Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 September 1945 — Page 12

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‘he Indianapolis Times PAGE 12 Tuesday, Sept. 11, 1945 :

"ROY W. HOWARD WALTER LECKRONE . HENRY W. MANZ ‘President Editor Business Manager (A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER)

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Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way

MACARTHUR NEEDED IN TOKYO JUST as General MacArthur is getting started on the job " of occupying Japan there are reports that he will return to Washington within three or four months to head a new unified department of national defense. o We hope for a co-ordination of all fighting services under a single cabinet department in the near future, That proposal has gained wide support as a result of the Pearl . Harbor failure and other costly lessons of duplication, ri‘valry and divided command. It is advocated by Secretary of War Stimson and, reportedly, by the special army-navy committee appointed by the joint chiefs of staff to poll * sentiment of our field commanders. General MacArthur's name was bound to suggest itself. . Presumably the new cabinet officer would be a civilian, but the first supreme commander under such a reform should have the qualities of a MacArthur, He has wide public confidence on the basis of his brilliant leadership in the Pacific. He has outstanding organizing ability. He has unusual vision of the future of air power, But despite those qualifications, we think ary discussion of moving General MacArthur from his Tokyo task before it has hardly begun is most unfortunte.

cole sn» » EAR ADMIRAL CARNEY, Admiral Halsey's chief of «siafl-said-yesterday- some. {orm of occupation may. be. necessary for generations. We doubt that. But certainly “the duration will be largely determined by our wisdom in ~ getting the proper pattern now and the skill with which it 8 applied. The same reasons which led to Supreme Commander MacArthur's choice in the first place should keep him in Japan until that pattern is well established. Glib discussion about the main occupation job becoming a “routine” matter before Christmas indicates a lack of understanding of the Japanese problem. It is one of the most difficult and deceptive responsibilities ever attempted by the United States. It will require not only our strength and skill, but also our perserverance. This is no time to talk of switching supreme commanders. Why, - even the physical surrender will not be complete until Jate October!

OLUME IS THE ANSWER RECENT committee for development report predicted that reconversion will be complete by a year from now nd the country will be enjoying post-war prosperity and ubstantially full employment.” In the year beginning next September, the CED estimates, there will be jobs for at least 53,500,000 Americans, © not counting those still in military service, with further employment gains to follow. Secretary Wallace's goal is 0,000,000 jobs by 1950. : In New York Saturday night Mr. Wallace said that commerce department ‘surveys generally confirmed the ‘CED report, which he praised as a great contribution to prosperity after the war, The CED is a national organiza“tion of businessmen who believe firmly that free private enterprise can and must be made to work. It has had enthusiastic help from the commerce department, under Secretary Wallace and his predecessor, Jesse Jones—a fine example of government-business co-operations. . There are many who think a year too mueh to spend in reaching the predicted levels of business activity and employment. One of these, Henry J. Kaiser, is reported hurrying from California to Washington this week with plants’ to mobilize the country for “our new war of survival ~-reconversion.”

» » » . » » R..KAISER is scornful that “the government seems re-

L signed to an unemployment figure of 8,000,000 by Eas- ~ ter.” He calls for action, to “clarify, in a hurry, the whole bewildering picture of reconversion and cut the useless lags that destroy the confidence of capital and labor.” He contends that government is too slow in deciding - what to do with its war plants and surplus materials; that i many industries, struggling to regain their feet, can't per suade laid-off war workers to take new jobs. The situation, he says, demands the same rapid-action . with which we mobilized for war after Pearl Harbor, to _ the end that high-volume peace-time production may be t reached in weeks, not months. ; Mr, Kaiser has done a lot of big jobs in a hurry, He | certainly is right in urging that the big job just ahead be i done that way, through courage and co-operation. For as i he says, if we want post-war prosperity, full employment, thriving markets for business and agriculture, high wages, good profits, and a rising standard of living, we must get volume production,

WATCH FOR JUJITSU! : MERICAN occupation policy, as outlined yesterday by Supreme Commander MacArthur to the Japanese, is a combination of the firm and constructive. The Japanese | are to be given an opportunity to comply with the uncon- | ditional surrénder terms without undue compulsion, but “the occupation troops are there to force compliance if neces-

© Our objective, he said, is three-fold: To abolish militarism and militant nationalism. To encourage liberal ten‘dencies and civil liberties. To create conditions in which Japan will cease to be a menace to herself and the world, and become a peaceful nation. That is .a big order. But it is a necessary one, unless we are to look forward to pertual occupation. erty The Japanese people have accepted the occupation, as ordered by the emperor. But certainly that does not mean y have changed overnight. There is evidence in the tude of the military and governing castes during the sessions last week, and in the not-too-subtle antin propaganda of the official propaganda agency, mei, that the same old crowd hopes to stay in the saddle pite defeat, “IN : They probably will try on us, politically, their national itsu, As defined by Webster: “The Japanese art of self2nse ‘without weapons. . . The. principle of making use an opponent's strength and weight to disable or injure

Ph disarmament is not South, We must watch

‘every Instance where her interests were involved—

at the table, Moscow warns them not to. inferfere’

State Byrnes knows, and must tell

REFLECTIONS— Crime Climb By Petér. Edson >

WASHINGTON, Sept. 11.—Possibility that the United States may be entering a period of higher crime rates than in recent years is ad- : ; mitted by the federal bureau of investigation. This alarming prediction is based on a study of U, 8. arrests for the first six months of 1945 as compared with. wartime and pre-war crime statistics gathered by local sheriffs and police officials, then tabulated and analyzed by the FBI. . The new trend in crime runs counter to a general down trend from 1831 to 1944, Most of the reductions in crime were noted during the first part of the 14-year period, but the decreases were substantial in every classification except rape—which has risen 110 per cent—assault and larceny, which rose, respectively, 31.2 per cent and 9.9 per cent. Robbery and auto theft, on the other hand, went down over 40 per cent. Comparing the record for the first half of 1045 with the first half of 1944, however, shows an increase

rationing restrictions in the last four months of the year naturally may be expected to show an increase in this category, too. Murders were up 4 per cent to 1370 in the six months period. Rape was up 9 per cent to 3181, an all-time high. Robbery, assault and burglary were up 10, 11 and 12 per cent,

More Teen-Age Crime : AS THE crime rate has gone up, the criminal age has gone down. This trend, to which FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover repeatedly has called attention indiscussing juvenile delinquency, can be traced directly to wartime conditions. It was not expected, however, because the armed gervices took in large numbers of men in the 18 to 21-year group.« That ordinarily would he expected to reduce®the number of crimes committed by those under 21. The surprise came in that 17-year-olds promptly moved in and took over the place in criminal records formerly occupied by older youths. This new reduc~ tion in age level of offenders points up the possibility of a still greater teen-age crime problem than before the war, FBI examination of some 270,000 arrest records shows one out of every flve arrested was under 21,

{ara the 17eyear-old- offender topped the list with

13,000 arrests. There were nearly 12,000 arrests of youths under 16 years of age, 2000 being 14 and under’, - z Offenses for which some 65.000 youths of under 21 were arrested-in the first half of the year were predominantly crimes against property—robbery, larceny and auto theft. Nearly 40 per cent of all arrests in these categories were of young men and women under 21,

More ‘Women Arrested

THERE WAS an 8 per cent increase, to 44,000, in the number of women's arrest records examined by the FBI in the first half of 1945, This is one arrest in every six. The age pattern of arrested women differs from that of the men, most women being from 18 to 22, each of these years showing a fairly even distribution of from 2500 to 3000 arrests. : For both men and women, it is the repeater that causes the most trouble, indicating the lack of any satisfactory corrective. Of all the arrest records examined, over half show previous arrests. This trend is true even among the teen-agers. Fifteen pér cent of the 15-year-olds arrested had previous criminal records, the figure rising to 42 per cent of those 20 years old. This merely accentuates the juvenile problem. Sociologists can argue themselves blue in the face as to the contributing causes of today's crime trends. One of the most logical reasons seems to be that the number of police officers has gone down by 8 per cent from 1042 to 1045. The fewer the cops, the greater the crime wave, .

WORLD AFFAIRS—

Peace By William Philip Simms

WASHINGTON, Sept. 11.—The Big Five council ‘of foreign ministers meet in London under a darke ening cloud. Russia's apparent insistence on settling the peace of Europe her own way has placed the workability of the whole united national organization in gravest doubt, On the- eve of the vital London gathering, the Soviet newspaper, Izvestia, charged Britain and Amerlea with attempting to overthrow the Romanian gove ernment—which action, it added, was tantamount to interference. in the Internal affairs of a sovereign state. The seriousness of the charge lies in the fact that Russian newspapers are government-directed and controlled. To keep the record straight, the Romanian gov= ernment is headed by Premier Petro Groza, a Communist puppet. He was installed by the intervention of Commissar Vyshinsky, specially dispatched to Bucharest for the purpose. King Michael is merely a’convenient figiirehead. « All that Washington and London have done in the matter is to intimate that they cannot extend recog ‘nition to made-to-order governments like that, and to suggest, rather mildly, that all hands live up’ to the principles of the Atlantic Charter and the pronouncements of Moscow, Yalta and Potsdam.

Agreements Bound All Alike

IN PART, these agreements bound Russia, Britain and America to seek no territorial aggrandisement as a result of the war; to favor no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned: to respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they. will live; to assist liberated peoples— even of former axis satellites like Romania and Bulgaria—(1) to establish internal law and order, (2) relieve emergency hunger, ete, (3) form broadly democratic interim governments, and (4). facilitate the holding of free elections.

less than the United States and Britain, Yet most of them have already been broken. And if Moscow persists in the position indicated by Izvestia, the entire array of promises bids fair to become a dead lefter. At stake, therefore. is the whole post-war setup. American participation in the new League of Nations is predicated on a “just peace” and to the

least reasonable observance of the above principles is essential to any such peace.

Russia Makes Own Settlements UNFORTUNATELY, almost the only “peace settlements” thus far concluded have been largely by the unilateral action of the Soviet Union. In-almost

whether in Europe or Asia—she has been prompt to settle the Issues mostly without first consulting her’

will, and worked out reparations for herself and to suit herself, Though the war supposedly was a Joint affair against a common enemy; the peace -settlements, thus far at least, have been almost exclu sively unilateral. a : _ Now the Big Pive are meeting in London to frame the final peace treaties with Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Finland. So apparently by way of warning, as the foreign ministers take their seats

with her existing setup in those ar ; What makes the outlook so bleak is the fact that Russia on the one hand and America and Britain on the other are genuinely poles apart on what is fur damentally just and democratic. Yet Secretary ¢ ministers, that the Armevicus Beals will pever send

i

SY ’ hats »

In every type of crime except involuntary manslaughe' ter, such as deaths in auto accidents. Removal of gas |

Russia put her seal to these and similar pledges no |

overwhelming majority of the American people, at |

allies. - She has redrawn the map ‘of eastern and | southeastern Europe, installed puppet governments at 4

To

: Slowly Emerging

3

NEED

UNIFY

|By Earl Richert

ARMY: AVY ao AR FORCES

En ——

| ooSsier “ATTACK BY JAPS WAS FULLY EXPECTED” By C. D, C,, Indianapolis : The American people through a press: under wartime censorship have been led to believe that the

entirely uriprovoked and made at a time when-the late Mr. Roosevelt was making every effort to settle our differences at the conference table, Anyone who wishes to" look into the records can find plenty of evi-

subservient palace guards fully expected an attack about 3500 miles west in the vicinity of the Philippines. A high army officer once told me of making a survey of the defenses of the Philippines for the war department and his report was that in case of an attack by Japan they would be able to hold out at least 100 days. they would be sufficient in that case as the navy would be able to take care of it long before _that time. It would seem that Mr. Roosevelt calculated that the attack would be in the vicinity of the Philippines and the navy from Pearl Harbor would mop up the Japs at its leisure. However, the ‘Japs were not cricket and almost destroyed the fleet at Pearl Harbor. In fact there is a great deal of evidence that war -with Japan might have been avoided. , Ambassador Grew on Sept. 6, 1941 was invited to dinner by Prime Minister Konoye at the home of a friend. He laid his cards squarely on the table and begged to arrange a meeting with Mr, Roosevelt at Hawali such as the President had had with Mr. Churchill in the Atlantic. He offered to pull out of the China incident and save as much face as possible and stated he would not dare return without an agreement. Incidentally, Konoye was against the military group and kept a wars ship ready for immediate depar=ture to the conference. However, Mr. Hull evaded an answer and on Oct, 16 the Konoye cajinet fell and was replaced by Tojo. On Nov, 26, 1941, Secretary Hull

ultimatum to Japan. It demanded withdrawal of all military forces from China, the outright recognition of the Chungking government, the renunciation of all extra territorial rights in China and ‘Japan’s renunciation of her treaty of alliance with the axis powers. That was only a small part of our foreign policy that led to the attack on

sneak attack on Pear] Harbor was

dence—that— Mr. Roosevelt and his}

He: was told. that! Mr, Roosevelt for his diplomatic

(ister or a list of ministers that has is between $22 and $26 a week and

(atomic bomb, that it should notion jess, why can't .they? They

» » thealed. Have you ever thought of | “I'IME FOR ATTENTION kicked over everything and sent an hat or didn’t you care? They had|yo ur OWN NEEDY”

Pearl Harbor and now that part of |

Side Glances—By Galbraith

“I wholly disagree with what you say, but will defend to the death four right to say it.”

“WE EXISTED ON LESS, WHY CANT THEY?” By Mrs. Aurelia Hayes, 308 Lansing st. I don't suppose this will get me anywhere but I can get it off my chest. Last night there was a piece in the paper about the people refusing jobs because they can’t’ make as much as they did in the war plants. I work in a meat plant and have for 1% years. Twelve of them I put in on my feet all day at heavy work {for a woman. The last year I've been in the office. The average wage for men is 70 cents an hour with 36 hours guaranteed, which makes $25.20 a week. The wage for leasing voluminous reports of atroci- Ee me Nomen i559 Sente Muah

ties Sensiitise by the Japs in oa been frozen all through the war and apparent endeavor cover up the stigma that might be attached to yo hee Bh fo oA Hoius a made in 40 or 48 hour weeks, They also took 10 per cent of most of the wofkers' wages for bonds or rather, we gave it. We could never see why bullets were more essential than meat. We filled orders for the army. They can't fight without meat and food many as head of prisons and asyl- anymore than bullets. I know ums. If any emergency arises in|people will say why didn't they regard to a patient he is not too | quit and go somewhere else. Maybe busy to help us if it is important. [they never tried it or If they had, = » ” “WHERE WOULD WE BE IF

JAPS HAD ATOM BOMBS?” By J. E. Williams, Bargersville Every few days there is a min-

(Times readers are invited “to express their views in these columns, religious controversies excluded. Because of the volume received, letters should be limited to 250° words. Letters must be signed. -_ Opinions set forth here are those of the writers, and publication in no way implies agreement with those - opinions by The Times. + The Times assumes no responsibility for the return of manu-scripts-and cannot-enter cor. respondence regarding them.)

the truth promises to come out in the open. Our government is re-

and military blunders before Pearl Harbor was attacked. 2 n s * “GOVERNOR IS HEAD OF PRISONS, ASYLUMS”

By G. W. Ade; Indianapolis The governor is unknown to

easy, We were frozen to our jobs and many a one quit and had to come back because they wouldn't release them, The average wage for the office

a lot to say about the use of thei n, overtime. So if we have existed

have been used and caused the 108S| should try and keep a family on our of life, that the Japs were whipped wages sometime, We couldn't afford anyway. But now tell me if you can, pack market goods to keep it ministers, how long would they|foyrishing like a lot of defense have fought? Have you ever figured | yoriers did, but it made us do with-

that and what the loss of life offoyt and we didn’t have a lot before, our precious boys would have been| ye I guess that’s that.

and the blood that would have been| p go Incidentally, I've been a

spilled? widow for seven years and have a One of those bombs did not one-|son who's just been working about thousandth part pay the Bataan), year and I had to keep him and price, the homes wrecked, the| both on my salary. hearts broken that never can be o

no respect for our boys. They did not pick some isolated place to do|B Bea Sumner, Indianapolis things to us. Where would you, Mr.| The Times certainly deserves high Minister, and all of us be if they praise in bringing to the public eye

had or So They site Would the needs of the family who otherway place to drop them and you|V's¢ Would have been separated. It know that they were only a few|Das long been taken for granted months behind. Now why do you that all citizens of the United States ministers of the gospel uphold those|live In modern homes, have plenty dirty rats? of food, and ‘numerous other

In my opinion it is about time that we give some attention and care to our needy people in this country.

=~

their sons abroad to fight for a ¢

This courageous family, to obtain ald, was forced to make an appeal through your newspaper. When I think of the billions given to other countries, the tons of food wasted by the heads of the army and navy, the deep concern over the plight of people in other lands, I cannot understand how a nation who 1s go~ ing to take care of the world could neglect its own citizens. » » . “ONLY ANSWER IS DRAFTING

OF THE YOUNG MEN”

By Mrs. G. Emery, Indianapolis C. E B. from Ft expressed exactly the ideas of many of us. The boys wha have been in service, some as long as four and five years, deserve to be released now. They have borné the burden long enough. Y We cannot afford to experiment with the volunteer system while more years roll by. ‘ So the only answer is the contin uéd drafting of the young men, 18-

they'd - have found out it wasn’t] ’

luxuries not enjoyed by our allies.|

ley F. Kimball,

POLITICS— = +

Huge Plots .

WASHINGTON, Sept. 11.—Econ-omy-minded congressmen are casting a cold eye at the army’s plans for building 79 new “Arlingtontype” national cemeteries at an ‘estimated cost of well over a million dollars apiece. Drawing their attention particularly are estimated

>

cemeteries: ; For flagpole and base, $10,000; for superintendent's lodge and office, $40,000; for assistant superintende ent’s lodge and office, $15,000; for entrance and serve ice gates, $40,000; for chapel and amphitheater, $375,» 000; for enclosure walls, $300,000. Representative May (D. Ky), chairman of the house military affairs committee which now has jurisdiction of the senate-passed bill authorizing the cemeteries, said he believed the cemeteries should be lain. P “1 want to make sure,” he said, “that the army isn’t going to waste a lot of money building these cemeteries. : “I think the government should provide burial grounds for veterans and their wives but I don't think it should be anything elaborate, Chapels, if they are built, should be small.”

Model Plots, Army Says

“WE HAVE proposed what we think are model cemeteries,” said an army spokesman. “And it should be remembered that perpetual care does cost a lot of money. “The estimated costs were worked up by our archi

able. The whole matter, of course, will be up to congress to decide.” : Backers of the proposed cemetery program poin out that the authorization bill passed the senate without a murmur, 1 Since senate passage, however, private cemetery owners have started to oppose the program. Chairman May said he had received a number. of complaints from private cemetery owners against the bill. But he said he did not agree with them that the government would be interfering with private business by providing added burial grounds for vet= erans. He said he thought the government should do so. Other committeé members said that opposition

experience has shown that veterans preferred to be buried in private rather than national cemeteries,

Bad Location for Use : : BACKERS of the bill say that the existing na tional cemeteries are located chiefly on old battle grounds and are poorly located for general use. . They predict that veterans will want to be buried in beautiful “national shrine” cemeteries conveniently located in each state, as is provided by the army's lans. ’ Eligible to be buried cost-free in the néw ceme« teries, if the bill is approved, will be honorably dis« charged veterans of all wars, their wives, minor chile dren ‘and one adult unmarried daughter. Female veterans also are eligible for burial, but not their husbands. : : The veterans administration allows $100 estate for burial costs for a veteran.

IN WASHINGTON—

Grand Tour

By Robert Taylor

WASHINGTON, Sept. 11.—Presi dent Truman may have to drop affairs of state to decide whether those 11 congressmen should pay ¥ % for their grand tour of Europe. TR The war department, which handled the tour, is obviously embarrassed by questions, and can’t say. After two days of meditation, a spokesman said the department wbn't have the answer until the cone gressmen return here. : The congressmen themselves can't say. Rep. Samuel A. Weiss (D. Pa.) said they signed a statement while abroad that they would pay their share of expenses “if billed for thé trip.” * House of representative officials can’t say. All they know is that President Truman ruled that congressmen would have to pay their own way unless they were authorized to travel by house resolution, The 11-man touring committee didn't have such authority, but they left before the order was issued,

Bill Would Be Stiff One

IF IT'S decided to bill the congressmen, the bill will be a stiff one. mand does carry travelers for pay, but it has a sched« ule of charges that would discourage most travelers, The New York-to-Paris rate for instance—and the committee visited "Paris—is $631, plus 15 per cent tax. That comes to $725 one way and $1451 for round trip. The committee not only got to Paris, it touched at pearly every country in Europe, Its schedule called for. visits to more than 20 countries in 45 days, and seven of the original 11 members are still going, somewhere in the Near East. To maintain that schedule, it- was necessary to fly most of the way. Paris newspapers reported their schedule in that

to the

by the U. 8, ambassador, time out for personal shopping and a visit to the Folies Bergere. They talked with U. 8. soldiers in various areas, conferred with officers, rode orf Hitler's yacht at Wiesbaden and had their pictures taken on Hitler's balcony in the reichschancellory. They also looked at Monte Carlo, visited the French Riviera, Naples, Rome, Ankara and other points,

Unattached to Committees THE TOUR was arranged by a number of cone gressmen not attached to committees which had ofe ficial missions, The committee, headed by Rep. Vice tor Wickersham (D. Okla.) has no official status in the house. The tour left Washington July 20 in an ATC plane, Six days later, President Truman issued his. order denying free transportation for trips not authorized by the house. The order was issued to put a damper on prospec tive plans of congressmen to do some touring at public expense during the congressional recess. Some 100 members were estimated to have made plans for trips, official and unofficial, The order didn't affect major committees, authorized to investigate phases of the war effort.

So They. Say—

GERMANY HAS always been able to make wap on its neighbors because its big business was in close partnership with its unscrupulous governments. That partnership will not happen again.—Jackson, Mich, Citizen Patriot. i

NEW ARMIES of occupdtion and demobilization camps, the constant call for aid at hospitalization

centers and transportation centers, all spell necessi ty

for continuing vigorous activity by the USO.—LindsUSO president. ; 1

IT IS DOWNRIGHT stupid to keep a whole lot of

divisions here (in Germany) when a fey bombers and some atomic bombs would keep the Germans in line, ~Unidentified U. 8. Army corporal, stationed in Gers

expenditures such as these for the larger proposed

tects and engineers and we think they are reason= -

‘expressed to. CHEH Wks “rife gronnay thay pra

The army's air transport come .

city included dinner with U, 8. generals, a reception

Here is an : ‘300 feet around (dark area) for diameter.

: A closeup test-fired near Particles conta

GOP IS SHIFT ¢

Must Adopt Gates

; By B( The Republics The Republican warning from Ralph F. Gates adopt a “const

it expected to 8 Gates told ¢ G. 0. P, rally Manitou that | had been “to king's loyal ¢ having a constr would lead to America.” He sounded Hoosier Repu 1946 by critici and, ‘warning leaders that for supporting be formed soo to “continue as the affairs of Political ob the speech as Indiana Repub eye to their | weaknesses WI rolls around. Flayed I Gates took Democrats, ho that the or were a threat Gates said | been content ter an adverse “No. party ( does not have gram. No pa mere oppositi power,” he sal “1 look forw nationally, tI adopts in for cles which wi

With

First Tesse 17 from 2 torium, and ‘you phone or - Auditoriu Fabric D or at the “street flo