Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 September 1945 — Page 7

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By HARRY P. BROOKS 1045, Scripps-Howard News. paper Alliance)

WASHINGTON, Sept. 5—~When the atomic bomb . exploded at Nagasaki a ball of fire, .a half mile in diameter, leaped upward “at 30,000 feet 'a minute, A young British officer related here to- {* day. The ball, he said, had a ceiling of about 60,000 feet. At that height, the officer said, the ball expanded in size but rapidly declined in intensity until it became a seething, boiling cloud of lumin~ ous yellow that churned in the sky Yor hours.

The officer was group Captain Geoffrey Leonard Cheshire of the RAF, sometimes called “the most decorated man in the British army.” Captain Cheshire sur- ., Veyed the event, he said, from a * B-20 which flew to the scene in advance of the ‘great artiste,” the B-29 that bore the atomic bomb and dropped it on the Japanese city. The captain's: ship remained above the scene to survey the results. 4 Also in the B-20 was ‘another Englishman, Dr. W. G. Penney, physicist: and mathematician, of London, Young Dr. Penney, the captain recalls, “never lost his | composure and ealmly , continued "| his observations with the detach- | ment of the true scientist. He | showed no surprise at flinding | that the results of the explosion | Were exactly what his previous | calculations had led him to ex- | pect.” | At the moment of the flash, | Capt. Cheshire said, he was less than 20 air miles from the explosion, His B-29, he said, was at | an altitude of nore than 30,000

| ingtan, reporting to British mems= «| bers of the joint chiefs of staff. The Nagasaki bomb, he said, was

previously struck Hiroshima. But it killed fewer people because the

1 WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 5, 1945 y British Witness Saw Atom Blast Shoot Up 60, 000 Feet,

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area it blasted was Jess heavily populated. Capt. Cheshire said he did not know whether the bomb actually hit the ground before exploding. “When it went off,” he said, “we saw a rising cloud of fire of utterly unbelievable intensity. It was

“topped by a wall of fire fully a

half mile in diameter by actual measurement. “It looked as if all the earth below us was being sucked up into the vortex of the fiery column. The very air about it seemed to explode from cataclysmic heat, The phenomenon is simply impossible to visualize; much lgss to “describe. It must be lived through to uderstand. Once it Is seen, it" can never be forgotten.” Capt. Cheshire said ‘he wole specially designed glasses, so dark that “nothing but an atomic explosion ‘would show ' through them,” There was no flak as his B-29 went over Nagasaki, Capt. Che~shire said. There was “no opposition of any kind.” His plane Yook its positiors as witness and stayed there as long as Dr. Penney was making his scientific observations. All of Dr. Penney's findings were not made public, the captain said. Captain Cheshire said he was so deeply impressed by the atomic spectacle that he decided to aban-

| don the study of law, which he

had started at Oxford before the war, and devote the rest of his life to scientific research. “I believe that some day mankind wul .employ atomic energy just as surely and safely as wé now control fire,” he -said. “I should like to help speed that day.” Capt. Cheshire fought as .a bomber. pilot through the battle of Britain in 1940. Later he saw _ service in Burma. Finally he was assigned to the United States on the “Manhattan Project” which led tec the Nagasaki raid and to his presence at that historic moment. :

HS SITS IGNORED FEELER

They Sought Peace Before, Atom Bombing.

(Continued. From Page One) .

in a somber appeal to the Japanese people to admit their downfall and accept “manfully and faithfully and with broad-mindedness,” &ll the allied surrender terms.

(Continued From Page One)

_ HE, INTIENAOLS THES u. Ss. Bares Savage Torture Deaths and mw Wanton Murder in Jap Prison Camps

The humane treatment of war priseners is prescribed in detail in the Geneva convention to Which the U. 8. is a signatory. has never ‘signed but the state department said she has “repeatedly maintained” she was applying it to the treatment of war prisoners, Since the beginning of the war the United States sent a total of 240 protests to Japan about viola-

Japan

®.

machine- gunned prisoners ‘In the sea, fired upon and threw grenades upon those hopelessly trapped in the holds, and, after seizing the! lifeboats for themselves, continued firing upon prisoners struggling in the water , ., . 20 prisoners were recaptured from the sea by the Japanese and taken to another vessel «where they were individually shot and their bodies thrown into the sea.” 150 Burned Alive

The premier and his official spokesmen acknowledged . tacitly they were ready to capitulate when the Potsdam ultimatum was issued and before the first atomic bomb fell upon Hiroshima. The actual surrender was withheld, however, in the hope that Ruse sian mediation would enable them to preserve some shreds of their| stolen empire, Finally, on Aug. 10, the decision to yield unconditionally was reached at an unprecedented dawn meeting of the cabinet.

Benevolence of Emperor

Higashi-Kuyni revealed surprisingly that the .cabinet endorsed the

{which would prejudice the perogative of his majesty as a sovereign ruler.” The spokesmen made no mention fin their statement to the diet that that condition had been “rejected hy the allies and that Hirohito' also would be subject to the orders of Gen, Douglas MacArthur's supreme command. Tasting Cup of Defeat Higashi-Kuni said the “war had been brought to an end “solely through the benevolence of our sovereign” and warned the Japanese people that their duty now lay in “ghsolute obedience-t0-the imperial will.” The government informed the diet that Japan had lost 51,108 out of her 62,795—or five out of every six—planes and 684 out of her 1217 warships during the war. None of her 12 battleships is sea-

worthy and only two of her 25 air-

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oratt carriers are “actually capable | of navigation,” the government said. ‘Unpardonable Stupidity’ Higashi-Kuni said the causes |of Japan's defeat were 80 numerous {that “all we.can do is to appeal to {his imperial magnanimity to pardon our unpardonable stupidity.” “There is little use in going back to the past and trying to put the blame on one person or another,” he said.

of the whole nation. No doubt we

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committed mistakes, Our methods | were faulty in not a few respects, nor can it be said that our efforts were always exerted in the. right direction.” ,

SETTLE WITH OPA IN PRIGE VIOLATIONS

Several alleged violators of price and rationing regulations have | made “settlenients with the Indiana district OPA. | Included in the group were Red { Gables restaurant, 1610 Lafayette 'do.; Ben Ellis, 1531 Madison ave.; Atlas Super-market, 4401 E, New York st.; Cotty service station, 4107 | Madison ave.; Spradling auto serv-

ice, 5498 Brookville rd.; Roy's serv- | ice station, 5201 Madison ave.; | Dick's Marathon service, 1231 8,

“General repentance is demanded

YOKOHAMA, Sept. 5 (U, P.). —An American task force evacuated 895 American and allied prisoners from the Hamamatsu area, 125 miles ‘southeast of Tokyo, today aftef a fast dash down the Honshu coast. The prisoners. were taken aboard the hospital ship Rescue, which was escorted for the occasion by destroyer. escorts, More than 2300 other prisoners had been evacuated previously from the Tokyo area,

The “brutal massacre” of 150 American prisoners in a gigantic gasaline bonfire occurred on Dec. 14, 1044, at Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippine islands, Here is the state department's story of that affair: « “At noon of "that day the prisoners who had beén detailed to work on a nearby airfield were recalled to camp. Following upon a series of alr raid alarms the Japanese guards forced the prisoners into air raid shelters within the *lecamp compound. The shelters were tunnels some 75 feet long with

tions of the prisoner of war con~ vention, but with little effect ypon surrender only on condition that “it| japanese authorities. {would not comprise any demandigent on June 8 last and revealed that civilian internees in Shanghai were “in grave danger of starvation.”

Names Obtained Secretary of State

He promise

The state department

to tell their stories

held by

sentative. Practically nothing,

Japan.

The last was

James F. Myrnes described the release as “not a pleasant story.” that the perpetrators of tortures and massacres of Americans would be dealt with by properly constituted authorities. filled with names of Japanese responsible for the atrocities,

The reports are

release said the “full account” of Japanese barbarities would not be revealed {nti thre men, women and-children who survived captivity return home

The. report revealed that nearly 10,000 American prisoners were thé Japanese in camps never visited by a neutral repre-

said, was known of the whereaboutg or welfare of American airmen who were shot down in action over

openings at each end, “Ahout 2 o'clock In the afternoon 50 to 60 Japanese guards armed with rifles and machine guns and carrying buckets of gasoline and lighted torches, approached the shelter. : They emptied the gasoline into the openings of the tunnels and hurled ‘the blazing torches after it. 2 d Violent Explosions “Violent explosions followed, The victims, enveloped in flames and screaming in agony, swarmed from the shelters only to be mowed down by machine guns or attacked with bayonets, In order to insure that no living prisoners remained in the shelters, the guards fired the tunnels with.dynamite charges. “About 40 prisoners succeeded in escaping from. the compound by

cliff onto the beach below. Lande ing barges patrolling the bay and sentries on the shore fired upon them. ‘Many, moaning in agony, were buried alive by their captors. it| “One who had reached the water and struck out to sea was recaptured and brought back to land where Japanese soldiers, prodding

{forced to kneel for long periods with

throwing themselves over a “50-1000

walk along the beach. A Japanese guard poured gasoline upon the prisoner's foot and set fire to fit. “Ignoring his entreaties that he be shot the Japanese soldiers de-

and to both his hands. They mocked and derided him in his suffering and then bayoneted him until he collapsed. Thereupon, they poured gasoline over his body and watched the flames devour him.” i Other Charges Other. charges contained in the report: : 1, Prisoners in the Philippines were deprived of their shoes and forced to work Dareloced on sharp coral, 2. On one occasion prisoners were

their shinbones on .the sharp edge of railroad tracks and afterward compelled to run barefooted on sharp coral gravel, 3. Latrines were located where they polluted wells from which prisoners’ drinking water was drawn, 4, Four American civilians—Corroll -Calkins Grinnell, Alfred Francis Duggleby, Ernest Emil Johnson and Olifford Lawrence Larson were “murdered” at Santo Tomas internment camp at Manila. They were. arrested on still unrevealed charges and their bodies found later with 10. unidentified corpses. 5.. George J. Louis was “wantonly murdered” at Los Banos internment camp, Philippines; He was shot, but not fatally, by the Japanese when he left camp to purchase food, Internees appealed that Louis be moved to the camp hospital but the camp commandant, a Major Iwanaka, informed them that Louis’ execution must be completed since he had ordered the guards to shoot “until they kill” persons violating camp boundaries. Louis, still alive, was shot through the head-—action which --the- state department . described as “summary and cold blooded execution.”

Puerto Princesa: Prisoners’ arms broken when they picked “forbidden” papaya from tree whose branches hung within camp compound. . . . Bolling tea thrown at prisoner when he complained of

liberately set fire to his other foot|’

6. Actions by Japanese guards at

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(Continued From Page One)

A special showmanship prize was awarded Phyllis Gardner, Connersville, with Walter Carter of Orleans second and Mary Ruth Shaffer of Portland third. A new attendance record of 30,000

paid admissions is predicted for this

year's fair, more than twice as large as last year's attendance, fair officials said. The Labor day crowd alone totalled 18,980, yesterday 7472 people passed the turnstiles. When the fair closes tonight with the hippodrome perférmance in the Coliseum, Indiana 4-H'ers will have proved again they can always break achievement records — even their

own,

Might Help to Ki All Japs—M'Cain

"PEARL HARBOR, Sept. § (Uh P.)~Vice Adm. John 8. McUaift, commander of famous task forca’ 38, declared the Japanese ‘are not half-Jjcked” and suggested drastic remedies to correct thes

situation,

McCain on his return from sure tender ceremonies in Tokyo pay. : sald bluntly yesterday it might help to “kill them all painfully short of _ being accused of tors

ture.”

He said that Japanese onclall; who signed the formal surrender’ terms Sunday aboard the U. 8; 8 Missouri looked at American offi. cers “the way a man measures. 3 you when he’s going to’ hit you re.

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him with bayonets, forced him to

food,

ing, filthy shelters, virtual lack of

Starvation, disease, lack of clothe

sanitary facilities, no medical ald and Japanese theft of even meager medical /supplies , , Jhese were commonplace. U. 8. Flier ‘Beheaded

More shocking are the details of the decapitation in New Guinea of an American flier, Here is the record of that incident as cabled | to Japan in a protest through the | Swiss government: “The government of the U. 8. is received conclusive-evidence of the torture and decapitation of an (unnamed) American airman cape tured by the Japanese in the Aitape area . , . on March 23, 1044. “He was taken captive about 9 a. m. , .. the Japanese . , . bound] his hands behind his back and com~ menced beating him with sticks. This beating continued until the afternoon of March 23 at Which time the prisoner was taken to the quarters of the Aitape garrison commander, Kurita, at Korako vil-

lage, Here beating was resumed |§- and continued throughout the] night,

“At T o'clock the following morning the prisoner was taken back to the place of capture by Lt. Kosaku Seto and a Japanese civilian named Inouye. There the | American was again subjected” to

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relentless beating until 3 o'clock in the afternoon at which time he was decapitated by Inouye with six slashes of the saber. ; “The-loud shouts of joy which emanated from the Japanese troops during the torture of the American filer indicate the sadistic character of his tormentors and executioners.”

Grenaded Prisoners

Another display of barbarism was was the grenading of 750 Americans) aboard a prison ship in the Philip. pines in "August, 1944. The mén were crowded into fwo holds so small that none was able to lie down. It was barely possible for any to sit. Here are the details of their torturous journéy: “The hatches were almost continuously battened down. , . . Ap~ peals that more air be admitted to the holds were maliciously ignored. . Drinking was grossly insufficient and the prisoneis' rations were at starvation level. . , . The prisoners were confined under these conditions for 15 consecutive days... “At Zamboanga the prisoners were transferred to another ship|

intolerable, . , . On Bept..7 (the | ship) was torpedoed and sunk. ,. . | “The behavior of the Japanese officers after the vessel was tor- | pedoed was savage. , , , The guards:

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