Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 3 December 1946 — Page 9

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C. 3; 1946

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Entire Soviet Family Must Toil to Earn Enough to Exist

- Pre-War Survey Ranked Russia's Living Standard 28th Among Leading Nations

Eugene Lyons, for six years the United Press correspondent in Soviet Russia is an authority on its history and system. The second of a series of articles Mr. Lyons has written exclusively for the Scripps- | Howard newspapers is published today.

By EUGENE LYONS Suppose you were a factory worker in Soviet Russia earning 480 bles a month, which ‘is the present national wage average. What ould your standard of living be like? | In figuring the average the So-| : | et government throws ‘in the children would also be working.| nings of top managers and en- | That is the real secret of how fam-| - .m BINEETS, many of (ilies get by despite the shockingly | “whom draw five low wages. The idea of the head to 10 thousand of 4 family supporting it by his own | rubles a month. iabor has been almost forgotten in This means that!the last 20 years. It's not any new the great major- sex equality but a new economic ity of ,workers necessity that obligates Russian subsists on wages women to do the heaviest kinds of far below the men’s work. average, You would be living under a With 480 rubles three-price system: (1) The rayou would there- tioned prices. (2) The so-called free | fore be in.an ex- market, where peasants are allowed |

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Eugene Lyons

ceptionally good to bring their surpluses and in-! bracket. Less skilled workers in! dividual artisans may sell goods our plant might be averaging 250 made in their spare time; prices]

here are 10 to 20 times above the

br 300. The janitor in your tene- | ration ceilings. |

ent would be drawing 100 or 150; he conductor on the street car hat takes you to work would probbly be earning 250. = The office would withhold your ncome tax, social insurance conribution, union dues and other | ees, in your case totaling -around | B0 rubles, sa that your monthly ake-home pay for a 48-hour week

ould be only 400. Russian diet, went from one ruble It a ark: 1s Rey ate! kilogram (22 pounds) to 3.40 ese figures nto dollars AL the rubles; butter from 24 to 60 rubles 1 J oy a kilo; meat from 14 to 34 rubles. SUORY Siem rate a ori prices in the other two categories ” "| were lowered. But that would matic” rate available to foreign scarcely interest you: eggs at 10 esidents it is worth 3%; cents. But | rubles apiece or sugar at 150 rubles

In the black market — which is la pound would still be beyond you. nore accurate indication of real : ; Clearly life would be no picnic

) : | burchasing value—the ruble is worth . : or 5 a at most. | for you. With your wife and chilOn this last basis your monthly | 9r€n working and long experience hcome would be incredibly low] iP stretching every ruble you would

| y bout 16 to 20 dollars. H h Just barely keep alive, ars OW Lhen There was a time, in the 1920s,

bould you be ex acted to keep alive, : specially if Soe a Tamil? The | ¥hen Soviet wages in actual buying ; iis | power were higher than under the

nswer is two-fold. | : In the first place bread and some | SZaTs- But in 1937 they had de-

her staples are rationed at com- | Slined to only 68 per ent of the paratively low prices. Nine-tenths | 1233 ayerage == LS according Ww f the ordinary worker's purchases British-American economists on the e limited to these rationed goods | basis of Moscow's own figures. Dr. e amounts to which you are en- | Colin Clark, an American author-

tled would be barely encugh to on ving Nanaards, has calcu justain life on a level which an} 2 CORSWNBUON _ per

American on relief would reject as Person in Russia in 193¢ was 30 mpossible. In case of illness, free | PET cent lower than in 1813. nedical service would be available] Russia Is 28th to you. You would eat one meal at! Recently a study of living standrour place of work at a reasonable ards in 34 countries before the war rice. was published in Washington by a Low Rent, Little Space group of leading economists. SoYour rent, too, would be fairly viet Russia stood 28th on the list, ow. In the larger eities you would | just above China and India. Since Pe entitled to 4.2 square meters of | the war, of course, conditions have iving space per person—a family | become unavoidably worse. In some if four, in other words, would oc-iregions, such as the Ukraine and hupy one room of about 10 by 15| White Russia, the end of UNRRA scot, These quarters, including heat relief will mean literal starvation Find light but not repairs, would ab-|for many millions. “orb about 14 per cent of your in-| Maybe we had better drop the | ome, idea that you are a Soviet worker. In the second place the chances It is a most unpleasant, even creepy, ire’ that your wife and grown-up! supposition.

(3) The “commer{cial stores”—a kind of black market |

{run by the government itself far {above the free market; here only the upper crust of privilegéd citizens can afford to make purchases. Prices Tripled Last September ration prices were | approximately tripled. Black bread, the main item of the

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By WALTER RUNDLE United Press Staff Correspondent SHANGHAI, Dec. 3 (U. P.).—Just five years after Pearl Harbor China's Nationalist armies today have been, drawn up in battle array. They are deployed for all-out warfare against the Chinese Communists the moment the signal to attack is given. The preparations for war, which many here — both Chinese and American—believe virtually inewit-| able, have been carried out on an axtensive scale. Nationalist troops have bee moved into Manchuria and massed along the outer defenses of the Communist stronghold - of Yenan.; Top-level Nationalist commanders |

Retires After 36 Years With Bell

Bell System, Walter Patterson, 906

Training School : Opened for Sheriffs

{Marion county deputy sheriffs will be held today through Thursday at |e ni the Purdue extension center.

the public safety institute of ‘Purdue | university at the request of Sheriff Albert Magenheimer,

four distinct advantages over prev lous designs:

ONE. The explosion is not de-

. pendent upon collision with a ship. | Tor edo Device "TWO. The target area of the ship | is increased.

THREE, The torpedo can be set | New Weapon Set Off By Magnetic Field

After more thin 36 years with the

Lasley ave, announced his retirement today. Mr. Patterson began as a clerk in the aceounting! department of the former Cen-| t tral Union Telephone Co. in 1910. He continued in

for a greater depth, where it runs| more accurately, and still be effec. | tive against vessels of shallow draft.

FOUR. The damage done to the

The navy today revealed a secret ynder the keel are more destructive wartime” device which - makes {it than those against the side, especiunnecessary for a torpedo actually Ally with heavily armored fighting to strike its target in order to ex- ora accounting work | plode. New Esploging Device Mz. Patterson until 1925, when| The new torpedo warhead con-| A torpedo equipped with the new he was appointed | taining the exploder, which works eXploding device may be launched

secretary of the employees benefit! the principle of the proximity from aircraft traveling at high committee, his present position.

fuse, is called the Mark IX. Its gheeds, from P-T boats and from development was announced jaint- gybmarines. It has been adapted ly by the applied physics laboratoryito both steam and electric driven of the navy and the University of | torpedoes.

Washington at Seattle, The navy said the Mark IX de-

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have conferred on strategy and tac-| tics and the bristling statements of! the militarists are drowning out appeals to the Communists to make peace and join in the disputed national assembly. Communists May Give Signal The signal for war may eome from the Communists. If, as seems fairly certain, the Communists declare that a “national split” exists the fight probably will be on. At the moment the initiative appears to rest with the Communist leader, Chou En-lai, who is back in Yenan, pondering whether further talks are possible on any basis and whether the government ceasefire order and offer of seats in the national assembly finally will be re- | | jected. | The Nationalists are poised to | strike a double blow at the Com-| munists: | FIRST: In Manchuria, ‘where the |cream of Nationalist. military power {is massed for a drive on Harbin. | SECOND: In Shensi, where Nationalist troops have moved ap for a prestige-shattering blow against

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| Preparations for these moves are well advanced. Nationalists Redeployed Excellently informed neutral observers - report that Nationalist troops have been fully redeployed on a line above Kaiyuan, 60 miles north! of Mukden. Reinforcements including the~ American - trained, | American-armed new 1st army under Gen. Sun Li-jen, and the 60th

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army, commanded by Gen. Tseng Tso - sheng, are moving northward above Changchun. i | © The most reliable estimates place |the force facing Harbin at about {60.000 well-trained. troops. Repairs {are being rushed on the Sungari | river railway bridge, 90 miles south {of Harbin. | Despite Communist claims -the !most reliable information indicates that no actual concentrated attack has been launched by the Nationalists. However, the Nationalists are edging in in hopes of striking a quick, crushing blow. Reactionary Nationalists believe that if Yenan can be smashed the blow to Communist prestige would be fatal.

Dubious of Policy |

| Moderate elements in the Kuomintang, however, are dubious of the advisability of this policy, hold-

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{ing that it would end fqrever all hope of a political settlement and commit China to an interminable guerrilla warfare which would wreck China's badly strained economy. However, Gen. Chiang Kai-shek boasted to the pacification conference at Nanking that the Communists could be eliminated mili-

cally,” Gen. Chen Cheng, Chinese

chief of staff, made a similar state- | Ya

ment at Peiping.

| The. “pacification” conference it- § self was concerned generally with XW

instructing military government officers on what to do with areas taken over or to be taken over from the Communists. This was followed by a dinner at Nanking attended by the top Na-| | tionalist military - leaders, given by

rescue party reached the scene last night and found the bodies of four persons.

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and deadly weapon of almost tool- | v a Capen, "Local Soldier Wins The exploding device responds to | Safe Driving Honor 2 the magnetic field of steel ships.| Tech. 5th Gr. Charles AY Mobley, This starts a highly sensitive me- | 1, dianapolis, was one of 80 U. 8

chanism that sets off the destruc-| tive charge in the war head with a Constabulary drivers awarded safe-

degree of control never before at-|tY commendations at Bamberg, Ger tained, the navy said. _— FecEDUY: Se soldi ; Ea e Indianapolis soldier was conFirst Test Successful |gratulated by Gen. Geoffrey Keyes, Several unique devices provide in- commanding general of the 3d army

WASHINGTON, Dec. 3 (U. P).— ypiy is greater because explosions Surance against accidental or pre- and Maj. Gen. Ernest N. Harmon,

mature explosion of the torpedo. commanding general of the U. 8

First test against a large vessel | constabulary, on having driven 25+ 'proved successful when a 13,000- | 000 miles without an accident since {ton tanker was sunk in May, 1045, Jan, 1’ loft the coast‘ of Curacao, Dutch | | West Indies. I . The ship sank dramatically fo Journalism Head minutes after the second hit, with To Address Alumni

Saping holes in its bottom, the navy 2k DeForest O'Dell, head. of the a {Butler university Journalism de|partment, will address local Butler NIMITZ TO VISIT AUSSIES alumni at their dinner meeting toCANBERRA, Australia, Dec, 3 (U, morrow at 6 p. m. in the Canary P.).—Adm. Chester W. Nimitz has Cottage. J. Russell Townsend, Jr. {accepted an invitation to visit Aus-|is president of the alumni association,

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