Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 28 August 1945 — Page 14
REFLECTIONS—
PAGE 14 Tuesday, Aug. 28, 1945
. ROY W. HOWARD WALTER LECKRONE
t Business Manager
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TRUMAN CRACKS DOWN ABROAD
PRESIDENT TRUMAN is one of the smilingest men ever to grace the White House—and one of the firmest. That confused a lot of the home folks, who couldn't make up their minds at first whether he was soft or hard. They soon learned that he makes difficult decisions with surprising speed and, when necessary, can be plenty tough. Other nations only now are beginning to wake up-to that. They got a taste of it when United States policy suddenly stiffened during the San Francisco conference. Our British and Russian allies discovered it when he moved in frank and fast as chairman of the Big Three Potsdam ‘meeting. But the past week was rather a record-breaker in firm foreign policy even for Mr. Truman. In several cases where smiles and patience had accomplished nothing, he cracked down. He had pleaded for representative government in the liberated areas of eastern Europe, as agreed at Yalta and Potsdam. Nothing happened. Then Russia’s puppet regime in Bulgaria defiantly announced that it would hold an election at once with only one ticket—its own, President Truman promptly instructed Secretary Byrnes to announce that the United States would not recognize the results of such a phony election, and Britain followed suit. Sofia and Moscow yelled “foreign interference.” But, when they saw that the President meant business, they called off the young.
GQIMILAR ®reslia were achieved when “iis President got '™ hard about the long delays of Bulgaria and Poland over admitting American press correspondents—and they are now going in.
RILEY 5551
re Indianapolis Times
HENRY W. MANZ.
By Douglas Larsen
WASHINGTON, Aug. 28.—Women have made permanent inroads in practically every business and profession during the war, except as doctors, according to a report by Women's Bureau of the Department of Labor. It takes about one doctor per thousand civilians to meet average needs. It takes a little more than six to. care for the needs of men in uniform. The obvious reason for the doctor shortage during the war is that 10,000,000 of the population needed six times as much doctor care. Increased industrial activity also created a greater need for doctors. In spite of this increased opportunity, the number of women who elected to become doctors has remained fairly static. The report shows that in 1941 there were 1146 women students in approved medical schools and in 1944, 1176.
It Takes Too Long, Costs Too Much
HERE are some of the reasons given by the report: Length of the training program for medicine as compared with other professions is of itself a deterrent to many women, since it not only increases the total cost to the student but also postpones the date at which she can begin to earn, “Before the war, an estimate of $1000 a year was considered a conservative allowance for a medical education budget for a single year; $1200 is a safer allowance now. Since the war, tuition rates as well as other expenses have increased. The average tuition fee for medical schools in 1943 was $409 as compared with $378 in 1940. The charge at the Woman's Medical College in Philadelphia is $500.” Compared with men, women haven't done too well financially in the medical profession. For all physiglans, the average net income in 1941 was $5179. Half the physicians netted less than $4000 and 13 per cent earned more than $10,000 in that year, According to the National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, the average woman physician among its membership earned $3000 in 1942. Women haven't crashed the lucrative business of becoming specialists as much as men. Five per cent of all women physicians are qualified specialists, compared with 8 per cent for men. Women tend toward specializing in children's diseases and in psychiatry and neurology. It is easier for women to obtain proper training in these fields than in general surgery, for ‘instance. Highest ratio of women doctors is in the West. Lowest is in the South.
The Services Were Hard to Convince WOMEN HAD a tough time in convincing the Army and Navy they could be useful to the service in uniform. In 1944, 75 were commissioned officers in the Army, 38 in the Navy, and 20 in the Public Health Service, The report shows more opportunity for medical training is gradually opening up for women. But
‘Women in Medicine
That s the Tro
ONCE ONE GETS STARTED —
ON A BUSINESS
uble With Leaning Too Heavily
Hoosier
“LET'S CONSIDER WHICH WAY WE ARE HEADING”
By C.D. C., Indianapolis The war is over, at least officially,
British officials had failed to negotiate peacetime sub- | hospitals, it claims, have been less willing to offer |anq jt seems to me to be a good
stitutes for lend-lease, in hope that the wartime flow of American aid would continue, The President cut it off. Prime Minister Attlee and Opposition Leader Churchill joined in bitter attacks on his action. But that didn’t move him—so now they are rushing officials to Washington to help lay the foundation for Anglo-American peacetime economic relations, which should have been completed months ago. © Down in Argentina the pro-Nazi dictatorship has been breaking the reform pledges on which it was accepted into the United Nations, and generally giving Uncle Sam the double-cross. So President Truman ordered his ambassador in Buenos Aires back to Washington to be assistant secretary of state. That is a twin blow: A warning of a break in relations unless conditions improve, and—as Ambassador Braden said bluntly—a better opportunity for him to | Cearty out bpposttion to: GouvmGealing-Avgontine. fascism...
President Truman is no miracle. man-but; for a plod-|
ding sort of fellow he seems to be’ getting things done in the diplomatic field.
"HUMAN NATURE, PREFERRED
FEW MONTHS after William Hallicy, New Jersey nurseryman, joined the Seabees in February, 1942, a brush fire swept his four-acre plot. When he went home the other day after being discharged he found his nursery was nothing but weeds and charred trees. Nurseryman Hallicy figured it would take him eight years to grow salable " stock from seedlings. He was planning to raise chickens and turkeys until his nursery could produce again, But Nurseryman Hallicy had not figured on his neighborhood competitors. Members of the North Jersey Nurseryman’s Association got together and agreed that “a man who was good enough to sacrifice his business to fight the Japs deserved a new start.” : Unannounced, they appeared at the Hallicy home with $2500 worth of small trees in 15 trucks. With tractor, plow - and spades they cleared the plot and set out the trees. In
a few hours, the Hallicy nursery was right back in busi- |-
ness. - Neighbor Hallicy stared and gulped. managed to pull himself together and serve beer. nothing could wash down the lump in his throat. We understand the lump in the Hallicy throat, We're getting one of our own, just thinking about his neighbors. Makes us want to go right out and buy a big block of stock in human nature, common and preferred.
He finally But
JAPANESE-AMERICAN HEROES WHEN our troops in northern Italy march on V-J day, 3000 Japanese-American veterans will lead the parade. The Nisei troops are accustomed to be out in front in battle, so the army command decided they had earned that position in the peace celebration. They forced open the mountain Darrier to-Strasbourg. They rescued from the. Germans the famous lost battalion-of the 36th Infantry. Their unit casualties during the war were three times | as large as their original battle strength. Their AWOL | record was phenomenally low—of the total of six, half skipped hospital beds to slip back into combat. In the V-J day march they will carry their battle flag with its four unit combat citations, three of them presidential awards. Their fellow-Americans of the 168th Infantry Regiment stationed nearby have sent these Nisei of the 100th Battalion and 442d Infantry Regiment a document of appreciation for their “heroic and meritorious achievements,” and a pledge of help during the readjustment period back home. May that friendly help not be needed when these Nisei are welcomed back to their America and ours.
-
THE JOBS ARE THERE
WE insist again that those Washington experts who see vast unemployment in our country’s immediate future "are wearing fright wigs. For one thing, Cincinnati, O., reports one of its small sub-contracting war plants reconverted in 10 minutes. The only employee who even knew of the shift was the bookkeeper: The rest of the crew went right on slicing sheets of steel. The slides fit peace machinery as neatly as they did war machinery, We'll venture | a small sum that there are a number of establishments here, so So os with continuing work that they the tha bogey man.
residences to them. This, in spite of the fact that the number of residences has trebled since 1927. The report says more women doctors marry than the average of other professional women. In 1940 alf of the women doctors were single, one-third were married, one-seventh were widowed or divorced. In the same year two-thirds of all women in other professional and semi-professional work were reported single, The- average woman physician is younger than men physicians with an average age of 41.3 years compared with 44.1 for male doctors. As a result of the stepped-up training of male doctors by Army and Navy, there has been a fear expressed that the field will be over-crowded and women will be completely ousted. - But surveys reveal that there never has been a time when all the medical needs of the population have been met,
WORLD AFFAIRS—
Fatr=Troaby: By William Philip Simms
WASHINGTON, Aug. 28~—The newly - negotiated Soviet - Chinese pact made public Sunday in Chungking, is widely regarded here as a surprising but welcome _ developMars believed Moscow would drive a harder
ment, bargain, Russia not only goes on record as fully respecting the political and territorial integrity of China (as China .does to Russia), but binds" herself to give moral and material support to the central government at Chungking. There is to be no interference by either in the internal affairs of the other. If this means anything at all, it means that Russia disowns the Chinese Communists, leaving Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek a free hand to deal with them in his own way. Moscow recognizes China's full right to sovereignty in Manchuria and Sinkiang, hitherto doubtful points. Outer Mongolia, however, which declared itself- an independent Soviet republic about 25 years ago, will have a plebiscite which, under existing conditions, means she will remain under Russian domination.
They Share the Railroads THE CHINESE Eastern and South Manchuria railways are to be under joint Chinese-Russian management, China to furnish the railway guards. After 30 years the railways revert to China. Branch lines will resume Chinese ownership immediately. Dairen, in South Manchuria, becomes a free port under joint control, while a few miles away Port Arthur, “once a Russian naval base, will now become a joint naval base for the use of Chinese as well as Russians, The status of Korea, I am reliably informed, has in no wise been changed. It still conforms in so far as China is concerned, at least, with the American-British-Chinese pronouncement of Cairo. The Chungking regime is known to be eager to come to terms with the Chinese Communists. Twice since Premier T. V. Soong went to Moscow, Generalissimo Chiang has appealed to the Red leader, Mao Tse-tung, to meet him at a conference. .Only now, however, has Mao shown signs of complying. In a message to the generalissimo yesterday, Mao indicated “that he would soon—appear—in—€Chungking— Mean. while he is sending a 4epULs. This looks like the | pact's first fruit.
Chiang Extends a Welcome IT CAN be stated on excellent authority that the generalissimo is prepared to take the Communists into his government. But, it is said, two things are indispensable, One is that the Communist army takes | its proper place within the national army and permit the removal of the perpetual threat of civil war, Condition No. 2 is that the Communists must not. insist on such key portfolios in the reorganized cabinet that they can wreck the government any time they wish merely by. withdrawing. The new Sino-Soviet treaty makes Russia a de facto signatory to the nine-power pact of Washington, signed in 1922, At that time the U, 8, Britain, France and other nations pledged themselves: (1) To respect the sovereignty, the Independence and the territorial and administrative integrity of China; (2) To provide the fullest and most unembarrassed opportunity to China to develop and maintain for herself an effective and stable government. Russia was not a party to that treaty. She herself was in the throes of revolution, Today, through the new pact, she pledges herself to respect China's politi~ cal and territorial sovereignty without which there can be no lasting peace in the Orient.
To The Point— SUGAR rationing hasn't stopped peace from mak-
ing these days mighty sweey ones, NOTHING makes your frends bark id you uisker
|
id Ios wise a op.
time to stop and consider and see if possible which way we are head-
ing. In the first place let none of us have any delusions about this atomic bomb. It is not going to prevent wars but is going to make wars more horrible, Atomic power itself may either become a curse or a blessing, That depends of course whether it is exploited for the benefit of a few or is given to all humanity. And let us explode for once and all the myth that we are a great peace-loving nation. Of course I| love peace and so do my neighbors. | Nevertheless, we follow any leader who takes us into war whether we | believe in the war or not and it is the same in all other countries. The facts are these: We live in a| that has natural -defense 76.088 ap: ocean on each sige g yet we have had more wars since our nation was founded in 1775 than any other nation on the face of the globe. And for once and all let us remind ourselves that cartels are not operated on a two-way street. The Americans that did busifiess with the Germans in cartels were equally guilty with the Germans. And let none imagine that Switzerland manages to stay out of these wars because she is a democracy and has universal military training. The International Bank in Switzerland, where both friends and foes can do business as usual in war as well as peacetime, is better protection than all the armies in Europe. And let us quit kidding ourselves
senses. England is almost as im-
labor government. Likewise the French, Dutch and the other European countries which have been the victims themselves of Nazi imperialism. Furthermore we “have made - promises and commitments
corners of the earth on a scale 80 vast it staggers the human imagi~ Hation. ' Our obligations respect “have become ‘so gigantic there is no way of turning back and in only a short time we are likely to become. the most hated and most feared nation in all the world, And don’t think for a minute that Uncle Joe Stalin doesn’t know this is one world and the kind he visualizes is a Communist one, Further.
about our allies and come to our
perialistic as ever even with aer
Poth open and implied to the four
in this
“I wholly disagree with what you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it.”
“IF WE WERE READY FOE WOULD NOT HAVE ATTACKED” By a Service Sister, Indianapolis I read tonight an article by James J. Cullings that made me really see red. It is such people as this person, who I am sure con- | siders himself an adviser on mili- | tary rules, who sit home doing ab3 solutely nothing but sitting. Sitting | and thinking up and writing such drivel as he just has tonight. America is known widely as a peace loving nation and as far as politics, we do better than any other nation in the world, so when he talks of drafting and getting war, he is plain nuts. If the® ¥nited States had been prepared before by having young men trained, we would not have been attacked this time. Read your paper, Mr. Cullings, and you should be able to read by now, where Germany and Italy both sfated if they had really
Forum
(Times readers are invited to express their views in these columns, religious controversies excluded. Because of the volume received, le%ters should be limited to 250 words, Letters must be signed. Opinions set forth here are those of the writers, and publication in no way implies agreement with those opinions 5 The Times. The Times assumes no responsibility for the return of manuscripts and cannot enter correspondence regarding them.)
more, is he taking plenty of steps |right now to see that as much of |Burope and Asia as possible is going | {to be Communist. Lincoln once said, “A nation caninot- survive half slave and half {free.” The question is going to
{be- will a world survive, half Com7. and half Capitalistic. It
lity | could, but wil} it? in Chita Bantams stance if there is a civil war: between the Communist and Capitalistic forces. Will Russia take sides or will we take sides. And suppose the Chinese Communists if victorious would demand that Britain return Hong Kong to China. And hundreds of questions such as these are already in tlie making. It seems to me we are going to need | half years and overseas three full plenty of faith in God and at the years, and not once has he ever same time keep our powder dry if heen home. Don't you think he we expect to survive. wants to see his wife and his son iy play, go to school and his parents “1 THINK IT'S TIME that may not live very long? He TIME 18 CHANGED” isn't the only one.: There are thouBy Mrs, Opal Ruth, Camb sands like him who have served Since the Hoosier Forum is a|their country and saved men like column for the ordinary, everyday You and since the war is over it is citizen to air his likes and dislikes, Hue they Vere WING heme Bu Ta ltks very much to put In my two of “this nation might ruin their cents worth, My gripe (along with lives, * But what shout his? No others) is this time situation. I} | that ts 1 thi ) think it's. high time it's changed! We| “2% COU0'S or ROSIE: live in the country and our children| Sit down and really think. Put| ride the school bus to school. In the Jourselt is the Place of these Soy winter time it's practically dark | “PH i 0ys who have given three when they leave for school. The bus| our years of their lives and) comes at 7:45 a. m. (which really is Dealth, and see if you wouldn't like’ 6:45). Pray tell me -what mother | 0, 8¢t home, Jeo . 80|{ wants to get her children up at 8|, _ o'clock in order for them to get| YORGIVE OUR CLAIMS THAT ready for school. . An hours| WE WON THE WAR" difference makes it hard when it 18 py Helen HW. Long, Columbus terribly cold. It's bad enough for| I speak to you, the dead, -the the men to go to their work at 6|m,ang1eq. the tortured of other couna. m, (which really is 5 a. m.). wies, Tle Greeks who ate. zrass
I for one don’t like it. It was okay while we were at war, but now that|and bark and fell helpless of starvation in Athens; the Greeks who,
the war 1s over, I say let's change the time back. What do some Of | after the British had fled, combined valiantly to harass the Germans
you other mothers think? Let's hear from Grecian mountains, and men
fight they would never have started Ad we on a ¥ : 5d . he ¥ricw We were not + “prepared, both in military man training or supplies I have a brother that would like to see the “good old states” again, ! but by your calculations he wouldn't | get the chance—and why? Because you didn’t enlist on the volunteer system and give him the chance. He has been in service three and one-
4 |
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{
Carnival —By Dick Turner
from you, were shot down in liberated Greece as “Communists.” And to the Rus-
|
sians who suffered unspeakable tortures and died by the millions. To you I speak . , . ves the magnifi- | ‘cent Russians who turned back the Nazi tide when England was weak and America unprepared. To the English who™ carried ‘on through bombing that killed or - wounded 144,000 civilians; to the middle Europeans sacrificed by England and -America to the first hungry bites of naziism. I speak to France, so long occupied and devitalized by the Germans; to Ethiopia, flung like a bone to Mussolini; to the Australians who fed our American troops; to the Chinese laborers hacking out our air fields and roads with hoes, even your children patiently - breaking stones; to all of you I speak, humbly and apologetically, for the brashness and pomposity of suoh Americans as proclaim “we alone won the war.” Forgive us, please, We are a young pation and like a teen-age boy, strong, and uncouth in our strength, But someday we, too, will be old and tired. Will you view us compassionately then?
DAILY THOUGHT For the flesh lusteth aguinst the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that ye caginot do the things that ye would~~Galatisns 8:17.
DUTY requires we calmly wt
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|POLITICS—
‘|Lend-Lease By Charles T. Lucey
WASHINGTON, Aug. 28.—Although the late President Roosevelt
‘saw the lend-lease program as a §
“gentleman’s obligation to repay in kind,” officials here "believe most of the $41 billion it cost will never come back. There was reverse lend-lease, of course, built on aid given this country by the allies during’ the war, It totaled about 5% billions, or one-eighth of what U. 8. taxpayers put up. . Little has been said about repayment in all the discussion attending President Truman's order discontinuing lend-lease. In England, where a furor of resentment resulted, neither Prime Minister Attlee nor Winston Churchill mentioned it in their statee ments in ons. One responsible official here pointed out that the British resentment at taking over supplies in the . lend-lease pipeline and in process of manufacture on a favorable long-term loan basis indicated that they had regarded lend-lease as a clear grant, He said he thought the nations receiving this help did not intend to repay. He predicted there would be debate for many years over repayment of aid given.
Congress Is Interested
CONGRESSIONAL LEADERS say there will be questions about lend-lease when congress reconvenes, Some officials raise a question of the wisdom of pressing for lend-lease repayment when England and other nations which have received aid from us are faced with tremendous difficulty in re-establishing their economic life. The rumpus over lend-lease discontinuance hag recalled how Mr. Roosevelt first discussed it at a press conference in December, 1940. The President said he believed that what helped the British to defend themselves helped this country also. So, he said, we should do everything to help the British, But he didn't want this aid to be measured in dollars. What he was trying to do, he said, was to eliminate the\dollar sign. He said that was brand new in most thinking, but that he wanted to get rid of what he called the “silly, foolish old dollar sign.” He then developed the famous analogy of the aid he would give to a neighbor whose house was afire, Suppose, said Mr. Roosevelt, that he had 400 or 500 feet of garden hose that would help extinguish the fire. Before providing the hose, sald Mr. Roosevelt, he would not demand that hé neighbor pay him the $15 it cost. The President said he didn’t want the $15—he wanted the hose back after the fire was over. If i§ went through the fire intact the neighbor would ree turn it with thanks, he remarked. But if it was dame aged, it would be up to the neighbor to repair the damage.
FDR Expected to Get It Back
IF YOU lend certain munitions and get them back at the end of the war you're all right, said Mr. Roose« velt., If they had been damaged or deteriorated, he added, it seemed to him that you came out pretty well if they are replaced by the borrower. The President visualized an arrangement under which after the war we would get repaid sometime in kind, thereby leaving out the dollar mark in the form of dollar debt gnd substituting for it a gonilew man's obligation to repay in kind. Mr, Roosevelt did not favor simply lending money to Great Britain to be spent over here, and charactere ized that method as somewhat banal. The lend-lease agreement with Britain provides that England will return to this country “such de< fense articles transfererd under this agreement as shall not have been destroyed, lost or consumed” and as shall be determined by the President to be useful to this country or its defense. All the build-up language notwithstanding, the chance of repayment from most of the allies is ree garded as slight. There's ground for belief that many people already have written it off in victory, . A
: ne 5
Job Tra ining
By Roger W. Stuart
WASHINGTON, Aug. 28.—Voca- & tional experts are concerned about § the type of training which is being given many returned veterans and newly-unemployed war workers, Millions of industrial employees, they fe.., aren’$ going to have the proper fraining to hold good jobs, Moreover, the experts are worried lest ex-servicemen be steered into unsuitable jobs by incompetent voca= tional advisors. “We're not blasting at anybody in particular,” dee clared L. H. Dennis, executive secretary of the Amerie can Vocational Association, Ine, in announcing the appointment of a special] committee to promote more effective guidance services and thorough training im the nation's 3800 occupational training centers. “We simply want,” he said, “to see that as good a job is done for the post-war era as was accomplished for the war.” More than 11,000,000 persons were trained for war production, including agriculture, in public vocational schools, Mr. Dennis recalled. This, he asserted, “was in my opinion, the basis of our war success. We had to have competént workmen. We trained them in-amazingly short order—a much shorter time than was believed possible.” !
Need More Training Now
NOW, HOWEVER, he said, ‘the situation is quite different, Many persons before the war took twow year courses to become skilled mechanics, Later, with the emphasis on speed, these courses often were broken down into specialized classes with students taking brief courses in any one of various phases. “That,” he said, “was all right then. But now mechanics will be required in a great many plants who can perform a variety of tasks. The short, high ly specialized courses will not be enough,” As for veterans’ counselling services, according to Mr. Dennis, the vocational association has learned that hasty, ill-advised counselling already has sent some ex-servicemen into work for _Which they were unfitted. “Businesslike, understandable interviews conducted by competent advisors-are more necessary than ever,” he declared. The new committee on occupational training for veterans headed by John A, McCarthy, of Elizae beth, N. J. state director of vocational education in New Jersey.
Training Quality Is Stressed
A STATEMENT issued by the committee, which Mr. Dennis made public today, asserted that em ployment-seeking war veterans in particular ‘will ree quire intelligent interviews by trained and experienced counsellors, This service, it addéd, “cannot be given by persons, however well-meaning and sympa who have had only a ‘shot~in-the-arm’ course counselling.” «Among recommendations the committee makes these:
Vocational! educators must modify their proced and give immediate concern to the quality of th training being given veterans both in classroom in striiction and on-the-job training. A closer relationship must be developed amo the schools, industry and labor, to furnish veteran with the job proficiency which. they expect to get. Teaching methods and aids should be reviewed made “more effective and serviceable” This m necessitate some new courses and -modification others. Any acceferation or short-cuts "which would Je only to incompetence” must not be Soletied. “The vocational needs of veterans, the concluded, “are' no different from the ‘needs of 8 other adult, But the immediacy of their need, h
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