Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 10 October 1945 — Page 7
10, 1945
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7-Mile Parade of Ships to Arrive Monday. A
HONOLULU,- Oct, 10 (U, P).=~Admiral William F. Halsey's 3d fleet, bearing 38,000 crewmen and navy dischargees, was homeward
bound today in a seven-milfe-long|
procession headed by 15 warships, Thousands of islanders gave Halsey a tumultuous sendoff as he steamed past Diamond Head aboard the flagship U. 8. 8. South Dakota. He will lead the fleet's victory pa-
rade into San Francisco bay about)
noon Oct. 15. Other units of the fleet will go to Seattle and San Pedro for Navy Day celebrations. Also en route from the Pacific to the west coast was a big flotilla of the 2nd carrier task force, Return Released Prisoners Due in San Francisco next week was the navy transport Joseph T. Dickman which arrived from Manila yesterday carrying 1419 American, British and Canadian army soldiers and civilians liberated from Japanese prison camps. The group included 555 U, 8S. army men and 96 officers, most of whom were with Gen. Jonathan Wainwright on Bataan, The battleships Texas and Arkansas preceded the 3d fleet's main force under a “change of plan.” The Texas is en roufe to San Pedro and the Arkansas will disembark | its dischargees at Seattle, Halsey led the following ships toward the west coast:
WEDNESDAY, OCT. 10, 1045
HALSEY'S FLEET
For San Francisco — Battleships
In Burton's Job
James W, Huffman, above, state director of commerce, is the new senator from Ohio appointed by
Governor Frank J. Lausche to take over the post vacated by Senator Burton's appointment to the supreme court.
and Colorado: cruiser Vicksburg and destroyers DeHaven and Moore. Rear Adm. J. F. Shafroth, whose flag flies from the Alabama, was in charge of the unit, For Seattle — Batfleship Iowa, cruiser Amsterdam and destroyers
(Continued From Page One)
July 1, 1943, to June 30, 1045, it ranged from the start of the European war in September, “1033 to final victory over Sapan in August, 1045, It was highlighted ny these findings: ONE: When President Roosevelt declared a state of limited national emergency -Sept. 8, 1039, we weren't even a third rate military power, TWO: The treacherous Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941,
{found us still far short of adequate
preparedness. THREE: The blackest .days for the allied cause came in the sum‘mer of 1942 when Japan had conquered all of Malasia, occupied Burma and threatened India while
German armies approached thé
Volga and Suez. FOUR: Only the valiant stand of Britain and Russia in the face of almost certain defeat gave us the time needed to mobilize for the ultimate victory. FIVE: Enemy errors and lack of a co-ordinated axis plan of action were of almost equal importance to the allied cause. SIX: Even with those aids it took complete mobilization ‘of the wealthiest democracy in the world to achieve ultimate victory.
BEVEN: Technological develop~
{ments carry the threat that the Taussig, Brush and Swenson, all
next war, if it comes, will strike
under command of Rear Adm. Os-|more swiftly and with fantastic sci-
car C. Badger, The Colorado will|
go to Seattle after disembarking
entific weapons. EIGHT: Eterna] preparedness is
its passengers at. San Francisco. | the best guarantee of our future
For San Pedro, Cal. ~-Battleships | Nevada and West Virginia, and destroyer Collect, under Rear Adm.|
South Dakota, Alabama, Wiseonsin I. C. Sowell,
security, Marshall placed great emphasis on the need for a compulsory uni-
{ versal training program, so that all
basics of military service and be capable of rapid mobilization in the event of a future threat to world peace. He advocated one- year of une broken training for young men chosen through the processes of se« lective service.. They would provide training for officers in handling large forces of men and be a source
tional guard and the reserves, under Marshall's plan, would be composed largely of “graduates” of the universal year's training program, Not Be Standing Army He emphasized that the men tak-
standing army,
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ing the year's training would not compose ‘the regular professional The regular avfhy would be comparatively small. The age of hemispheric security behind the oceans ‘is ended, he cautioned. The atomie bomb, which we possess but others may match is not the only thing we have to fear in the event of another war, Marshall said discovery of atomic power might prove man's greatest benefit or 4t might destroy shim. But, he added, development of aircraft, rockets and electronics hold almost as incredible potentialities. Quoting Gen. H, H, Arnold, commander of the air forces, Marshall predicted that the next five years may see jet planes flying at 700 miles an hour at 50,000 feet altitude
He said single bombs weighing 45,000 pounds—22' tons--exist now, Fiftyton bombs have been blueprinted.
Sets No Army Size
“Tha security of the United States was saved by sea distances, by allies, and by the errors of a prepared enemy,” Marshall said. “For probably the last time in the history of warfare those ocean distances were a vital factor in our defense,
“We may elect again to depend on others and the whim and error of potential enemies, but if we do we will be carrying the treasure and freedom of this great nation in a paper bag." Marshall set no size for the postwar regular army, but he outlined its funetions. : He said it should be comprised largely of a strategic force, heavy in air power, partially deployed in the Pacific and Caribbean, and ready to protect the nation against a sudden hostile thrust and immediately available’ for whenever required.
Must Be Prepared
THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES
Gen. Marshall = United States fo , Stay Prepared i in Case War Threatens Again
young men would be trained in the .
of volunteers for the national guard}! and the organized reserve. The na=
| threat
to strike targets 2000 miles away. |~
emergency action
Gen, George C. Marshall
Marshall said the nation still doesn't appreciate how thin the of allied survival was stretched in 1942,
“In good oonscience this nation can take little credit for its part in staving off disaster in these éritical days,” he said, “It is certain that the refusal of the British and Russian people to accept what appeared t0 be inevitable defeat was a great factor inthe salvage of our civilization. Of almost equal importance was the failure of the enemy to make the most of the situation.” nterrogation of captured German officers indicated the axis had no overall strategic plan, he reported. In fact, the axis .existed only on paper, No Unity in Axis
Italy's entrance into the war was contrary to: an agreement with Germany. burden on Germany, Japan also apparently acted in-
unified plan. Hitler's
other disastrous choices,
Italy was a constant
dependently instead of under a
unorthodox methods af the outset won so many astonishing successes that his generals did not
challenge either his fatal decision to invade Russia or some of his
“Among the axis errors, Marshall listed: Failure to invade England after France fell in-1940, largely for lack of a plan, Germany overextended herself trying to save the Italians in the Balkans and Africa and suffered heavily when caught without a plan to resist the surprise allied landings in Africa. Germany failed before Moscow in 1041 in the face of stubborn Russian defenses and lack of plans for a winter campaign. Marshall called the Moscow battle the turning point of the war, Even after the Moscow defeat, he said, Germany might have saved something if she hadn't squandered her resources at Stalingrad and underestimated the Russian potential. Finally, Hitler blundered in attempting to stand against the allied landings in Normandy instead of falling back to a line deep in France as his generals advocated. ‘Selfish Motive’ Japan during this time was trying fo consolidate her dominance of Asia instead of plunging to meet the German forees driving eastward,
“There can be na doubt that the greed and the mistakes of the warmaking nations as well as the heroic stands of the British and Soviet peoples saved the United States a» war on her own soil,” Marshall said, “The crisis had come and passed | at Stalingrad and El Alamein “be-
sufficient resources to, participate in the fight in a determining manner. “Had the U, 8 8. R.
fore this nation was able to gather
British army of the Nile been defeated in 1942, as well they might if the Germans, Japanese and Italians had better co-ordinated their plans and resources and successive operations, we should have stood
contronted by ‘enemies who controlled a greater part of the world. | “Our close approach to that ter-| rifying situation should have a sobering influence on Americans for generations to come.” The ability of the United States] to stand again under such a situation was- questioned by Marshall, “Even with two-thirds of the] German army engaged by Russia, it took every man the nation saw] fit to mobilize to do our. part of | the job in Europe and at the same time keep the Japanese enemy under control in the Pacific,” he said. “What would have been the result had the Red army been defeated and the British islanders invaded, we can only guess.” U. 8. manpower was heavily taxed to provide the armed forces necessary for victory in the field and to man the factories which were arming the United Nations. Once an army of 8,248,000 was projected. Under manpower pressures this was later scaled down to 7,100,000 effectives. Long supply lines required ever larger numbers of service forces, Original plans for 105 combat divisions were reduced to 90,
313 Nazi Divisions This number seemed small when Germany mobilized 313 diviisons, Japan 120, Italy 70, Hungary 23, Romania 17 and Burgaria 18. The Russian program called for 550 divisions, British more than 50 and Chinese 300 divisions. The U. 8, however, was second among the allies in total mobilized strength. of all arms, The Russians mobilized 22,000,000, Germany 17,000,000, U. 8. 14,000,000, British em-
requirements ‘for exactly,
all but two had seen action,
to take us unaware,” he said, pace of the attack would be at supersonic speeds of rocket weapons closely followed by a striking force which would seek to exploit the initial and critical advantage. “We must be sufficiently prepared against such a threat to hold the enemy at a distance until we can rapidly mobilize our strength, The regular army and the national guard must be prepared to meet such a crisis.”
will be sound if we set up machinery
international crisis resulting in a| national emergency for the United! States” Marshall said manpower mobilization must be backed by industrial
fare means total warfare involving all the economic, scientific and human resources of a nation,
Must Be Finances
development of military weapons which have no commercial counterpart. This includes fighter planes and anti-aircraft weapons. There must also be a master plan for swift mass production of war material in event of an emergency. This would
solete in the light of continuing re-
search and development.
"
ns OF rin g the party a success It’s easy to plan a date at home when you have frosty bottles of Coca-Cola in the family refrigerator, Have a Coke says the hostess, and the affair is of to a flying start. To young or old, this friendly invitation opéns the way to better acquaintance, adds zest and enjoyment to entertaining. From Alabama to Oregon, CocaCola stands for ht ase Hs fra ples way to was Sols ou ut Some. “sores UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE COCA-COLA EPutuy ’
COCA-COLA BOTTLING co. itiapolis Ine. _ * Hear Morton Downey WIBC, 11:15 A. M.
Time for a get-together... Havé a Coke
“It is obvious that another war lf woud start with a lightning attack “The |
He said war ‘department sannert] after considering. every conceivable | factor, believed the nation's position |
which will “permit the mobilization | of an army of 4,000,000 men within! a period of one year following any
mobilization because modern war-|
He said there must be funds for!
mitigate the need for a huge stock-| pile which could rapidly become ob-|
|
| {
|
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| |
GIVE
w
ny
today in the western hemisphere
pire 12,000,000 and China 6,000,000. Total allied mobilization exceeded and the! 62,000,000 and enemy -30,000,000, The mobilization plan fitted the victory almost When Germany sure rendered every American division was in the operational theaters and of
vital installations in Hawaii the other was an airborne division reserve in Europe. , To give Cen, Dwight D. hower the impetus for final v in Europe two divisions m for the Pacific—the 86th and 9 were halted on the west coast February and rushed across | United States and by fast ship Europe. They have since gone {to the Pacific. When these division: left the United States there were no combat divisions remaining in the country, Owing to unpreparedness of the United States and Britain, the axis possessed an averwhelming initial advantage in material which was overcome after thes United States vastly superior industrial, establish ment got into full production. During the last two years the U. 8. army was well armed and equipped, and possessed many su-' perfor weapons as attested by the = fact that operations were mounte all. over the world with strategie s inferiority .in numbers. : Marshall . said this war showed that mdividual replacements. coul be trained to fit into an experienced unit in a short time, but training 4 unit required a year or more, Between the first and second world wars there were not sufficient sole diers to give officers experience in handling large numbers of men, Future defense forces must be large enough to overcome this defi clency, Marshall said,
PAYS U. 8. $7 MILLION TEHRAN, Oct, 10 (U, P.) ~The Tehran ‘minister of roads and come munications has tendered a $7,000,» 000 check to U: 8. army authorities for railway materials purchased by the Iran government, it Was ahe nounced today.
ELECTION TROOPS UNARMED WASHINGTON, Oct. 10 (U, P)) = American officials sald today that if U. 8. military personnel are used to conduct the torthcoming Greek
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