diplomats, plus 980 other professionals, 3800 other American officers and employees, 6200 aliens—a total of more than 11,000. Hope for 16,000 By 1948, the department, hopes to have more than 16,000 representatives and employees abroad, as follows: Professional diplomats, . 1400. Members of a “foreign service re-

Mr. Deuel

a Series

THE. WEAT Pr review of U.S. Wea

! Son |

PARTLY CLOUDY AND

political personnel of U. 8. diplomacy. 4 Assistant Secretaries There iy now a post of undersecretary of state for economic affairs in the state department, besides the older one of undersecretary for political affairs, jo There are four assistant secretaries and three special assistants to the secretary for economic, intelligence, trade and other technical and “functional” affairs. This com-

offices” compared with only five of the older “regional,” political offices. ‘Political’ Work Of total U. 8.“diplomatic representatives abroad, only 18 per cent are engaged in so-called “political” work—that is, Old-fashioned diplomacy, Twenty-two per cent are engaged in economic ‘reporting, 13 per cent in trade promotion and market reporting, 24 per cent are performing consular duties, 12 per cent informational and cultural work and 11 per cent are responsible for administration. These experts in the modern sciences, techniques and other funections of the atomic age are playing more and more important parts in the making and carrying out of U. 8. foreign policy.

serve” which is being planned, 600. Administrative officers and om ployees, 5300. Alien employees, chiefly mainte- | nance personnel and minor clerks, 9000. A year from now, two-fifths of all of the full-time, professional diplomats representing the U. 8. in foreign countries will be new personnel taken in since the war, if the state department's present plans are realized. Most of these newer men will be war veterans, - Wider Distribution The newer men now entering U. 8. diplomacy are more representative of the American people a8 a whole than pre-war U. S. diplomats were. The recruits come from homes more widely distributed throughout the U. 8. than old-style diplomats did. They went to colleges which also re more widely distributed. Fewer of the new men are rich men’s sons from the Eastern seaboard. Fewer are products of exand exclusive eastern 0ols, er, the state department d foreign service are adding a vide variety of expert technical

trengthen the old-fashioned legal-

Saves Payroll,

{{One was seen to stumble as he :|ran, leading to the speculation he

might have been winged.

cial train full of Hoosier Repub-

‘| the oath of office,

Misses Wedding

(Continued From Page One)

about the driving rain and nighttime guard duty. Then he heard a tinkling of glass. Fires Back He investigated and two men opened fire. Pvt. Hill took up the nearest defensive position, which happened to be a garbage can. He unlimbered his shotgun and fired back. Then belatedly but properly remembering his general orders, he started yelling “corporal of the guard.” A military police radio patrol Jeep heard the shouts and the gunfire. They raced up for a look, then made a quick trip for reinforcements and ammunition. By this time Pvt. Hill was needing it. Four more men, apparently deployed as lookouts, joined in the gun battle. The rookie found shots coming in from six directions. But he stuck by his gun and kept firing. The burglars fled into the night.

Senator, Mrs. Capehart To Entertain Senators

Times Washington Bureau WASHINGTON, Dec. 30 — Senator and Mr, Homer E. “apehart will entertain Senator and Mrs. William E. Jenner at a reception at the Carlton hotel following the opening of the 80th congress on Jan. 3. Newly elected Senator Jenner, who succeeds to the seat of Senator Raymond E. Willis, is expected to arrive here accompanied by a spe-

licans who want to see him take

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NATIONAL 24-HOUR FORECAST SUMMARY: Northwest winds will bring much colder weather into the North and Middle Atlantic states tonight, accompanied by snow squalls or snow flurries in some western areas of the Northeabt. Further south, along the eastern seaboard, there will be marked temperature drops through the Carolinas and Georgia as strong winds circulate very cold, Arctic air over the Southeastern and Gulf states. It. will be much colder in Florida, while cold wave warnings have been {issued for Georgia and the Carolinas where temperatures will plummet to sub-freezing levels of between 14 and 28 degrees above zero. Windy conditions are noted for the Great Lakes and the east coast from Cape Hatteras to Eastport, Me. Shipping and aviation can expect offshore snow squalls

ATHER . FOTOCAST i VIA ACME TELEPHOTO

Weather Bureau forecast Period Ending 7:30AM EST 12:31 ‘46

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ho AND FLURRIES Pacific areas, but it will be clear elsewhere in the nation,

Official Weather

UNITED SIATES WEATHER BUREAU (All Data in Centra 8 Standard Time)

in New England coastal waters and Northwest storm warnings have been hoisted for the North and Middle Atlantic state coasts, Snow is expected in the northern Rockies and northernmost parts

of Colorado as pictured on the he » 1046

Tol peapiiaon hrs. end. 1: 3 +m Deir Ente Jax

map. However, no amounts of Sunset ..... aE snow equal to that which fell a ama

month ago are expected. Further-

more, authorities advise that |e in other ities: heavy snowfall in these sectors Ate ih ow will help prevent dust bowl con- |Boston ...° er 28 F] ditions in 1047, Shicago "Rw Snow flurries are expected over |Cleveland . 4 i Michigan, northernmost Wiscon- |DeBYer -..... Lala sin and northeastern Ohio where | Pt. Warne casuve - 3 is shown on the Fotocast, awnapals’ (©ity) ET) 20 Most of Texas, Florida and the |Kanss ‘ioe HB & northern states will have partly |Mismi eis 7 » cloudy skies tonight. It will be |Minnes 1 overcast in portions of Utah, New York ov: 8 3 Colorado and southern Montana. |onanen® 1% 38 ad Partial cloudiness is also noted |Pitisburgh 8: x for the mountains of southern |san Antonio . - 48 i California and some northwest |GAm, Franciscs . .......... no»

Republicans Seek To Avoid Brawl

(Continued From Page One)

or cripple the national labor relations act. Tax Muddle Typical The tax muddle is typical of a situation which will persist until Republican leaders in the house and senate aré firmly settled in their respective offices. Some Republican campaigners promised an across the board 20 per cent personal income tax reduction last Autumn. Rep. Harold Knutson (R. ats — who will be chairman of the house ways and means Sofie —was the principal advocate of 20 per cent cut. On Nov. 14 the house Republican steering committee met here and shortly announced a 1947 legislative program. Can Be Achieved

“The committee was a unit,” the announcement said, “in the view that there can be a 20 per cent reduction across the board in personal incomes taxes. “A report by the Republican members of the appropriations committee makes it clear that this saving fb the taxpayers can be achieved while at the same time the current budget can be balanced and payments begun on the national debt.” Mr. Knutson and some other house leaders said congress would enact a quickie tax reduction bill immediately after congress met— awarding the customers a 20 per cent cut. Certain administrative and other tax matters would be dealt with later in another bill.

Balk at Plan Senate Republicans balked at this hurry-up tax reduction plan. Senator Robert A. Taft (R. 0) and others cautioned that the first job would be to set about balancing

the budget. Once that had been arranged, tax reductions .would be in order, if possible.

From the treasury and the White House came rumbles of protest. The administration does not agree that the budget can be balanced and taxes be cut 20 per cent without sacrificing essential government services. From the army and navy came wails of anguish. National defense takes a large share of our annual governmental expenditures. Therefore, it seemed more than likely that national defense would have to make the greatest contribution to any cut in spending to make tax reduction possible under a balanced budget. Make Some Preparation Congressional Republicans long ago set up committees to study various government policies and problems. They suspected they might win the house and perhaps the senate this year. They made some preparation for their new responsibilities. But “labor, government economy

and tax policies are anybody's guess as of now. On labor the Republicans will attempt to avoid the gnistake they made on taxes when the house group indorsed one program and the senate group shied away from

it. . (Continued From Page One) Determine Leadership

But there is no satisfactory way Road 37 three miles south of Engfor Republican leaders of the two/lish and plunged into the ditch, houses to get together to discugs Ed Hanover, 14, and Myrtle, whose such problems until the Republicans acum, were Inured themselves know who the leaders Andrews, are. of the trutk, was unhurt.

During the next four days the TE 60, of Plymouth, leadership will be determined, after |Ind., was killed Sunday morning which the G. O. P. should begin to when the car in which she was make some progress in laying out riding with her husband skidded [= 1947 legislative program, into the lane of oncoming traffic

Kill Geniuses? [r= === He Said It i in Fun

on road 31 two miles south of Lake (Continued From Page One)

ville. no guarantee that civilization will, Dr. Shapley said. “Civilization is endangered by strong physics and weak sociology. “To some of us who write and talk about this subject, it has been

Snow, Colder Forecast Here

bus, driven by George Kissler of Walkerton, was injured and Lloyd Hill, husband of the dead woman, was hurt only slightly. George Lambert, 56, Warsaw, was killed when he whs struck down on Warsaw streets Saturday night, Skids Into Bridge Paul W. Howard of Chicago was killed Sunday morning at the intersection of road 31 with the JacksonScott county line when his car skidded into a bridge, then careened

Couple Mites | Suicide Report

(Continued From Page One)

under a crudely, fashioned tent. It was constructed of corrugated pasteboard.. A pipe leading from an open gay jet was directed under the tent.

» » . ALSO, officers found 12 notes scribbled on blue paper with a red pencil—indicating the progress of the double suicide.

financially despondent to face the new year, In the first note said they had to drink wine to “give us nerve” to die. “Please forgive the wine we had before we started this thing. It was the only way we could have had the nerve to do it. We thought it the best way,” . . " THEY ALSO mentioned attending church services Saturday night before they rigged up the makeshift tent, “P8SS. Please remember—once again—that no one is responsible for my debts other than myself individually,” one of two or three notes mentioning their financial plight said. Mrs, Weir penned a note to her father and mother that said, “Please go by what Billy has said. Don't make an expensive trip down here, Just let us both do what we have expressed by wish , . . to be

cremated,

» » ” “IT IS OUR desire too (if they will be useful) to contribute our bodies to Jefferson-Hillman hospital to whom we owe one of our debts,” a later note said. Mrs. Weir told in one note of waking up and finding her husband dead. But she said she did not lose courage. Police fixed the death of Mr. Weir at about 7 a. m. and said that Mrs. Weir died about four hdfirs later, Her body was warm when found. It was rushed to a hospital, but doctors pronounced her dead.

Gromyko Insists On Use of Veto

(Continued From Page One)

detecting clandestine atomic activities,

The rest of the committee, however, agreed that “aerial surveys

are essential”

Emphasize Illegal Operations The report pointed out that peri-

odic photographing of key areas would operations, construction or altera-tion-of plants, and the bullding of railroads necessary to carry atomic None of the occupants of the ores.

reveal impertant mining

The committee emphasized the importance of detecting illegal operations at the mines, because control and inspection would become progredsiVély more difficult as the fissionable materials were

processed.

Once they are turned into pure

nuclear fuel, the committee said, there is no way to prevent it being | slipped into atomic weapons * ‘with- | in a few days.”

Would Analyze Ores

The couple told of being tool

surprising that urban property vale ues have not fallen. And that the rustication of those who think of the safety of their own persons has not been more pronounced. “Since nobody plans to fight a future war with bean-shooters or duelling pistols, it follows that civilization can no longer be refreshed as at times in the past—through the

across the road and into another vehicle. His wife, Mrs. Mary Howard, was injured slightly. Harry Pulver of Detroit, driver of the second car, escaped injury. Mrs. Flora Strubbe, 65, Lafayette, was struck by an automobile Saturday night in Lafayette and died two hours later at a hospital.

Olin Hardman, 45, Gary printer, was killed when his auto was struck by Pennsylvania railroad train at a Hobart crossing. Edward Bray, 78, Brazil, died last night of injuries received earlier in a pedestrian accident. His death marred Brazil's perfect traffic record for 1946. 8 police warnéd drivers that roads )in Indiana, particularly in

thrill of battle, "Mass destruction alters the pleture. We have the choice—war or civilization, We can't have both, and it would take a long, long time to rise again out of primitive darkness.

“Given time enough and good intentions, the psychologists, the psychiatrists and anthropologists should be able to explain our own

Exact use being made of facilities discovered from the air could be determined only by inspection from | the ground, the committee said. For this reason, United Nations agents must have full authority to roam | the world, not ‘only to visit facto- | ries, but to take seismic measure- | ments to detect blasting and mea- | sure random materials for tell-tale

radio-activity,

Underground structures and

wooded areas also would have to! be toured by United Nations agents, the committee said.

They would analyze ores, weigh

materials going into and coming out of each factory, and specify the ‘design of machinery so it could not be diverted quickly to illegal Opera- | tions.

(Continued From Page One)

would be paid out of the federal trasury.” This was a reference to the federal income tax on corporate profits, He also sald that Mr. Nathan's “assumption that present profits will continue cannot be accepted with confidence.” Changes Faulty Prediction He sald Mr, Nathan had a record of faulty predictions, Mr. Robey said Nathan had predicted that unemployment would reach eight million last spring and that income from wages and salaries would drop this year by $30 million to $35 million,

Mr. Robey challenged Mr. Nathan's method of proving that customer prices have jumped more than wages, He said that by taking Jan. 1045, “the peak month of weekly wage income as his starting point,” Mr, Nathan showed that the wage Index is now 96.5, whereas the consumer price index is 116.8, Report Supported Demands Mr. Robey sald that if Mr. Nathan had taken 1939 as the starting point, however, the wage index would be shown to be 192 and the price index 149. He charged that Mr, Nathan in order to prove his point, “picked the very month which will be best for his argument.” The effect of rising prices on the real income of workers was a major argument in the C. I. O. survey. The report was prepared to support demand for wage ‘Increases. The BLS report did not touch on business profits, which were given much attention in the C, I O. analysis. According to BLS, prices of living essentials rose about 18 per cent during 1946—with a 34 per cent Jump in food prices leading the advance. The report said rising prices had been a factor in labor unrest. It noted that factory workers earned an average of $4545 weekly in July, 1945, compared with $40.58 last February, Wage levels were restored to July, 1045, levels by September of 1946, the report said. But, meanwhile, the prices of living essentials had risen 15 per cent. Demand for Goods BLS said price increases for 1046 were greater than in any year since the first world war and far above the increases of 1943, 1044 and 1045. While consumers’ prices were rising 18 per cent, wholesale prices were climbing an average of 31 per cent. “The general price picture was marked by the continuing heavy potential demand for goods and services and the high level of na-

fabrics. FRIDAY, JANUARY 3,

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cepted,” Robey sald, “40 per eri of the wage increases he proposed

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Charged With Murder

In Girl's Death

CHAMPAIGN, IIL, Dec. 30 (U. P.)—First degree murder charges have been flled against Pfc. Maurice T. Garrett, 21. He has admitted to authorities the rapestrangulation of a pretty, young laundry worker who mhe met in a tavern. Garrett was arrested early yesterday morning in his barracks at Chanute fleld, Ill. He signed a statement in which he told of succumbing to “an overwhelming desire to strangle” 20-year-old Helen Marie Cler after escorting her home,

the miorthern section, were danand would remain so as long the sub-freezing temperatures continue. In other parts of the nation, too, icy roads slowed traffic, and lowering clouds, fog and snow canceled air schedules in Chicago and New York. The state highway commission reported four to five inches of snow on roads in the extreme north part of the state. Spots of packed snow and ice dotted roads north of U. 8. 6, in northern Indiana. “Fairly Clear” Roads in the balance of the state were listed as “fairly clear” with the snow decreasing south of U. 8. 6 to light flurries in the central part of the state. Below-zero temperatures were recorded in Northern Montana, the Dakotas, Nebraska, Northern Kansas, Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin and parts of Michigan.

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