Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 September 1945 — Page 11

FROM NOW - ON ‘Sonny Hogan's , pet kitten, Tommy, is allergic to thermos bottles. Sonny, 6-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs, Truman Hogan, 5632 Winthrop ave, had just gone to school when Tommy got into all the trouble the other day. Mrs. ‘Hogan heard a terrible commotion in the backyard. When she went out to see what was the matter, there was Tommy with his head stuck in a pint thermos bgttle. The bottle was in the sand pile and Sonny usually used it to carry water to his pet rabbits. Mrs. Wesley Green, a neighbor, came over to help.” But ‘still Tommy's head stayed in the thermos jug. Finally Mrs, Hogan and another neighbor drove the kitten over to fire station 16 at 5555 N. Illinois st. “And by this time Tommy was just about suffocated. The firemen workea and worked, They even greased Tommy's head but that didn’t help. The last resort was to break the bottle with a hammer while Tommy wiggled and squirmed. Then they cut the wire ring from his neck with a shears. The kitten looked pretty bedraggled but a dish of milk helped out a lot,

Deserving Boy Scout

MOTORISTS in the 3900 block of N. Capitol aye. were ready to give a Boy Scout a special commendation Saturday morning. The Scout, about 11 years old, was in the middle of the street, sweeping up some broken glass, . . . Allen Fisk, chief accountant for the public service commission, is one of the most recent optimistic drivers. He got back from a vaca tion in New York a week ago today and made the ¢ . whole trip on five bad tires. On the way there .one of the tires sprang a leak in Pittsburgh, But it didn't blow out until Harrisburg. Mr. Fisk then got out his spare which a year and a half ago was in too bad a shape to be recapped. He drove the rest of the way to New York—about 150 miles and the 750-mile trip back without a spare... . Miss Billie Faye Seib, 2827 Moore ave., and her friends have been quarreling about what century this is. They say their neighborhood librarian couldn't help them decide because she didn’t know what to look for. According to Webster's dictionary, this is the 20th century which includes the years from 1901 to’ 2000. ». . Miss Bernece Bolen, office manager for the Mid-State Liquor Co. 34 W. Georgia st., reports that of the 26 employees on the new firm's payroll, six of them are ex-servicemen. Those who wore the army khaki are Lee Harris, Charles Feider; Harlan Fred Miller, John Karres and Homer West. Roy Hurley is the ex-navy man. And handling the business in the Terre Haute district is Larry Pohl, who used to be calling the strikes and balls in the American Association baseball games, Miss Bolen and the other two partners in the busi“Hess, Jin ‘Bradford and Arthur Burris, all: themselves... the three B's.

Bog Bn

OSAKA (Delayed) —What is a seabee? What does a bazooka look like? Who is Ernie Pyle? These are some of the questions our boys are asking upon their liberation at last from long confinement in Japanese prison camps. At first these boys who have been cut off from the world since Corregidor and ‘Bataan, since Wake and Guam, are timid and somewhat embarrassed. They put their questions as though afraid you will laugh at them. Then they gather courage and the questions come flooding out. Was it true you’ had women as crews of B-29's like the japs said? . “We are regular Rip Van Winkles,” they laugh. “We've a lot of catching up to do.” The prisoners are fairly” well up on general war news. They followed that at the risk of their lives through the English edition of the Osaka Mainichi, which they pought on the black market with sugar they stole on the docks. Outside of exaggerating allied losses, the prisoners gay, this paper gave a pretty accurate account of the war. They used to buy one copy. One man would reads it. Then, after burping the paper they'd hold a clandestine press conference. They were never caught.

Exclaim Over U. S. Equipment THE PRISONERS had no other news. They were completely in the dark about what the liberating American forces would look like. “What funny looking helmets you're wearing,” they say. Then they exclaim about the jeeps and clamor to go riding in them. They admire the potent little carbines which they never saw before. They are even enthusiastic about K rations, which they are eating for the first time.

Science

THE QUESTION asked me most frequently during my vacation of the past two weeks was: How is it possible to put atomic energy to work? The reason for the question is easy to see. Readers, impressed with the damage done by the atomic bomb at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, find it difficult to envisage Uranium 235 as something they would like to have in the gas tank or the local goal bin in the cellar. To understand the situation, it Is necessary to keep in mind the difference between the basic nature of a source of energy and the way in which it is used. Nobody wants a stray bolt of lightning playing around the living room. But the fact of the matter is that a bolt of lightning

taxable

10 to 18

Concentrated Energy

LIKE LIGHTNING, the atomic bomb is a coneentration of energy in destructive proportions. For peace-time users, it must be utilized in a different

fashion.

The fact of the matter is that we often forget the explosive nature of energy sources which we use When the first suggestion was made to pipe natural gas through the streets of cities and into homes and factories for heating and lighting purposes, many people were horrified. They predicted that terrible fires and explosions would burn down cities

regularly.

within a matter of weeks.

My Day

HYDE PARK, Monday—I have received through the state department, in the last few days, messages which are not meant only for me. One of them comes from Adelaide, Australia, and reads: “South Australian Housewives Association desires to express through you congratulations to women of America victory Europe. Our thoughts and prayers for speedy victory in the Pacific.” I know that women the world over thought of each other in all the different countries and would liked to have clasped hands across the many oceans and rejoiced— first, when the war ended in Europe, and nfore, when it ended in the Pacific and we could say the

world was again at peace, Besides these cables I received several from South

and Central America, Great Britain, France and other contries showing that as the war ended the thoughts of many people were filled with gratitude to my husband, as well as to President Truman and the present administration and to the whole people of the United States. It is to feel eel this friendly spirit flowing across the oceans and I hope th edge our

this feeling con

Inside. Indianapolis

Rip VanWinkles By William McGaffin

is electricity and everyone is perfectly satisfled to use electric lights, electric heaters, electric motors, etc.

Sonny Hogan and his pet kitty. , . . Firemen came to the rescue.

Wife Flies to Panama

JEAN KLINE LIGHT left yesterday on the first flight of her trip to ‘Panama. She's going there to live with her husband, T. Sgt. Harold Light, who is serving with the army. At first she was going by boat but the trip was cancelled shortly after V-J day. Keeping her company will be Mrs. Stella Fitzpatrick of Paoli, whose husband also is in Panama. Their stops will include Evansville, Memphis, New Orleans and Guatemala in Central America before they reach Panama Thursday. . .. Milton Coffman and Robert} Gibbons will be pinch-hitting for Boyd Sparrow at Loew's theater for the next month, Manager Sparrow is taking a month's vacation in Washington, D. €., his home. ... A “Man Wanted” sign at 1013 Hosbrook st. caught the eyes of passersby yesterday. There had been prowlers in the neighborhood and Mrs, Marie Wagner put the sign on her porch for a joke. It's all decked out in roses and other flowers. Neighbors bet Mrs. Wagner she wouldn't leave it up Ao. two. days, But it looks as though Mrs. Wagner is going to win out.

More than anything else the prisoners are curious about the world they are going back to—curious and a little afraid. I sat up half the night with a Chicago doctor, captured at Corregidor, telling him what it is like now “back there.” He apologized and asked if I minded staying up to talk to him. “You see,” he said, “I'am too excited to sleep.” 2 In the last couplé of weeks, while waiting for the liberation forces to reach him, the .doctor, like the

SA,

The Indi

anapolis Times

SECOND SECTION

1. Crew members of the plane that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima were not too sure of their own safety. - Even at a very high altitude their plane might have been blasted out of the sky. To give the plane a chance to travel a safe distance, the bomb was attached to a parachute to let it down slowly. The bomb was timed so that it would release its blast before it reached the ging

By MARJORIE VAN DE WATER Science Service Writer ALF a million women will soon be welcoming returning sons or ‘Tasbands. ~ They might have beef] mourning their dead except for the expert use of the world's mightiest weapon. It wasn't the atomic bomb. It wasn’t the rocket plane or jet propulsion, It wasn't radar. Those were all extremely important in defeating the enemy. So were the flame throwers and bombs and bazookas, the parachute attacks and all the other modern devices lof war,

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1945 THE STORY OF THE ATOM

“0

NEUTRON =p ©

2. What was the material of the atomic bomb? Scientists called it U-235. This means uranium, one of the heaviest of metals, with an atomic weight of 235, which means it is approximately 235 times heavier than hydrogen. In the explosion, much of the substance of the metal vanished, Matter was turned into energy. This is the secret of atomic power. In the bomb -neutrons were fired at the hearts of uranium atoms, Neutrons are subatomic

particles without electric charge. As a neutron hits a uranium atom, the atom breaks in two.Each atom gives off at least two more neutrons. These two neutrons hit two more atoms, breaking them in two and giving off four neutrons. The four break up four atoms, releasing eight neutrons. The process is shown in the diagram above. The neutrons travel at a rate of about 20.000 miles a second, so the whole Process. takes an Insinitely short,

HOW WE MADE THE JAPS WANT TO QUIT (First of a y Series)

Surrender Always Is a State of the Mind

The peaceful invasion of Ja a host of unexpected problems.

minds of many readers. This tim giveg some of the answers.

“bg-cortrob-them-and-how-fo-re-aducate. them are questions in, the

pan has given the United States The Japanese are shrewd; how

ely series on Japanese psychology

in part of a converted garage, planned the psychological tactics. For the first time in history all the events ‘in a’ campaign, diplomatic and also military, were dictated by the considerations of psychological warfare. The goal was surrender without

5 n BUT YOU can defeat an enemy

other prisoners, has been catching up by ‘means of the magazines and news sheets paraciniieg. into the | camps by carrier ‘planes. The doctor, for example, .had read enough to know about radar but he did not know its peacetime | potentialities, such as enabling ocean liners to enter fog-bound harbors safely. He knew about plasma but had not heard of how whole blood is now flown in iced containers to battlefields. He only knew vaguely about :penicillin and had never seen it. “Does it really perform the miracles they claim for it?”

Intrigued by Magazines

HE WAS especially interested In the advertise-

ments in magazines—stories with magnificent colored illustrations about the things to be had in the brave

new post-world.

He had pictures of the streamlined new “homes of the future,” but did not know they could be pre-

fabricated.

A graduate of Northwestern university, he wants to go back to school to try and catch up with what

he has missed during his Rip Van Winkle existence.

Like many prisoners, the doctor is a little worried as to whether he will be able to adjust himself to the “Everyone back there is so far ahead

new world. of us now,” he said wistfullly,

By David Dietz

Most of us forget that it is a explosions that causes our automobiles to run,

spark, The explosion drives the piston in the cylinder.

A gallon of gasoline exploding all at once can’do vast damage. Yet all of us have the feeling that the gasoline in the tanks of our autos constitutes no

special hazard.

Creating An Explosion

THE INTERESTING thing about atomic energy is that it requires special circumstances to create in Uranium 235 or plutonium must be concentrated In a certain critical amount to obtain an explosion. This critical amount is somewhere between 4% and 220 pounds. That much, the war department

explosion.

has told.

In chunks the size of vitamin capsules or aspirin tablets there ought to be no danger of an explosion. There is, however, the very definite problem of

protecting people from the effect of the neutron releasd by Uranium 235 or plutonium. days of work with cyclotrons, silver coins in the pockets of scientists near th

seriés of controlled An explosive mixture of gasoline and air is admitted to the cylinder of the engine and set off by an electric

In the early it was found that

without. bringing about his surrender. Surrender is a state of mind. What made the Japanese sign on {the dotted line with their army in{tact? What enabled the United States to “invade” the Japanese mainland,

bowing, saluting enemy, instead of |the desperate fighting of a cornered, fanatical foe? The answer is believed by some U. S. officials to be in a weapon that is neither new nor secret, but which has never before been employed on so effective a scale for such an important goal, It is psychological warfare, : 8.8 IN A SENSE, of course, all warfare is psychological, because no matter how devastating is the destructive force of military measures they can never achieve their objective until the enemy reaches the point where he is willing to surrender, The guns are silent now. But the psychological problems remain, The Japanese are now engaged in an active campaign of psychological warfare against us which is not in any way robbed of its dangers by a cloak of ingratiating friendliness. And we will have our own psychoilogical problems inh the occupation

bring about a complete re-educa-tion and reorientation of the Japa-

psychological problem yet encountered.

un THE PRESENT

peace

general.

maintaining the peace.

device became radioactive, giving off rays like radium, mapped out and then The reason for this was that the neutrons coming | through to a dramatic conclusion.

out of the bombarded materials in the cyclotrons This “capturn, | caused the silver to become radioactive, giving off |

passed through the bodies of the scientists. slowed the neutrons down so that they were tured” by the atoms of silver. This, in its

dangerous rays.

By Eleanor Roosevelt

welcomed by banquets served by a

{of Japan. Certainly if we hope to

is easily lost if vigilance is relaxed and ef-|® forts lag, because the polite smile of the conquered naturally hides a deep smoldering resentment which can be fanned into a widespread outbreak of violence against the conquerors and against authority in

Buccess in meeting the problem of how to produce in the Japanese a spirit of surrender points-the way to an effective attack on the job of

On the basis of an intimate and! accurate knowledge of the minds (army) and Lt. Cmdr. Meyer A.| and behavior of the Japanese peo- | Zeligs (navy) report separately in| larvae pass to the lymphatic glands ple and how they would act in ‘re-|the August 18 ‘issue of the Journal where they grow to maturity, The sponse to action taken by this coun- [of the American Medical associa- | tiny worms migrate from the vitry, a psychological campaign was tion on their studies of servicemen cinity of the parent worms to the followed {with filariasis,

invasion. The priceless booty that was at stake—and that was brought home in. triumph—was an officially estimated saving on half a million American lives.

» o » : HERE ARE some of the highlights of the knowledge of Japanese psychology and current events that formed the sound basis for the psychological campaign. ONE: The Japanese, as a people, are completely helpless without authority,

cific-direction.

without the presence of someone in command to tell them what to do, If they are fighting, they will continue fighting until they are told to stop. If they are faced with sudden ‘unexpected disaster, they are unable to act even to save their own lives without spe-

TWO: A Japanese man cannot act for himself. Two men cannot come to a decision. Always it takes at least three Japanese to arrive at an important action. It is the fixed habit of Japanese thinking to work

in council. For this reason, Japanese action is slow—it takes time to get men: together, to discuss the issue, to reach agreement. But they can come to an agreement’ if ordered to do so.

THREE: The Japanese would never surrender, man by man, unit by unit, regiment by regiment as the Italians and later the Germans did.

Surrender, for Japan, had to come from the top. Comparatively few Japanese soldiers were taken pris. oner., Not one. officer of the rank of general raised the white flag: Never did an organized group of Japanese soldiers lay down arms and give themselves up.

FOUR: Japanese leaders knew they were defeated at the béginning of this year. An island nation cannot hope to win a war without a fleet. When the Japanese lost their fleet, they lost the war, It did not matter that they had a large army undefeated. It didn't matter that they had men in China and Manchuria. It didn’t matter that Japanese soldiers were strongly entrenched in rock caves in hundreds of tiny islands scattered over the Pacific. Without means of holding these forces together, supplying them, and communicating with

completely uninformed about their

emperor knew that further battle

time. Bach atomic fragment had a fleld of force around it extending for a great distance, During an infinitesimal time, the rate of the explosion increases with great rapidity and thus is compounded into terrific force. 3. Although the explosive material in the bomb is believed to have weighed only a few pounds, the entire bomb weighed much more than this, with its complicated mechanism to set it off. How the bomb actually worked is

y #4 ! the army's most carefully guarded secret. five-year co-operative effort of more than 200 outstanding sci- | entists. broke the back of the Japanese: effort to dominate the world and: brought peace after the greatest’ war in history. which the United States hopes can preserve peace,

tion of Atoms.

It was the product of a

It was the weapon that

It is a weapon

TOMORROW: The First Men-

FIVE: The Japanese people were desperate plight. Even though the

yas. Useless... and, Worse, Lian wee), less—that each new day oO taking fresh and tien toll Japanese ‘life and property, he could not face his people with a proposal of surrender while they had no suspicion of their gelsat. n 1 SIX: Not only oe the Japanese people ignorant of the fate of their fleet and their own helplessness, but they were ignorant of the power of the allies. Scientific news did not reach them through the fog of “thought control.” The dropping of the atomic bomb must have been the first intimation many- of the public had ‘that scientists ‘even hoped to split the atom.

SEVEN: Japanese leaders,- faced with certain ‘defeat, would be anx-

get out of the war. They would welcome any suggestion of how to make surrender seem reasonable to the Japanese people,

EIGHT: But the Japanese people}. are not plain-spoken, they are not direct. To bring about the surrender it would be necessary to speak their language figuratively as well as literally. Steps in the carefully planned psychological campaign aimed at bringing about surrender of the Japanese without invasion will be related in the next article of this series.

them, Japan was lost and the lead ers knew it,

NEXT: Objective of Broadcast Bombardment,

By WILLIAM A. O'BRIEN, M. D,

Southwest Pacific natives

|largement)

-WHEN our servicemen saw the wi t hy

nese people, we face the greatest! filariasis (elephantiasis or great en- the complete physical recovery of of the genitalia and men infected with filariasis who

THE DOCTOR SAYS: Elephantiasis Worry Worse Than Pain

Filariasis Carried by Mosquitoes

ten by infected mosquitos, even, though the serviceman has moved to a new location. Lt. Cmdr. Zeligs is optimistic over

[lower extremities they were con-| have been brought to this country

lcerned, .as they knew it was al as soon mosquito borne!In his rience the disease runs

infection, Medica.

ject.’

of more

our than

Dr. O'Brien

WASHINGTON, Sept.

11, — Here |

which we can be proud of is the fact that on Wednesday, Sept. 19, a ship will be loaded at a New York City pier with 100,000,000 pounds of clothing contributed by the American people during the United National Clothing collection. This ship is bound for Yugoslavia. The need there is apparent to every visitor who sets foot in that country. In the following sentences we get a little picture of what women are facing in England. ' The letter comes from Lady Reading, head of the Women's Voluntary Services for Civil Defense. “We are anticipating a pretty tough winter. Obvi« ousdy, housing is our biggest and crying need—the number of houses that have been destroyed, quite apart from the houses that have not been able to be repaired or kept up to date, owing to shortage of labor, is something fantastic, Wherever you go or whoever you talk to, the one predominating worry is for ap to live in. of that we are, of course, full of apprehenson of the dfficulties we are going to have to meet this coming winter in food, clothing and fuel. Ig

fact, it looks af if one’s worries will not Jet w» for

quite a little time. “But undoubtedly the fact that we need no Jonger ‘worry in regards to people facing death does make

fact that resistance will be very much lower this iy for quite a lot of illness.” one we mist, remember

veterans and their relatives:

1944?

whether he was single or married, minor or an adult,

exempt receipts.

DOTTIE DRIPPLE

A—If he had a gross income o $500 or more for 1944, he should have filed a return regardless of |

In computing

| that is the best place to get a good enlisted man represe Q—Was a serviceman required to | steady job for as long as you want| months’ file a federal income tax return for to keep it,

gf Where can I get all the availab

| information?

a ton 25, D.C.

sary information.

officers could not | or more be too reassuring | sides. The worry over the disease] to the out- is apparently worse than the discome of the dis-ease itself, ease because of} lack of know- {which block the lymphatic vessels ledge on the sub- and produce swelling of the affected Pilariasis| parts. A mosquito bites an infected probably dis-/ person whose blood contains the turbed the morale tiny worms, The larval stage detroops velops in the mosquito, any disease results when a man is bitother disease. Capt. William Saphir | ten.

Q—They tell me that the govern~|

as the diagnosis was made,

1 a self-limited course, with only one flare-ups before it sub-

Pilariasis is caused by tiny worms

and the

After penetrating the skin, the!

neighboring lymph vessels. The_en~|

Q~Is the amount paid

gratuity pay, taxable in

1 want to be sure about |come to the beneficiary? what I am getting into, however, |

le|

| ons

Q-—My husband has been in th army four years. out of college,

I want him to g

|largement® of the tissues is appar-|i CAPT. SAPHIR points out that ently caused by dead worms in the States it has largely disappeared) A SMALL group within the U. 8. infection may develop at any time vessels, producing inflammation and|from this section and new outbreaks | (navy, housed in improvised quarters ‘Within two years after being bit- Jrritation in the tissues.

YOUR G. |, RIGHTS . . . By Douglas Larsen

Educational Allotment for Veterans Affects Planning

to the back and finish with government aid are some general questions from ment is only hiring. veterans and) beneficiary of a deceased officer or but he says he won't get enough to

nting six!live. on and support our three chil

A~No, This amount represents a| |gift by the United States and need

A~Write to the United Stee 8% be included in income. | Civil Service Commission, WashingState your problem

gross income, he may disregard tax- | and they will give you all the neces- He was drafted

SYMPTOMS may develop within four to nine months following exiposure to infected mosquitoes, Usual complaint is numbness or weakness in an arm or leg. When an extremity “falls asleep,” it may awaken the sleeper. Aching sensations develop particularly after heavy work, The ache changes fo pain | which may be worse during the rest {period following exertion. Servicemen who have been infected with filariasis apparently do best if kept active and not allowed to dwell on their problem. In the beginning’ they find this difficult to do, but later as they continue to feel all right they forge their difficulties. Punctional complaints of headache, backache, stomach upsets and vomiting may occur in emotionally unstable persons but these symptoms are not caused by filariasis, Only in rare exceptions have severe physical effects been noted. Although filariasis was once found

jous—eager—to find some way tof

We, the Wome Men's Allergy To Housework Is Explained

By RUTH MILLETT M42 son, it seems as though

STobahly some tReity years from now—a terrible injustice. “Wouldn’t you rather have & football than a doll?” I've argued, “Boys don’t play with dolls, you know.” And now a consultant for the New York Association of Day Nurseries says just such outlawing of dolls from the toys of a little ‘boy: may result _in his refusing to help with the dishes or houses work when he is a grown man, because then he will figure ther “1s something shameful about man doing “women's work.”

” ” 8 x WELL, NO girl is going to hlamé your refusal to dry dishes on me, my boy. If you want Santa to bring you a doll—even one with curis—that is what you'll get. Otherwise yo#t may turn into one of ‘those me who yell “You'd better do somes thing about the baby,” when all the baby needs is a diaper change;

I've thought the lawn mower too.

And it just could be they devel oped that fear when they ‘wer! only “small Jy "

” YOURE ppit water all over the kitchen floor. But go righ ahead with playing dishwashing, No girl is ever going fo claim you were discouraged in your dish-washing desire when you were just a kid. If you still grow up to be one of those men who is helpless around a house—the girl you marry is just going to have to blame it on natural laziness. She isn't going to be able to blame it on mamma.”

FOOD SITUATION IN BERLIN IMPROVING

By Times Foreign Service BERLIN,. Sept. 11. — The Berlin food situation is improving. By the end of the month there will be-a 15-day reserve of food in the Amers ican sector. The Russian sector, which has been a bottleneck for many weeks, now is so organized that food trains from the American and British zones in western and southern Gers many are now bringing it good sup- “= plies. 3 Berliners are drawing several ess =

in a Hmited area in the United

lare not anticipated.

« dren. Won't we get an allotment [for him to go to school at least as {much as we have been gefting while {he was in service?

A-No.

ol law,

0| provide more for living expenses.

—By Buford Tune

TAFFY WAS VERY NAUGHTY

AND ITS YOUR TO SOANK HER /

AW, DOTTY == ITs THE

JOB TO SPANK LITTLE GIRL~/

The maximum you will get is $75, according to the present There are several bills pending in congress, however, which may

isential items which they could net obtain in August, using their last | month's ration tickets.

» HANNAH ¢