Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 13 December 1946 — Page 7
13, 1946
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FRIDAY, DEC. 13, 1946
Right of Free Thought In Russia Continues Disastrous Decline
Culture in Red Russia Has Dried Up in Vacuum; Few People Really Educated
Eugene Lyons, for six years the Ulinted Press correspondent in Soviet Russia, is an authority on its history and system. The eleventh of a series of articles Mr. Lyons has written exclusively for the Scripps-Howard newspapers is published today.
By EUGENE LYONS
vot OPEN MONDAYS!
Soviet statistics on literacy are heavily watched. Any peasant who ean write his name laboriously and read a simple sentence is counted as literate. All the same it is a fact that millions more ‘Russians today can read and write than in the past. The flaw in the picture is that they are allowed to read only what the dictatorship thinks good for them. Literacy is a doubtful boon when all printed matter is government monopoly and the police are sions have tended to become more tireless in suppressing “undesirable” | conservative, stodgy and plain dull.
writings and g All art, science and education in
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thoughts. It is fair to say & that there are j vastly more half- 3} educated and fg quarter - educated 1 people in Stalin's Russia than in the ;& Russia of the czars, But there are fewer fully educated people. Education in the deeper sense—involving the right and the ability to think for yourself, to know all the facts, to pursue your own vision of truth in science or art—has declined disastrously. It continues to decline. Whether a million peasants able to write their names makes up for one Count Tolstoy allowed to write his thoughts is a problem for philosophers, But they cannot be Soviet- phiJosophers—should they reach the “wrong” conclusion they would end up in the salt mines, Philosophy, history, science, art, theater, in short every type of mental and cultural activity is as totally prescribed and dictated ss politics itself. Eminent Russian historians have languished and died fn prison for giving a version of their country’s past not in line with the official version. Indeed, history is revised periodically. Inconvenient facts are “abolished” and ‘propaganda lies are put in their place. Science Follows Party
Science is no better, It follows the Party line. Thuf the science of genetics has been rejected as “capitalistic.” Einstein's relativity theory is outlawed as contrary to the Marxist doctrines of dialectical materialism. Psychoanalysis and psychologies resting on the teachings of Freud have been suppressed as too “individualistic® for a collectivist society. Only recently there has been an extensive purge of writers, musieiang and other artists. They have been accused of “bourgeois tendeneles,” “aping the West,” and other horrible crimes. Wouldn't Get Off Easily If you were an author, composer or painted in Russia today it would not be enough that you did not in any way attack or cast doubts on the Soviet dictatorship and its methods. You wouldn't get off that easily. The government would expect you | to use your talents to support the, Soviet system and to glorify its| leaders. Failure or slackness in this] respect would make you a candidate for the purge. On the other hand, if you were willing and able to use your talents exclusively for the service of | the state and its dictators, you would be well paid. Workers in the | arts who obey and conform are part of the new ruling class, sharing its privileges and economic advantages,
Eugene Lyons
Decline of Art The result, unavoidably, has been
in Russia. In the early years of the | revolution, new ideas and experimental work had a field day. By this time any creative effort that is
k products, they advertise the official 4 |ldeas and policies of the Kremlin
Russia are in effect dedicated to advertising. But instead of advertising |
rulers. Every wave of purges devastates the ranks of intellectuals and artists no less than the ranks of officlals and administrators. Artistic Limitations - Mental ‘and artistic life in the Soviet Union is hermetically sealed against foreign influences. Foreign books, plays, movies, are allowed to reach Russians only if they do not contradict Soviet ideas. Only a carefully selected few are permitted to read foreign magazines and newspapers. Travel abroad is a privilege only
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8 fearful decline of art and culture |
a few thousand of Russia's 180 mil-| lion people can hope for. Even in these rare cases the government usually holds members of the traveler's family as hostages to guarantee that he will not talk out of turn and will return when ordered. Refusal to retyrm makes a Soviet citizen automatically subject to the death penalty if caught. These limitations on artistic or mental expression, on knowledge, on contact with world culture, have isolated the Russian mind and spirit to an extent that Hitler ‘and | Mussolini never accomplished in their respective countries.
Ice to Increase Danger on Roads
Return of freezing temperatures may make driving more hazardous, state police pointed out today in a Friday the 13th warning to motorists. Lives have been saved by an extension of favorable weather, but more highway tragedies will come with a drop in the mercury, the | warning stated. There was a 17 per cent increase in state-wide trafic fatalities the | first 11 months of 1946, police sta | tistics show, compared to the National Safety council report of al 25 per cent national increase. A total of 883 deaths were re- | corded to Nov. 30. There were 753 | for the same period last year. Rural | deaths increased 20 per cent, while | urban tragedies were up 12 per cent. During November, 178 persons {were killed, 50 dying in rural ae-
|Futense 20,000 Cases of i ‘Beer Buried OAK RIDGE, Tenn. Dec. 13 (U.| | P. ).—Note to treasure - hunters: 20,000 cases of beer lie buried eight feet under the sod in Gamble valley. | U.S. engineers used several dump trucks and a caterpillar tractor to put it there yesterday. It originally ! was navy surplus beer brought from Bayonne, N, J, to ease a shortage at post exchanges here, Military investigation of a deluge | of “beefs” about the taste of the] new brew found it “unfit for human consumption,”
Boys to Eat Chicken Twenty 8-year-old boys will be entertained with a chicken dinner
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not strictly orthodox is looked on | by the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity with suspicion. The theater, music, | at Butler at 5:30 p. m,, Dec. 20. A painting and all other such expres- | gift will be presented to each child.
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