Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 6 December 1946 — Page 16

sie n Pyram or ae.

g Red Ballot Is Choice of One Out of One Making Voting a Meaningless Farce

= Bugems Lyons for six years the United Press correspondent in Moviet Russia, Is an aythority on Its history and system. The fifth or surios of articles Mr Lyons has written exclusively for the Scrippsnewspapers is published today, :

gt By , EUGENE LYONS = The Soviet constitution, handed down from on high 10 years declares that the country is & democracy and enjoys freedom of Anyone who thinks otherwise and dares say so aloud .goes to or into exile, theory and practice. be your part in the political exert on the policies and the|nel of the government?

These are more vital questions in Ri’ i Russia .than in a/

picture? How much influence would

Communist party leaders, in accordance with instructions from their i higher-ups. It is presented to you, capitalist country. along with speeches and sometimes * In America, after|sandwiches, at a mass meeting of : all, government is| the factory or farm employees. . but one of a great| Unless you have a hankering for many forces that| trouble, you raise your hand in shape your life. | enthusiastic approval. In Russia it is Offer Information

only force. BY ts just The elected: legislators, knowing | can offer useful

one employer, one local conditions, shopkeeper, one information in the discussions in publisher, banker the Supreme Soviet, meeting in the

and only legal political organization, the Communist party. It has some 5,000,000: members in a population of 180,000,000. Assuming that there are 100,000,000 adults, the ‘chances of your being in the Conimunist elite is about one in 20. Even if you happen to be one of the 20, however, your influence on public affairs is so slight that it is nonexistent, There is not a shadow of democracy inside the ruling party. Communists are arrested and exiled or shot without public trial for talking or acting out of turn precisely as if they were of the nonparty herd.

There we have a pretty good measure of the gap! If you were an average Russian, what

“Eugene Lyons i the government. 643 Jang en Moscow Kremlin. They can call atgovernment therefore runs the tention to local evils and abuses whole show. | that need correcting. «In theory the country is ruled] But they always vote unanimously by a series of Soviets (which means for every project or law presented. councils) ranging from the local by the leaders. Should a legislator | neighborhood Soviet to the Supreme | vote in the negative—and it does Soviet of the USSR. The executive 'happen—he finds it to be the short~ officials, from Premier Stalin and | est road to a concentration camp. his cabinet of ministers down, sup-| So far as affecting the policies cif posedly derive their authority from | the country is concerned, your vot-| these Soviets. | | ing is therefore an empty farce. As| At frequent intervals you would |a sensible person you don't take it | go through the motions of nomi- serious. You accept it as a polit- | nating and voting for delegates to|ical ritual, like the mass meetings, | your local Soviet and to the Su- the unanimous resolutions and the| preme Soviet. That is the basis for (obligatory parading. | the claim that Russia is a democ-| Besides—and that's the crux of| racy the story—the government itself is! In practice the list of nominees |little more than a puppet. The | od drawn up by the local group of | strings are firmly I held by the one |

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Local party officials are not elected by the members but appointed by the higher authorities. These in turn are appointees of the party organs above them. The party in practice Is thus 4 a A pyramid of pow-

one above it. Power flows from the top. downward. At the apex is the Politburo, a self-perpetuating body of 14 men, with Marshal Stalin at its head. This is the real power in the land. Each of the 14, as well as promi- § nent Communists not in the Polit- |* buro, swings a lot of weight. Some of them may even aggue with Premier Stalin. But the final decision is his. What happens to those who do not abide by it has been demonstrated in the purges, which killed off stubborn Politburo members along with lesser officials. Your role in the Soviet “democ~ racy,” it thus appears, would be exactly nil. Under the make-be-lieve of voting and government. is the reality of dictatorship by one party,

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