Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 October 1945 — Page 6

1e Indianapolis Times

’

REFLECTIONS— i

AGE 6 Saturday, Oct. 27, 1945

Editor Business Manager {A SCRIFPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER)

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BIG LABOR ECHOES BIG BUSINESS HE pattern of reform doesn’t change. One group gets too much power, then the public demands legislation to orofect the larger interests of the whole people. And the pattern of resistance is always the same. Those whose powers are being curbed cry out that if the egislation is enacted hell won't be more than a half-mile ff, but their prophecies of doom somehow don’t come true. It is instructive, as well as entertaining, to read the Vashington dispatch, page 3, drawing the parallel beween what big labor spokesmen are shouting today against he Hatch-Ball-Burton bill and what big business spokesnen have said over the years in opposing comparable legis‘ation protecting public interest. When C. I. 0s Phil Murray says the Hatch-Ball-3urton bill ‘would “enslave labor” and “destroy labor mions,” he's talking nonsense, of course, and is not even wriginal He's reacting the same way as the railroad spokesnen in the '80's who declared the interstate commerce sommission law would bankrupt the railroads and destroy ; sommerce. And the same as the spokesmen for the drug ndustry who were so positive that the pure food and drug law would “close every drug store in the Unitéd States.” * The ICC has been operating more than a half-century, vet the railroads are still carrying commerce. The pure ood law has been on the statute books a long time, yet ‘he drug stores are still open. * And labor unions will still be performing their indis- * sensable role in our society long after congress has enacted something along the lines of the Hatch-Ball-Burton bill, the central idea of which is to make labor's responsibilities commensurate with labor's powers.

THE GENOCIDES HE forthcoming trial of the top Nazi war criminals ; is, like the offenses of which they stand accused, un- : precedented in history. It is logical, then, that the legal “talent which prepared the United Nations’ indictment against these infamous 24 should have found need of a new word to define, briefly and with legal precision, the " appalling crimes for which the Nazi leaders are responsible. The word is genocide, and credit for its coinage goes to an American professor, Raphael Lewkin of Duke university. It is formed from the Greek ‘“‘genos,” which means race or tribe, and the Latin “Cidere,” to kill,

Its first appearance is in the third count of the indictment, which states that the defendants “conducted delib- « exate and systematic genocide, viz., the extermination of ¢ racial and national groups, against the civilian populations of certain occupied territories.” : Perhaps genocide may not seem to carry a force appro‘priate to the monstrous crimes which it describes., To American and English ears, homicide, fratricide, regicide and similar Latin derivatives sound calm and impersonal when set beside the strong Anglo-Saxon of murder and slaughter. Murder and slaughter are strong words because of I. association as well as sound. - They are the common, sudden, L instinctive terms for the act of taking life. Homicide is a word that belongs to the police, the lawyers and thé judges. It ‘comes into use after the machinery of arrest, accusation and trial has begun to operate. » » = ¥ § QO it may be that genocide is the right word for the situation, after all. The revolting deeds of the Nazi mass murderers have brought all the leaders except Hitler and Bormann before the bar of justice. The crimes are committed, and the criminals have been apprehended through history’s greatest military operation. The time for righteous vengeance has arrived. By ordinary standards the justice to be meted out is highly unusual. There will be spokesmen for the accused, but there can be no presumption of any innocence, The record of their intentions is too clear; the mute testimony of their millions of victims is too damning. So no one doubts that the United Nations court will find the Nazi war criminals guilty formally, as the world has already found them guilty in actuality. When the trial is over, history may remember them As the genocides—the men guilty of plotting not only the crime of war, which the world so long condoned, but also the mass murder and extermination of a whole race of human beings. ' For crimes such as those no word yet spoken or written would have sufficed. Now mankind must strive to create a world in which the new word genocide need never be used again.

. PRACTICAL EDUCATORS ht A PRINCETON university junior who joined the air p forces was shot down over the Mediterranean and sent i to a prison camp. In his 15 months there he read 184 textbooks and went through the Bible twice. Books were furnished by the Y. M. C. A. Now his alma mater has awarded him a Bachelor of Arts degree on the strength of

his prison reading. We'd say the Princeton faculty, by that action, proved itself to be well educated.

THEY DESERVE 'EM

JHE allies are thinking of letting Jap civilians establish a commercial radio network to compete with the govern-ment-owned Radio Tokyo. . Since we are still in favor of a hard peace, we hope that Gen. MacArthur will require this new network: to “include a lot of singing commercials,

THATS TOMORROW VO army lieutenants have bought a Philippine. island m which to spend future vacations. A British Mosquito r has jumped the Atlantic in five hours and 10 min-

445 miles an hour, . i have a glimpse of tomorrow—a camp half

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. Venezuela By Frank Aston =

WASHINGTON, Oct. 27.—1In Venezuela, where a new revolutionary government is taking charge, they can, among other useless . things, make mantel ornaments that bounce. That's out wherg the rubber trees grow. There the Indians like to mold the latex sap into little decorations resembling houses, trees, animals. The Indians add color so that the novelties look gay. And they won't break if they fall, if that's any help. There is little demand for these contrivances except from our rubber companies which make them into tires or garden hose. But the ornaments amuse the Indians who don't have much to do anyhow. In the interior, monkeys part their hair in the middle. Caracas, the capital where the revolution got the hottest, has traffic laws that bite. Such as: If a driver has an accident he immediately is taken to jail and held until tried, generally six days. If two cars collide, both drivers are fined and the one found responsible pays an extra 50 bolivars (about $18); if they are equally guilty they pay equal sums.

3

Japs and Germans

THE PENALTY for killing a person accidently with'an auto is two years in jail; the driver is locked up while the case 1s investigated and if he is found innocent he is detained in a cell a few days after the verdict as a warning. There are about 4,000,000 Venezuelans, of whom 5 per cent are purebred Spanish, 10 per cent Negroes, 40 per cent Indians and 45 per cent mestizos who are Spanish-Indian, ‘ Most of the Negroes and mulattoes, remnants of the ancient slavery system, are found aleng the coast. Westward, toward the Andes, the people grow bigger and bolder and it is from them that many leaders spring. There are some Chinese, a few Japs and lots of Germans. Before the war, a holiday brofight forth more swastikas than® any other flags except Venezuela’s, Some of the oldest, wealthiest families in Caracas were Germans, maintaining allegiance to the Fatherland. On the plains many children are spindly-legged, big-bellied from drinking stagnant flood water. There is a definite period of rain, another of no rain. Plains people eat eggs and arepa. bread, the latter a small cake of white maize-meal which has an uncooked taste, Indian bread is built to last. It is made of mashed cassava, a cousin to our potato, and baked in” two-foot discs half an inch thick. These dough plates can he lugged for miles without breaking and without tasting’ any better,

Guests Bring Hammocks LUMBER is plentiful but little used. Native houses are made of mud blocks covered with plaster or whitewash. Guest room furniture consists of wall pegs on which to attach hammocks. Overnight guests had better bring their own hammocks. When retiring the native swings in his hammock so that the ropes squeak on their pegs, setting up what the natives deem a lullaby. It is considered nice if you shove the hammock next to you so that your companion may doze off to the peg noises. Since firearms are scarce in the interior, birds and monkeys are tame, Almost everyone has a parrot. The parrots spend most of their day hollering. From the Moriche palm, the native obtains food, hats, baskets, a roof for a hut and a canoe. Interior Indians search airplanes that infrequently land among them. They look for airplane eggs. They don’t believe it, either,

WORLD AFFAIRS—

Joint Action By William Philip Simms

WASHINGTON, Oct. 27~The failure of United States policy in Argentina—and it has been just that—may lead to a new look at our hand with regard to the Americas in general. The Act of Chapultepec says every act susceptible of disturbing the peace of the Americas “affects each and every one of them and justifies the initiation of the procedure of consultation.” Therefore, instead of going it alone against Buenos Alres, we may go in for a little more inter-American teamwork, Since the outset of world war II, Argentina has worked against the interests of her sister republics. Her government has been pro-Axis; has harbored Nazi-Fascist agents; has refused to live up to hentisphere defense pledges made at Havana and elsewhere. Argentina's attitude was deeply resented not only in the United States but throughout the hemisphere. We retaliated. We withdrew our ambassador: refused lend-lease; froze gold; withdrew recognition from the Bolivian junta whose ties were with the ruling clique in Buenos Aires; and so on, But for the most part we acted more or less alone. Coups d'etat succeeded one another in Argentina but, after each, the same old gang reappeared pretty much as before,

Peron Back in Power

THE LATEST coup, ousting Col. Juan D. Peron from control, has ended like the others. Peron has staged a swift comeback-with the help of labor, the army and the police—and apparently is now as firmly In power as ever. The reason for the failure of our Argentine policy Is psychological. It is widely admitted, even in Argentina, that in an honest election Peron and his gang wouldn't have a chance. Neither the masses nor the leading newspapers .are pro-Nazi. Behind Peron is a small organized minority backed by some 30,000 state police and 20 per cent of the army officers. Almost as many officers are said to be opposed to him. The rest of them-—between 60 and 65 per cent-—are on the fence, Such being the situation, every Washington move goes for or against us. Anything smacking of a threat is deeply resented by prideful Argentines—even by those otherwise inclined to oppose Peron. That is particularly the case if the gesture comes from Washington, Nor does this apply solely to the Argentines. Tt is more or less true everywhere south of the Rio Grande. While the Buenos Aires regime is heartily disliked throughout the Americas, somehow the Latins don't like to see the powerful United States “interfere in

the internal affairs” of the smaller republics—even Argentina's.

Could Act Together

THE ACT of Chapultepec would seem to provide a remedy. Instead of acting alone, the United States could utilize the machinery set up last spring in Merico. City, If the Peron-Farrell dictatorship is Fascist, as charged, and constitutes a threat of aggression, the 20 other American republics could: Recall the chiefs of their diplomatic missions; break off diplomatic, consular, postal, telegraphic, telephonic and wireless relations; sever economic,

commercial and financial relations, or make use of armed force. : Pan-American unity isolating a wayward mem of the sisterhood, it is Salis ‘would be far et effective than action by any single member. Instead of riling the Argentingh. it would open their eyes. Most people take up their country as against another country, but they don't relish seeing their nation labeled a pariah among other nations. Preparations for

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“COMMUNISM ABOLISHES ANY PRIVATE PROPERTY” By Alma Bender, Zionsville I am the object of a strange attack in your Oct. 4 Forum. I don’t want to answer it. I shouldn't think you would want to publish an answer, It's too personal, prejudiced, ete, On the other hand, since so many people tell me that this guy that picks on me is a part of your organization, my can prove it if I can only get a scrap of his handwriting! haps you may be willing to convey to him my objections to his letter. Of course, I didn't say he was a fool. My mother didn't bring me up to talk that way! And I didn’t say I detested arguments; I said I wasn’t interested in getting into any. I most emphatically am not. I don't belong to any labor or manufacturers’ group, .any of the controversial religions (I'm a Congregationalist, and that must be pretty inocuous as I've never heard anybody attack us), any race except American (my family came over in the 1770's), and my husband, a farmer, is practically retired. You can see for yourself that I am relatively free from interests which would make me need to be argumentative, But I am terribly concerned about the welfare of this country and of the world. I am worried, if not alarmed, by a good many trends I think I see. By none more than by the number of extreme and unproverbial statements I see in print. My assailant says I don’t believe facts when I see them in the Forum. I think he assumes that a fact is anything very positively or violently asserted. And it doesn’t make any difference to him who asserts it. But it does to me. I will believe William Shirer on Germany and Mary Roberts Rinehart on how to write a mystery novel more quickly than I would either of them on the other's subject. I evidently don't use the same dictionary—or the same language— as the “Voice.” Democracy in my dictionary is any government in which the people rule. And there is a note that they may rule directly and indirectly, and when they rule secondhand it is called a “democratic republic.” Communism in my dictionary is any government where private property is abolished either entirely or partially. Yes—that's the real definition! - But for practical purposes, Communism means the type

lawyer says he].

Per- |’

Carnival —By Dick Turner

Forum su

(Times readers are invited to express their views in these columns, religious controversies excluded. Because of the volume received, letters should be limited to 250 words, Letters must be signed. Opinions set forth here are those of the writers, and publication in no way implies agreement with those opinions by The Times. The Times assumes no responsibility for the return of manu- . scripts and cannot enter cor‘respondence regarding them.)

of government Russia has, and in other countries the “people who | would like to change to'it organize “Communist” parties. My critic may use either dictionary definitions or common usage. I don’t like his making up personal definitions. I read in all the newspapers that it was not the surplus of the common people that oversubscribed the war bonds—individuals’ purchases were far below hopes. And can he prove that Russia with 300-odd million people is really ruled by a smaller group than China with over 400 million? What are his figures on the size of the Kuomintang? The co-operatives were not organized as a scheme to evade taxes. Some of them originally paid taxes on the same basis as comparable private businesses. "Most of them don’t have comparable private businesses, and the problem is complicated. But, oh, wouldn't it be nice to believe, if you could, that three-fourth of all the world envied you?

» - » “WOULD LIKE TO HAVE HIM’ HOME FOR CHRISTMAS” By Mrs. W. L. Williams, Indianapolis Our young sons are surely as close to us as the service husbands are to their wives. Our son has crossed both oceans with the 86th Division, Black Hawks, and will be just 20 years old this month. We believe he deserves to live a small part of his young life out of the army. Incidentally, we would like very much to -have him home for Christmas, too. By the way, why not take into the army now some of the sons of businessmen who became so essen-

tial to their fathers during the war?

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“I' wholly disagree with what you say, but will defend to the

your right to say it.” “MR. WATCHMAN HAS THE CART BEFORE THE HORSE” By Teddy, Hope . This free enterprise The Watchman speaks of as being so valuable, this democracy he su highly praises as being so necessary to all free people; let us examine some of its merits. For instance, Jook up Teapot Dome oil swindle and what time

and money it cost the American people to get it partly cleaned up, then go back under Taft's administration and read the BallingerPinchot investigation and how the so-called free enterprise patriots tried to cover it up, read the investigations of the coal operators in the | Corbin, Ky., district and how such {men as Theo. Dreiser, the author, and others interested in good government were loaded in automobiles and hauled out of the country and ordered to stay out by the operators’ “henchmen.” Read how the operators hired ex-crimjnals and thugs to enforce their rule; go into these mining districts and see how the miners live and by no choice of their own, and you will see things your eyes will scarcely believe, Find out for yourself how the powerful congressional committees in secret session have almost autocratic powers in deciding what laws shall or shall not be passed, and it {s in these committees that the great financial interests of free enterprise find their securest entrenchments. We gag at the thought of a labor leader or farm organization head knocking down a salary of £25,000, but heads of big business would consider this amount as chicken feed for themselves. These ex-U. 8. senators, former ambassadors and cabinet officers, employed as corporation lawyers, would not stoop so low as to think in terms so small unless the other fellow was getting it. Don’t forget the Anaconda graft during the war and the excessive profits shown by the senate investigation committee of the shipbuilding interests of from 30 to 1200 per cent, this so-called free enterprise that was so ready to help Uncle Sam immediately after Pearl Harbor and these are just a few of hundreds, of instances that John Q. Public has been robbed by this grandiose thing called free enterprise. Did free enterprise make these vast structures known as U, 8. Steel, Anaconda Copper, Alcoa, Bell Telephone, N, Y. Central and hundreds of others or did labor make them and less altruistic ones take them, don't forget “Insull.” Congress organizes a bureau to handle some ‘needed phase of American life, as for instance, synthetic rubber affer Japan grabbed all the vital rubber producing countries and behold, it was discovered that the various bureaus that had to do with the building up of these plants for the production of synthetic rubber were virtually controlled by appointees from the various rubber companies whose interests might be injured by the production of synthetic rubber.

RECONVERSION—

d a Lot of Convincing

Detroit Alive By Thomas L. Stokes

DETROIT, Oct. 27.—To spend a few days in this city is to have the sensation of living with the future. Here the machine “is, king—in particular, the automobile, gloris 4 filed evolution of that ancient device, the wheel. Men and women live with it and for it, almost bow down to it, 3 The automobile went to war for more than four years. Now it is returning to peace. Except it is not precisely peace, but confusion and conflict. It is axiomatic that the automobile changed the whole tempo and texture of American living, or, as the banquet orators have said so often, “ushered in a new era,” The process of adaption is -still going on. Among other things, it has intensified the strains and stresses of mass production, of which it is the ultimate. About the automobile has developed one

| of the world’s greatest industries. About it has de-

veloped also the country’s largest single labor union, a volatile, “volcanic organization, led by alert men with a modern social philosophy.

Pemands Greater Voice ‘RESTLESS, continually seeking more for its mem‘bers, this union sets the pattern of industrial relations for the future. It is constantly demanding a greater voice in affairs of this .dominant industry. It is constantly demanding a greater voice in public affairs. It is active in politics, in this city, in this state, and in the nation. Out of the confusions of the hour; the threats of a major strike or series of strikes, rise predominant noises. There is the sharp, insistent voice of Walter P, Reuther, shrewd vice president of C. I. O.s United Automobile Workers, demanding that economics become a part of wage bargaining, that profits and prices also be considered, that great corporations lay on the table the facts about their business. This is a new idea on the scale in which he is seeking to apply it. This is a voice of the future. Thunders of silence come from the giant General Motors Corp. to this challenge. It hesitates to deal on such a basis. It says, in effect, that those things are none of the union’s business.

Watch Willow Run °

IN A few days there will be more noises of the future in this community. They will be loudest out at the Willow Run plant where the Ford Co. made bombers. But they will also echo in the offices of big motor companies in the city. Next week, on Nov. 1, a new automobile enter prise, sponsored by two men famed for their promoting talents, Henry J. Kaiser, the shipbuilder and Joseph W. Frazer, of Graham-Paige Motor Co., will take over the giant plant by five-year lease from the government. The noises will rise as it is converted to manufacture of automobiles and farm implements, Not only does this introduce a new competitor in the business, but it may set the pattern for utilization of other huge war plants. Their use for peacetime production to provide jobs is in line with a “philosophy popular in Washington. Here in Detroit, after futile attempts in recent years, the C. I. O. is trying again to elect a mayor, to get political control in one of America’s key cities, because of labor's stake here, Adroit Richard T. Frankensteen, U, A. W.-C. 1, O. vice president, who seems stymied by other rivals in the intense factional warfare within the Auto Workers’ Union, is seeking a political career outside as a candidate for mayor, «Business and industrial interests are lining up solidly behind Mayor Edward J. Jeffries Jr., who has been in office for six years. They want to keep the city away from labor, though they are none too enthusiastic about their candidate. Detroit is full of interesting conflicts,

IN WASHINGTON—

Traffic Problems By Douglas Larsen

WASHINGTON, Oct. 27.—President Truman is becoming increasingly concerned over the problems of traffic safety. During the first 15 days after gas rationing went off, the traffic toll jumped 27 per cent over the same period last year. After the President heard this he called on the national safety council to intensify its studies of auto accidents. He was impressed with the job the council had done on industrial safety during the war. : Since then, friends who have driven from Missouri and other parts of the country to see him have remarked that driving seems to be more hazardous than before the war, Another circumstance that set the President to thinking seriously about this problem was a report that there were more than three times as many traffic casualties in the U. 8 during the war than there were battle casualties on all fronts. To speed up a national program aimed at nipping the growing traffic toll in the bud, as desired by the President, the national committee for trafic safety has been organized. It is composed of experts from the National Safety council, Automotive Safety foundation, AAA and other interested organizations.

Seek Uniform Laws

ONE OF the first aims of the committee is to try to get uniform traffic laws established through-~ out the nation. In one state the driver must stick his hand up to signify one kind of a turn and straight out to signal something else. In another state an arm straight out is the only signal used. Other differences concern speed, left-hand turns, ete. Second most important item on the agenda of the committee is the recommendation of a highwaybuilding program. The safest highways are four lanes wide, divided in the middle. Cross roads are eliminated by underpasses, with clover leaf turns. It is hoped that any national program will specify this type of road. But many other problems are worrying traffic experts. Donald 8. Berry, official of the National Safety Council, points out that thousands of youngsters who normally would have already learned to drive, haven't been able to get behind a wheel because of gas and tire restrictions. As soon as cars are available, about four times As many new, inexperienced drivers will hit the road than there would be normally. On top of that, he points out, the average driver has gotten rusty. He either hasn't driven at all during the war, or very little and at slow speeds. It takes a lot of practice ‘and the conditioning of reflexes as much

as for any other skill to be a good driver, Berry

ys.

Worn Cars Cause Accidents BEFORE NEW cars hit the market, the old ones ‘will get double duty as a result of the lifting of gas rationing. Traffic experts fear that faulty tires, and other worn-out parts will ket the accident toll. Estimate for 1945 is that the death toll will 50,000. Highest

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