Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 August 1945 — Page 18
The Indianapolis Times PAGE 18 . Thursday, Aug. 16, 1945
WALTER LECKRONE HENRY W. MANZ Editor Business Manager
(A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER)
ROY W, HOWARD President
oi
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Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way
BETWEEN WAR AND PEACE
URRENDER does not end our military task in Japan and There is still occupation. It is a nasty job, But it is necessary. Indeed, it is
Germany. a hard and long one. the payoff. Successful occupation can help complete the victory which today ‘is only tentative. Failure to achieve our purpose in the occupation would mean we had not won the, war, but merely a truce. Then we or our sons would have to go through another world conflict in which there could
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be no real victor. For an atomic war, as the next would be, could destroy the winner with the loser. The fruits of victory then would be the dust of a civilization blown to bits by legal bombs and machines it could invent but not control. These are not pleasant thoughts in the days of rejoicing over Jap surrender. But théy are very much on the minds now of our military and dipolmatic leaders, who are struggling with occupation problems. And this job of policing Japan and Germany weighs heavily today on several million Americans in uniform who cannot be released from armed service because of it. For them and their waiting families this is only a morning twilight, in which the worst dangers of war garkness are past but the full dawn of peace is impatiently postponed until the day of home-coming and reunion. =" s
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WE TRUST that our statesmen, and military chiefs and troops will achieve this interim task between war and peace, as they succeeded in forcing unconditional surrender of our enemies. The same intelligence and tenacity, the same organizing ability, the same capacity to meet emergencies, the same self-discipline and courage, the same combination of tough strength and human decency which made them the greatest battle forces of liberation the world has ever known, should make them the most effective armies of occupation. The profoundest paradox and happiest omen of our battle victory has been the defeat of military dictatorships by peaceful nations, of professional legions by citizens’ armies. Americans who hated to fight licked those who glorified war. Americans fought better because they wanted so much to get it over and done with. Likewise, American distaste for the job of policing defeated peoples can be a strength instead of weakness. The fact that the American does not want to rule over others as a conqueror can be‘the very thing that makes our occupation armies constructively successful. . Just because the American soldier does not desire to enslave Japanese and | Germans but to enforce peace, for them as well as for his country and the world, he should make the best cop. Anyway, it is a job that must be done. So let us’ get on with it in confidence and hope.
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FACE PEACE WITH COURAGE NAMED government “economists,” to whom our com-
N U plex: national life is but a series of graphs and charts, are predicting as many as 7 million unemployed by Christmas. And Sidney Hillman, the lungs of the C. I.-0., raises | the ante to 8 to 10 million jobless within six or eight weeks, and calls this the same kind of emergency we had in 1933. Why should that be? Answer is, it shouldn't, and ~ probably won't. Some of these same prophets predicted
Sham Fades
By James Thrasher
PRESIDENT TRUMAN took cognizance of his small and inter dependent world when he , hounced that ‘we shall maintain and acquire such military bases as are necessary for our future defense. Following and clarifying as it did the, President's disavowal of territorial ambition, this statement also served notice that America has learned at least one great lesson from this war, and that the false security that dominated our thinking in the 1930s has been dispelled. We can never again think of our oceans as impregnable bastions against invasion. And we can never again feel safe if any potential warmaker, however remote, finds inadequate foreign defenses along his borders. It seemed of no immediate concern to the ordinary American of 1936 when Hitler marched his troops into the Rhineland. But if the invading Germans had been met there by French guns and determined French’ courage, there might have been no European war and possibly no Pearl Harbor attack.
Determined Against War
TO MANY Americans of 1939 it was a source of positive pride that our armed forces were inadequate and our air force infinitesimal. We were determined not to be dragged into any European war—which was a blameless, though hopeless, determination, But we somehow thought that we could discourage attack by being ill-armed and ill-defended, and that by strengthening ourselves we should invite aggression. The rocket, the jet plane, and now: the atomic bomb have changed all that. Iwo and Okinawa have become first lines of defense, not only for the Amercan mainland, but for the peace of the world. The decision to maintain these and other islands as military bases is the first step toward future military security. The second is to maintain them adequately, And that step is up to congress.
Where Congress Stumbled
THAT IS where congress stumbled badly iii the years between the wars. With their heads burrowed comfortably in the topsoil of Capitol Hill, succeeding generations of‘ congressmen cut and withheld military appropriations until, in spite of pleas from the army and navy, our farthest Pacific outposts became feeble and impotent. This is not likely to hapen again. For advancing science can scarcely have failed to convince even the most isolation-minded legislator that distance no longer means safety in this shrinking world.
WORLD AFFAIRS— New Asia By Wm. Philip Simms
WASHINGTON, Aug. 16—V-J day may find China escaping from one frying pan into another just as V-E day found Poland. After world war I, China's area comprised more. than 5,000,000 square miles, or nearly twice that of the United States. Included, of course, were the dependencies of Mongolia, Mane« churia, Tibet and Chinese Turkeston. By the time this war is finally liquidated, she may have lost approximately half that territory—Mongolia, Manchuria, Sinkiang (Chinese Turkeston) ‘and Tibet —and China proper may be divided into two parts; Red China and the China of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. Outer Mongolia already is a Soviet dependency, Moscow may ask Chungking to make this official. Korea seems destined to regain her “independence,” but under Russian influence, and the Russian occue pation of Manchuria is likely to ‘end in a similar “independent” status for that country. Tibet has been drifting toward the British sphere of influence and Sinkiang toward the Russian. In China proper, native Communists hold Ningsia, Kansu and Shensi. These provinces adjoin on the west, Outer Mongolia on the north and Inner Mongolia on the east. Inner Mongolia nestles in betweeri Red China and Russian-oc¢cupied Manchuria.
Russians Seek Buffers
RUSSIA'S interests in the Far East closely parallel her interests in Europe. In hoth cases they are strategic, political, economic and ideological. When the peace treaties are finally signed, she intends to have functioning a chain of buffer states—along her southern border—a cordon sanitaire of her own—stretching all the way from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Back in the early 'twenties, Russia was extremely active in China. Since then, she has been too busy nearer home to press her case over China's strong resistance. But the end of world war IT leaves her so powerful, and China so weakened, that she can resume, if she so desires, her activities in'the Orient. The Chinese communists have their own government, their own army under its own officers, and
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mass joblessness and niisery after Pearl Harbor when in- | dustries shifted from peace to war. But the shift was so | fast that very few workers had time out to apply for unemployment compensation. There is no good reason why the shift from war to | peace can’t be almost as rapid. In the weeks ahead there will be considerable churning around and temporary unemployment in the country, | while industries shift from one line of production to an- | other, and workers from one job to another, with a few | days off to celebrate, visit the home folks and go fishing. If that period is anything more than brief and transitional, it can be only beca@tse artificial barriers are | maintained to slow down the changeover. We shall have all it takes in" this country for an “adventure in prosperity.” We have a vast productive plant. We have great numbers of skilled workers who know how to produce the goods of peace with the same efficiency as they produced the munitions of war. We have vast aggregations of idle capital, great reservoirs of consumer needs and purchasing power.
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THE STEEL mills are going full blast. Instead of | rolling steel sheets for war goods, they can roll them for | peace goods—for automobiles, refrigerators, stoves and | the many other thifigs consumers have been so long denied | "and now have the money to buy. True, there will be bottlenecks. There were always bottlenecks in war production, but the country kept going. The biggest difficulty will be in sweeping aside wartime | regulations to permit peacetime industrys and commerce
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to resume.
Some government restrictions for a time will be necessary to prevent inflation, but we ought to remove all regulations possible which hinder production and job-making. ‘Here are some interesting figures. In 1939, individuals "and businesses owned about 66 billion dollars in bank deposits and public securities. Today, the total of cash and public security reserves in the hands of individuals and businesses is aréund 220. Qillions, ny : There has never been a time when the people of this country wanted so many things and were so ready to pay cash for what they wanted. 7 What kind of men are these economists and labor ~ leaders who are afraid of peace? As President Roosevelt once said, we have “nothing to fear Qut fear itself.” This | : AA fo to be cri in ‘our beer, or moaning ourselves This is a time to look up to the fuare,
*Had
| of trade
| of war now
so on, quite independent of the national government.
| When asked to take their place, with ths rest. of the
Chinese, they
within the regular regime at steadfastly refused. That is why
Chungking, Chungking
| regards it as dangerous for the beaten Japs to sur-
render their weapons to the Chinese reds. lead to civil war. In any event the new tidal wave of Soviet in- | Auence in East Asia naturally will Yiave considerable | effect on the future of China.
U.S. Policy Unchanged UNITED STATES policy in China basically is still: the Hay doctrine of the “open door" as redefined "in the nine-power treaty of Washington. At the turn of the century there was a great scramble by the European powers for “concessions” in China. they succeeded it would have amounted to partition. The United States objected, demanding
It might
| that China's doors be left open to the world.
At the Washington conference in 1922; the United States pushed through a treaty signed by itself, Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, Holland, Portugal a and Japph. It pledged all signatories (1) “to res Spect, the soveriegnty, the indépendence and the administrative and territorial integrity of China; (2) to provide the fullest and most unembarrassed opportunity to China to develop and maintain for herself an effective and stable government” and (3) to observe equality (the open door) in matters and industry in China for all alike. At the Far Eastern peace conference, it can be sald right now, that will still be the American posi= tion. And it will be Will Je Strorgly maintained,
So They Say—
ONLY through the monopoly of atomic force by a world organization can we hope to abolishy war —Rob« ert M. Hutchins, chancellor, University of Chicago.
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SAFETY of flying personnel and the public will
be protected if planes are not flown over cities except in direst emergencies,
ALL HISTORY is a decline of war, though a slow decline.~Senator Walter F. George of Georgia. -.
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THERE'S one page we might take from the Comnunist’s book with profit to democracy. The Commie
works harder to be a good Communist than we work at democracy.
To The Point—
have a gadget that wip put the buttons back on.
an- |°
WE WONDER if the new washers or lroners will
" AS PAR as we're. ORGeTMY be it ever so humble there's no place like home for the German prisoners: the u. 8 The sooner they're shipped
J cALLTAAT \ { THING A STEAKTAKE (T BACK AND BRING ME /[ ,..¢ WHAT | ORDERED i >
Hoosier Forum
“OPA SHOULD BE PRAISED, NOT CONDEMNED”
By William Russell, Indianapolis These are just a few of my observations after my return from overseas... That: The OPA should be commended and not condemned. Food and clothing are sufficient for
all. (I haven't seen any dirty, ragged, skinny and pot-bellied children over here), Luxuries are plentiful (beer, liquors, soft drinks, jewelry and cosmetics). Anyone who operates or patronizes the black market should be classed as criminals and treated as such. Strikes aren't numerous, but news reports read that they are unjustified. (I don't know the conditions which create strikes, but I can’t imagine| Which was wrong as ours was. We anyone who likes to strike). The|Should at least be willing to judge United Nations Charter is fine for| them by our own standard. Nateveryone except Pegler's Franco.|Urally Mr. Kennedy would like to Anti-Semitism is on the march over | Dave his boys safe back home. But here. Negroes deserve as good jobs| {I dare say he wouldn't want them as anyone else (regardless of what { back at the expense of compromisSenator “Hitler” Bilbo of Missis- ing his country’s honor. And there sippi says). Compulsory peace time |ls certainly nothing about his letmilitary. training for our youth will ter so far as I can see that would destroy * democracy. There is no { compromise our country’s honor, such thing as a democratic. army 2 x = (strict regimentation is necessary “IF FIGHTERS FIXED PEACE to maintain discipline. There is a THERE'D BE FEWER WARS continual struggle between democ- | 5i. Mowre.. Indianapolis racy and the military (democracy) ,r, "op igen neath the bloody
will lose wHen the youth are turned sands and neath the billows of the!
over to the military). The United States is the greatest sea call out this message from the dead—“The path to glory is not}
country on earth and to maintain free.” So the government answers!
her greatness she must make deSi0Srcy available to all her citi back that they intend to work for slave labor, military conscription of youth and a blind o. k. to a charter that was drawn up by a bunch of goat-herders and other smelly ignoramuses that never heard that peace existed except under a bot-tle-cap. The solons were ready to take anything so they could get home. And, of course, Seed-Corn Wallace wants to get his detasselling done. The climax of the slaughter is always the victory parade, when inbred rulers finally get out in front of their troops, or betters, and ride under the triumphal arch, amid the accolades of the slaves in the gut-
death
(Times readers are invited to express their views in these columns, religious controversies excluded. Because of the volume received, letters should be limited to 250 words. Letters must be signed. Opinions set forth here are those of the writers, and publication in no way implies agreement with those opinions & The Times. The Times assumes no responsibility for the return of manu. scripts and cannot enter correspondence regarding them.)
to rebel against their government
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“JUDGE JAPS AND GERMANS BY OUR OWN STANDARD”
{By Mattie Withers, 1525 N. Arsenal ave. I would like to compliment Mr, David E. Kennedy for his piece in your Friday's paper. 8uch rational thinking {is rarely met “with. It was particularly refreshing after reading Paul V. McNutt's diatribe against the Japanese, and his -fervent plea for their complete extermination. The Germans and the Japs showed a bliitd- devotion to their | government just as we have shown ters, It is a great day for the towards our government. This gov-|“kingfishes.” Then comes the ernment is lacking in prestige today | feast of the buzzards, where royal because of its former high-handed|thugs from both sides meet to [treatment of Nicaragua and other sniff a few bottles and pick the Latin American countries. We never | hones of the body-politic. This showed any spirit of rebellion| monkey business is called a peace igainst this government — though | conference. If the fighters of both we must have known it was wrong|sides were allowed to fix up a sofor them to send their marines to|called peace, there would be no Nicaragua to force those helpless| more wars; at least without the | people to submit to the exploitations| glamour boys being out there where of our capitalists. Why should we | a few bullets could catch them in expect the Germans or the Japs the belly.
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“Il wholly disagree with what you say, but will defend to the
your right to say it.”
“WHO HAS MORE RIGHT TO CHILD THAN WOTHER?”
By Mrs. J. E. Thompson, Indianapolis I am a daily reader of The Times and I'm certainly glad there is such a column where people can comment and voice their own opinions as in the Hoosier Forum. Never before have I read of such fiendish cruelty concerning the “Pitman and Stonehouse Case,” where they ate making a rubber ball out of the Steven's boy. Who may I ask has any more right to the child than his own mother, and tell me since when has a law been passed giving people the right to seize children from their mother because of second marriages? Where is the justice in our courts to allow an atrocity to take place, right under their noses and doing nothing about it? Only to cause Mrs. Stonehouse anguish and sorrow while two jealous conniving in-laws are busy smashing a once happy home, and I doubt if they will stop until it ‘is completed with the aid of our so-called police department. My sympathie} are with the Stonehouse family at this time and I'm speaking for many others who feel the same. Three cheers to you, Mrs. Stone- { house, you are putting up a gallant | fight. Don’t ever a up. »
“HIROHITO couLp LEAD | ANOTHER WAR”
By E. R. Egan, 701 Markwood ave. If there is any difference to be discerned between Hitler's religion and Hirohito's, it is not so clear to the ordinary observer, and they are both subject to the hell of the atomic bomb and any other “religion” that proposes to challenge modern civilization and science in warfare. Already the Nazis have acquired 75 per ‘cent of ‘the local administrative posts in Germany and the underground movement well on the way to re-establishing totalitarianism. China protesting retaining the symbol of the divine origin of the Japanese crede; Hirohito main. tains any idea of establishing cooperation with Japan is based upon making it clear to the Japanese people that he is no more divine than they, the least of them, are -which would be easy for them to take considering they are Imbred with the Jpeeniat the modern world is very realistic to quote the late head of the European axis hierarchy, one Adolph Hitler, about the more or less antiquated notions
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Carnival —By Dick Turner
“And then | discovered 1d lef ry wallet
of one man rule, which is so potent at getting armies going ahead and eventually backwards. Even democracy is prone to excuse any political responsibility by declaring they vote for the man regardless of his ostrich or isola|tionist political habit of sticking his head in the sand or the bomb shelter when he hears war .planes roaring overhead. But the scientist ploding away at his task has taken all the glory out of war, not to mention profit, with the invention of the atomic bomb so terrific in destruction it must be kept in its component parts to be assembled when it is imperative to use it. If the allied powers make peace with Hirohito in power, he could readily become -the rallying point for another bid for world supremacy. If the Japanese or.German people are to realize they are defeated and that militarism is an outworn political racket, indeed put out of the possibility of repetition, they will have to replace the system which produces it with world co-operation in lieu of domination which Inspires it. The forces of occupation must impress them with this and facilitate its achievement, © No other course is possible : a
DAILY THOUGHT Finally, my brethren, be strong
in the Tdrd, and in the power of his might.—Ephesians 6:10.
Sa Tis wis cp #
i} would'st taste His works—
N POLITICS—
Lid Is Off -
By Marshal McNeil
WASHINGTON, Aug. 16—Peace means that politics unashamed will return to .congress, and that the congressional election campaign of 1046 will start in earnest when the two houses reconvene after Labor Day, it was believed today. Since Dec. 7, 1941, there has been a general none partisanship displayed in house and senate as regards war legislation, especially appropriations. Time and again, it has taken only the asking by Gen. Marshall or Adm. King for congress to approve vast appropriations—often without knowing much about the purposes. But when congress reconvenes, the wraps will be off. The army and the navy, not to mention
-other war agencies, will find themselves up against the
most careful questioning and investigation, Republicans can be depended upon to do most of this questioning, but there are Democrats, too, who will join in the inquiries. | International Relations OVER-ALL, congress will set to work on its major post-war task of reclaiming the extraordinary powers§ granted to the President and his aides during wartime, Here the delicate questions of international rela tions will come up, for in dealing with some of these the executive may have to retain some of his unusual authority. : The chances are that the impact of politics will be felt last on international relations. But this will no hinder congressmen from seeking information about war spending which, heretofore, has been cloaked behind the words, “military secret.” Republicans, starved for political power since 1932, will have to make their record on reconversion, as wil the Truman administration, and each will rise or fa on that in the elections between now and 1048,
Investigations Possible IN THE house, the administration majority is larg ~larger than it has been for some time. But Speaker Sam Rayburn's operations as a party leader ar plagued by the presence of the southern Democrats who may lead the fight on their side of the aisie fof stripping the White House of wartime powers. In the senate, Majority Leader Barkley has somewhat slimmer majority. - And Republicans hav a lot of new “youngsters” there—such men as Salton stall of Massachusetts, Ball of Minnesota, Wherry o Nebraska, Morse of Oregon and others—whose polit ical abilities on the national scene have been held check by wartime necessity, One early result of the resurgence of politics i congress may be a series of investigations of the war running from strategy-—untouched since Pear! Harbog —to surplus property and lend-lease.
IN WASHING TON—
Occupation By Daniel M. Kidney
WASHINGTON, Aug. 16.—Chinese and not American troops should occupy Japan, Elbert D. Thomas (D. Utah), chairman of the senate military affairs committee, declared yesterday. Through the war, Senato Thomas has been co-operating in the psychologic programs broadcast to the Japs. He formerly wa head of & Mormon mission in Japan. “Speaking only for myself” he said, “and not if any sense for the army or war department, I am © the opinion that U. 8. troops should not be used & an occupation force in Japan. “It would be far better to turn this over to th Chinese. The Russians will be the best occupatioy troops for Manchuria. We will have enough of army to maintain in the Pacific if we hold our force in the Philippines and the various island bases whic we have captured.
Chinese Equipped “WE HAVE been supplying the Chinese army fo some time and they should have enough equipme now to do a creditable job in Japan itself. Of coursd we will have to have some force there, maybe a civi fan commission or something, to see that the peac terms are properly carried oul We do not want then to rearm and attack us again. “But I believe it would be better not to make t American army the principal force in the occupatio China has plenty of manpower for that.” Senator Thomas said he did not know exactly h large the overseas forces are finally to be either | Europe or the Pacific. He saw an unofficial estimaf of 400,000 for each phase, which would make a tots overseas force of 800,000. Other estimates have plac the Pacific occupation force at a much larger figure 800,000 to 1,000,000.
Reduction in Points
PRESIDENT TRUMAN'S reduction of the dra from 80,000 to 50,000 monthly of men under makes it possible to do most of the drafting amon 18-year-olds, according to selective service figure Release of 1,500,000 men from the army had bee planned within a year after V-E day and ‘the rival of V-J day now raises the figure to 5,000,000 d 5,500,000. About 400,000 men have been discharged fro the army since V-E day, of whom 250,000 wer released under the point system. The remaindg were let out because of disabilities, age or speci hardships. The army plans to retain the point system, whi some members of congress have attacked, in step ping up the demobilization program. The presex 85 points required for discharge will be reduced. The navy has disclosed no plan for demobiliza tion other than the one already in operation fq release of a small number of older men with lo service records. Both the army and navy want a univers service law. :
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BACK OF HEADLINES—
Cover-Up
By Ralph Heinzen
EMPEROR HIROHITO in his surrender anno
C
ment put his finger on the atomic bomb as
cause of Japan's downfall but his country wi whipped before that. - Japan's first efforts to gi Russia to intervene for peace antedated the aton bombs by one month. Japanese military analysts in time will defi the fundamental reasons for their defeat. But tod it was possible to lst these major contributir | causes: 1. Complete American air and sea mastery the home islands after the fall of Okinawa and I Jima, 2. The decisive role of the aiitralt carriers. 3. The necessary dispersal of Japanese effort five main active fighting fronts. 4, Overwhelmingly superior American and scientific developments—chief of. Which were atomic bomb, radar and fire-jelly, The historical precedent was set that a ma power has been defeated while its main army virtually jas ‘its. homeland not invaded W war industry still producing at Bevter than )
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