Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 18 October 1945 — Page 3

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“THURSDAY, OCT. 18, 1045 ___

4 Allies Indict 24 Top Nazis for War Crimes

(Continued From Page One) 1809. : - ; Disregard of international agree.ments on the conduct of warfare and with murder. Ne Enslavement, , Plunder of .private and public property. : Wanton destruction of cities and ‘towns and devastation not justified ‘by military necessity. " The document included seven “German organizations in charges of *eommitting the principal war ‘erimes of the European war, These ‘included ‘the German cabinet, the - leadership corps of the Nazi party, “the gestapo,” the 8. 8. elite corps, «the 8. A. brownshirts, and the gen‘eral staff and high command of the *German armed forces. All 24 individual defendants beJonged to one or more of the orI ganizations named. Prosecutors gave notice that they “intend to ask the court that all seven organizations be declared “criminal organizations.” Any member of the organizations then may “apply to the tribunal to be heard “upon the question of the criminal character of such groups, a statement said. . * The indictment was divided into four counts. Twelve of the criminals, including Herman Wilhelm Goering, Rudolph Hess and Joachim von Ribbentrop, were accused on each count. The four counts are:

- 1. CONSPIRACY —Formulation or execution of a comimon plan or conspiracy to commit crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity. 2. CRIMES AGAINST PEACE— Planning, preparing, initiating and waging wars of aggression in violation of international treaties, agreements and assurances.

3. WAR CRIMES—The practice of “total war” which included methods and practices in direct conflict with the laws and customs of war.

4. CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY—The murder and persétution of all who were or were suspected of being hostile to the Nazi party and to the Nazi party's grand conspiracy to rule the world. This included a plan to exterminate the Jews, the Poles and the Gypsies, Establish Precedent The indictment and the trials to follow are more than an attempt to punish these particular 24 men.

The four powers seek to indict the Nazi master plan of world conquest and establish as a precedent in international law that the men who ; start wars must die for their crimes, as well as the common soldiers who —have to fight the battles. Conviction of the 24 leaders and a decision. that the indicted Nazi organizations are criminal in nature would doom thousands of Nazi small fry. The 24 defendants, all but one of whom now are being held near Nuernberg, were charged with individual responsibility for the crimes of Nazism, They were listed individually, identified in the Nazi heirarchy and charged specifically with the three major counts of the indictment— “crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity” and of a common conspiracy to commit those erimes. Not yet allied in custody but believed alive and still at large was Martin Bormann, successor to Hess as Hitler's deputy, who was indicted along with the others so that there

will be no chance that he might

escape allied justice. Signed by Jackson The Indictment was signed by

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Many of the details of Nazi ter-

|rorism have been known for a

longs time. The indictment is the first official attempt to set down the entire sordid story of the Nazi bid to rule the world. Each of the defendants is charged with responsibility for plotting and helping execute seven wars of aggression which are now known as world war II. They face almost

certain execution.

Adolf Hitler, who is believed dead but whose body has not been found, and two other top Nazis—Josef Paul Goebbels and Heinrich Himmler, who committed suicide—are missing from the list, The first three listed were:

GOERING, luftwaffe commander and successor designate to Hitler. RIBBENTROP, head of the German foreign. office. HESS, Hitler's deputy who made the ill-fated flight to England to seek a “phoney” peace and who now acts as if he were insane and who undoubtedly will attempt to save his life on those grounds. Bormann was listed as Hess’ successor,

Also named were:

Ernst Kaltenbrunner, notorious Austrian terrorist.

Alfred Rosenberg, Nazi editor and anti-semite. Hans Frank, the bloody governorgeneral of Poland. Wilhelm Prick, Nazi minister of Interior, Robert Ley, labor leader, Fritz Sauckel, head of the slave labor organization. Albert Speer, head of the Todt organization. Walter Punk, Hitler's minister of economics. Hjalmar Schacht, financial wiz-

bank. Franz von Papen, wiliest of the German diplomats. Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, head of the vast Krupp armament industries. Constantin von Neurath, “protector” for Bohemia and Moravia. Baldur von Shirach, youth leader and gauleitter for Vienna. Arthur Seyss-Inquart, chancellor of Austria and later Ndzi dictator of Holland. Julius Streicher, Jew baiter. Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, chief of the German high command. Col. Gen. Alfred Jodl, member of the German general staff, Grand Adm. Erich Raeder of the German navy, Grand Adm. Karl Doenitz, bloodthirsty submarine corps commander and the man who negotiated peace as successor to Hitler. Hans Pritzsche, head of the D. N.B. agency and propaganda chief, Face Sweeping Charges . The scope of the criminal activities of these men is only indicated in the indictment. For example, it lists only “samples” of the number of murders known to have been committed at speeified places. > But those total 9.381986—for which each of the criminals must atone—and do not include numerous references in the indictment to the “hundreds” “thousands,” and “tens of thousands,” of other murdered. These are in addition to millions of battle casualties, The main fact that stands out throughout the indictment is that the Jews and Russia bore the brunt of Nazi savagery and terrorism. Of the 9,381,986 specific cases of murder, nearly 9,000,000 occurred in Russian territory. Hitler planned to “erase from the

the notorious

Robert Jackson, supreme court justice and U. 8. prosecutor on the war crimes commission, and by the representatives of Great Britain, France and the Soviet Uniofi. .The defendants are expected to

be given approximately a month to|

prepare their cases before they go on trial before the fotir-power tribunal whose American member is Prancis Biddle, general.

STRAUSS SAYS:

former attorney-

{face of the earth” Russia's second |city—Leningrad. He was not in{terested “in preserving even a part (of the population of this large city.” {Similar plans were indicated for other Russian cities. { The Nazis also tried to “erase” {the Jewish. race in Europe. De|fendant Robert Ley, Nazi labor {leader, was quoted as having said: “The second German secret {weapon is anti-semitism, because if

ard and president of the reichs-|

it is consistently pursued by Germany, it will become a universal problem -which all nations will be forced to consider.” “His equally anti-semitic colleague Julius Streicher contended: “The sun will not shine on the nations of the earth until the last Jew is dead.” Listed as criminal organizations to which many of the defendants belonged was the reich cabinet; Hitler's council of ministers; the leadership corps of the Naz party, an elite group of top Nazis; the 8.8., secret police; ~gestapo; S.A, military organization of the Nazi party, and the German general staff and high command. Each of the defendants was a member of the Naz party, the indictment said, and it was the “central core of the common plan for conspiracy” for world domination. The ascendancy of Hitler to the head of the Nazi party in 1921 after the unsuccessful Munich putsch, his rise to German chancellor, the reichstag fire and® the denial of civil liberties to the German people were outlined in the document. After that all parties but the Nazi party were abolished, labor unions were banned, the first concentration camps were established in 1933 to stamp out opposition within Germany. The S. 8S. and

gestapo began their reign of terror.|

The incident told of the Nazi ate fempf to kill Christianity in Germany and their shaping of the Gucation of youth. The Nazis were charged with the murder of Chancellor Dolfuss, who resisted their aggression in Austria, and the killing of Social Democrat and Communist leaders. They were accused of imprisoning numerous political and religious personages, including Pastor Martin Niemoeller. Americans ‘Murdered’ “American prisoners, officers: and men, were murdered in Normandy during the summer of 1944 and in the Ardennes in December, 1944," the indictment said. “American prisoners were starved, beaten and otherwise mistreated in numerous stalags in Germany and in the occupied countries, particularly in 1943, 1944 and 1945.” 2 The indictment referred to such concentration camps as Buchenwald, Belsen, Dachau and Auchwitz and referred to such methods as: “Bad treatment, pseudo-scientific experiments (sterilization of women at Auchwitz and at Ravensbruk, study of the evolution of cancer of the womb at Auschwitz, of typhis at Buchenwald, anatomical research -at Natzweiller, heart injections at Buchenwald, bone grafting and muscular excisions at Ravensbruck, etc., gas chambers, gas wagons and crematory ovens.” “Citizens of the Soviet Union were perhaps the greatest victims of German savagery. More than 135,000 citizens were murdered near Smolensk; 172,000 civilians were shot and tortured in the Leningrad region; more than 50,000 were killed and tortured in the Stalingrad area. The Toll in Russia

The indictment painted a vivid picture of what the Nazis did to Soviet Russia: “On the territory of the Soviet Union, the Nazi conspirators destroyed or severely damaged 1710 cities and more than 70,000 villages and hamlets, more than 6,000,000 buildings and made homeless about 25,000,000 persons , . . “The losses suffered by the coal mining indastry alone in the Stalingrad region amount to 2,000,000,~ 000 rubles ($1,000,000,000). Stealing of huge dimensions and the destruction of industrial, cultural and other property was typified in Kiev, More than 4,000,000 books, magazines and manuscripts and a large number of ‘artistic productions and valuables were stolen and carried away.” The Germans destroyed 1670 Greek Orthodox churches, 237 Ro-

“destroyed the estate and museum of Leo Tolstoy and desecrated the grave of the great writer.” ow The section of the indictment on war crimes against humanity listed Nazi deeds which for years have shocked civilized man, Here are a few excerpts from those sections: “Of 228,000 French political and racial deportees in concentration camps, ‘only 28,000 survived. - “Beginning with June, 1943, the Germans carried out measures to hide the evidence of their crimes, they exhumed and burned corpses, and they crushed the bones with machines and used them for fertilizer, “In the Ganov: camp , . , extermination methods included disembowling, freezing of human beings in tubs of water, mass shootings took place to-the. accompaniment of the music of an orchestra recruited from the persons interned. “In the Stalingrad region more than 50,000 persons were killed and tortured. One hundred and thirty. nine women had their arms painfully bent backward and held by wires. From some their breasts had been cut off and their ears, fingers and toes had been amputated. « “In the Crimea peaceful citizens were gathered on barges, taken out to sea and drowned, over 144000 persons being exterminated in this manner. Even Children Slain “In Dnepropetrovsk, the Nazis shot of threw alive into a great ravine 11,000 women, old men and children, “The Nazi conspirators mereilessly destroyed children. They killed them with their parents in groups and alone. They killed them in children’s homes and hospitals, burying the living in the graves, throwing them into flames, stabbing them with bayonets, poisoning them, conducting experiments upon them, | extracting their blood for the use of the German army. . . . “In April, 1945, of 12,000 internees evacuated from Buchenwald, 4000 only were still alive when the marching column arrived © near Regensburg.” Trace Conspiracy To prove the Nazi conspiracy in count No. 1 of the indictment, the history of the Nazi movement was traced in detail after listing these aims and purposes of the Nazi party: 1. Abrogation and overthrow of the Versailles treaty and its restrictions on military armament and activity of Germany. 2. Reacquire territories lost by Germany in World War I and acquire territories in Europe occupied by fracial Germans.” 3.vAcquisition of still further territories in Europe and elsewhere required by “racial Germans” for Lebensraum, “The aims and purposes of the Nazi conspirators were not fixed or static,” the indictment said, “but evolved and expanded as they acquired progressively greater power and became able to make more effective application of threats of ‘force and threats of aggressive war,”

The Steps Are Taken

The first step in the Nazi conspiracy was to acquire control of Germany—a step they accomplished in 1933 by “legal” forms supported by terrorism which made the party “the master of the streets.” The second step was consolidation of their control. This involved ruthless suppression of all vestiges of human rights, It subordinated the entire nation to the “fuehrer” principle, It destroyed trade unions, discredited the christian church. It included “relentless and cruel” persecution of religious pacifist mgvements. There was constant implementation of the “master race” policy by widespread persecution and murder of Jews, The third step was foreign aggression. Plans for this started with’ secret rearmament between 1933

man Catholic churches, 67 chapels,

and 532 synagogues in Russia, and

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“THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES _

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PAGE

disarmament - conference ‘in 1933. The first move was Austria and then Czechoslovakia-~bloodless conquests. Then came the first aggressive war—against Poland, It was followed by war with Britain and France, war with Norway and Denmark, war with the Netherlands and Belgium and Luxembourg, war with Yugoslavia and Greece, war with Russia, and finally, war with the United States. The indictment named the dates

3

‘sive steps — sometimes months in

SHALL MEDIUM LARGE 0.0.

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of meetings of high Nazis’ Which planned each of Germany's aggres-

advance. The indictment was signed by Jackson for the United States, Francois de Menthon for France, Hartley Shawcross for Great Britain and R.A, Rudenko for Soviet Russia. ; Jackson set the tone for. these trials in his recent report to Presi-

dent Truman when he said:

5

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STRAUSS SAYS:

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r - “I-think that through these trials we should be able to establish that a process of retribution by law awaits'those who in the future similarly attack civilization , , . of this war should eopne unmistakable rules and workable machinery from which any who might contemplate another era of brigandage would know that they would be. held personally responsible and would be personally punished.” >

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