Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 August 1945 — Page 17

a AF

ton hotel canopy to get out of the rain the other night, He was standing there when a man slightly

under the influence of something besides rain came up and ‘yelled; “Hey there! Call me a cab.” The indignant lieutenant drew himself up to full height, gave the drunk a scorching look and said, “Sir, I'll have you know I'm an officer in the United States navy.” The tipsy one looked at the downpour and replied, “All-right, then call me a boat. I gotta get honfe somehow.” Chief Russell Fletcher, former Times artist stationed at the armed forces induction center, : didn't tell us what the officer said Chief Russell then. , , . Chief Fletcher was Fletcher i chuckling over the antics of several men over 26 who were to report for induction yesterday. Many of the men hadn't learned that over-26 induction had been called off until they arrived at the center. When one almost-G. I. was told he could go home he ned around quickly and headed for the door, saying, “I'm going right now before you change your mind again.” Another registrant gave his age as 26 on Aug. 2. When he was told this kept him a civilian he collapsed weakly and murmured, “Oh Happy Birthday!"

Victory and Birthdays

‘ALL IT takes is a birthday in the Whitehead famlly to stir up some excitement. Mrs. Alice Whitehead, . 1805 Lockwood st., celebrated her birthday on V-E day. Her son, Seaman 1-c¢ Paul Whitehéad, in the Pacific, observed his birthday yesterday, ... The Kappa Delta Rho alumni association of Franklin

“There Goes War?

NEW YORK.—There goes the war, and here comes the housewife’s golden age. From now on, if she can wangle the price out of Hubby's war savings, Milday can keep house almost without turning a hand or lifting a finger. That is a slight exaggeration, There still are a few things about the house that machines cannot do. In fact, the machines are not yet on the store shelves. But the really difficult chores + of housework have been conquered by. modern science. Machines to do them are proven facts, already on the production lines of manufacturers. It may take some time before stockpiles are built up enough sp that one can just step into a store and buy, but a few items in most of the lines may well begin showing up in a matter of weeks now. ; When the manufacturers get into swing, and get their distributors stocked, it is going to be almost fun for the kitcheneer to keep house, The electric stove will turn itself on at a predetermined hour in the morning ‘and fry the bacon she left last night in the pan. The percolator will go to work by itself, make the coffee, and then shut off just enough to keep that odorous brew at a drinkable 190 degrees. Bread will feed down through the electric toaster all by itself, though, thus far, you still have to butter it yourself and lift it to your own mouth. After breakfast, just scrape leavings into the garbage disposal unit, which will chew them up and wash them into thé*sewer,

Wash and Dry Themselves THEN STACK the dishes in the sink. There they'll wash and dry themselves. Perhaps, in time, if you start with them young, you ean train your china and glass ware to roll to the dish closet and distribute themselves in orderly fashion on the shelves. About ‘that butter for your toast, and even more important for your bread: Up to now, you've had ‘the option of leaving it out at room temperature, and seeing it flow all over things, or putting it in the refrigerator and finding it so hard it won't spread. , That's all ancient history in this post-war era we're about to enter. There'll be a little special icubicle in the refrigerator, sized for a pound of butter, at the exact temperature to keep the butter firm yet spreadable,

Breakfast is over; the dishes have washed them-

Aviation

ONE OF the biggest problems of this age Is feeding he populations of big cities. The biggest item in this task' seems to he the wandling cost of transporting the food from where it s produced to where it is consumed, The greater he volume, the more complex the wandling operations; hence, the igher the cost to the city cone umer. For every pair of hands that ouches food on its way from the arm to the table the cost goes igher, These hands must be aid living wages. So the key for reducing the ost to the consumer obviously is 3 be found in the modernization f our entire food distribution ystem, ! This is where 1 see the cargo airliner revolution ing the whole picture. We hear people talking about the importance of gingle new invention of process. Seldom do we hear nyone outlining a prospective which involves resing existing practices to make full ‘use of the new eility. We can’t expect to dump a lot of modern, igh-utility machinery "ifito the existing picture and “ap full benefit,

defrigerated Planes 2 FOR INSTANCE, just let's take two modern facilies, the air cargo plane and the ‘“deep-freeze” ‘ocess. Each of these developments -is possessed of 1told potentialities. Now let's tie them together and t them into the existing picture. True, we haven't )t refrigerated air cargo planes, but there's nothing ysterious about building them. Ten freight cars are required to transport 600, 000

My Day

NEW YORK.—With the war over at last, we in now begin to think about our first duties to the ace... Above everything else, 1 believe we would ie to ask our leaders to look upon this period as a isis requiring the same kind of courage, vision and reat conception as did “the ped of our entry into the war. Already, for example, there wve been predictions that in the urse. of the next few months » must have anywhere from five 10 million unemployed. Realically examined, this means a eat slump in the confidence of e people in their government. aey are going to say quite natally that if we could plan for r, why can we not plan for ace? I hope. we will not be laid to raise money and to loan it to ‘big and le inidustries, on the condition that they will imdiately employ men to their full capacity. It may | objected that this is not a question of merely ving the money; that it takes time to install new wchinery and retrain men. Very well, then, don’t let us call those men unployed. Let us keep them in their jobs while they » retraining, at a living wage. Let us employ as ny men as we can in the actual reconversion rk. Let us, both in private industry and through * government, take up some particular objective ich na housing—which can be. readily adapted to skills of many people, and which will require hen ht ako sieel be pase sale

A FULL NAVAL Hedtinanta decked out ‘in... gold braid and ribbons—stepped under the Washing- ©

.you will find that we're paying the cost of moving

oof it for destruction.

cancelled the session because it fell on V-E day.” That meeting was postponed to Tuesday, which turned out to be ssmi-V-J day. They went ahead and held the meeting, almost afraid to choose another postponement date. ... . One fish merchant who has his young grandson helping him. during the summer felt the repercussion of teaching shady tricks to the young. One of the boy's costumers ordered a very small amount of fish—about a pound, our agent thinks, The boy slapped some wet paper on the scales and carefully scooped up some ice as he got the fish. The wegiht was far more than the woman had ordered 50, the boy kept taking off fish until he had the scales reading a pound. He looked down and lo and behold —all that was on the scales was the wet paper and the ice! Caught in the act by several customers, the embarrassed boy turned to his grandfather, and asked, “What do I do now, Grandpa?”

Era Rather Than Error

JOHN E. KLEINHENZ of the Indianapolis Water Co., says the two-wheeled bicycle in the company’s painting of Indianapolis in 1875 isn't exactly an error —it’s an era. He explained that the painting was made by two Indianapolis artist, Bob and Mason Read. They use old drawings and photographs’ to represent the city in the general era of 1875, not just that year, John agreed that L. E. Northrup’'s complaint that the bicycle in the painting "hadn't been invented in 1875 may be true. ,.. The Republican department of financial responsibility in the state house had a picnic last week. Some of the women borrowed some phonograph records from a private collection. Imagine their surprise when one of the records, a tango called “Viva Roosevelt,” played. They should have known better than to borrow from the collection of Jack Clarke, former editor of the stats Democratic paper, The Hoosier Sentinel,

By S. Burton Heath

selves. But it's Monday morning—and wash day— and no weather report is needed to tell you that it is going to be hot as the Hammers of Nippon. So what? You just toss a little soap powder into the automatic washer, which itself draws the exact amount of water it needs, You toss in some clothes and open the latest: best-seller at Page 648, where you left it at bedtime. In perhaps 20 minutes the clothes are washed, rinsed and three-quarters dried. Here comes a brief interruption. (Unfortunately science has not yet quite achieved its goal of abolishing work completely.) You must lay aside the book long enough to move the clean, almost-dry clothes about a yard into the electric drier that stands beside the washer and looks, on the outside, exactly like it,

Yow ve Still Got to Iron IF YOU'VE been \lazy or busy and let washing stack up on you, it may be necessary to let the machine change the water and toss in another batch of laundry. Otherwise just go back to the book while the drier does its work. There's still ironing to be done. There isn't yet any machine that will iron dad’s shirts automatically. You run through the flat work on a cool electric ironer that probably is built into the breakfast or utility table. For shirts, lingerie and such items, you use a featherweight iron that sprays onto the articles just enough steam to save your having to sprinkle them, and prevents them from getting shiny from ironing. Milady—having done dishes, washed, ironed and eaten lunch by noon—can rest up from her arduous labors under a sun lamp that will preserve that lovely golden tan picked up on thé beach. She will go to bed under an electrically-heated blanket, thermostatically controlled to maintain any desired temperature whatever happens to the thermometer, and made from wires that won’t shortcircuit even if a few should happen to break. That probably will be all she'll need for "warmth, no matter how many degrees below zero the air entering through a wide-open window may achieve, These are not by any means all of the innovations that the electrical manufacturers of the nation are prepared to put onto the market in very short order. Theyre just’ a few of the more spectacular that actually are on the production line, at prices that already make thiem possible for tens of thousands. As mass production gets into swing it can be expected that prices will go down so that such dream appliances will become available to the millions,

By Maj. Al Williams

pounds of crated pineapples. Packed in crates, such a product would be too bulky for shipment by air. Likewise, only about 60 per cent of a pineapple is edible, with the remaining 40 per cent dumped into the garbage can. Yet, under existing conditions of shipping pineapples (in their natural form), by rail, we actually transport the 40 per cent of this product which cannot be consumed. The rail freight of this useless 40 per cent must be paid for by someone, and the someone is the city consumer.

Mobile ‘Deep Freeze’ Units

BY MEANS of the “deep-freeze” process, the 10 carloads of natural pineapples could be packaged in| a single. suitably equipped freight car. As far as high cost to the consumer is concerned,

nine unnecéssary freight cars a distance of 3000 miles. “Deep-freeze” processed and packaged, the resultant 60,000 pounds of pineapples can readily be carried from the east coast to the west coast in two or, at most, three refrigerated cargo airliners in about 14 hours, Against this, rail fréight takes between 10 to 14 days. : y You can do your own computing as to the reduction of the handling charges of small, “deep-freeze” packages versus the pineapple in its natural form when both shipments arrive at a big eastern city. The “deep freeze” people are building mobile units, which will harvest or accept a farm product at the farm, wash it, package and freeze it ready for shipment. You can put all the raw spinach you can carry in both arms into an average week-end bag if it is in “deep-freeze” packages. Farm produce, picked only when ripe (not railroad ripened) thus can be

SECOND SECTION

hilation of matter.

now even have an inkling of what their character might be.

You perhaps remember learning back in. your chemistry class a “law” called the “law of the conservation of matter.” You were taught that it was possible to change : the form of matter but not to destroy it.

For example, if

you burned a lump of coal it disappeared. But what happened was that the coal united with the oxygen of the air Mr. Dietz and what was originally coal and oxygen now existed in the form of ashes and the gases. of combustion. ” ” leased some of the particles that composed the original atoms are not merely changed in form. They literally go out of existence. They are completely transformed into energy. Dr. J. R. Oppenhéimer, the brilliant professor of physics of the University ~ of California, “who planned, organized and directed the scientific research that went into the new -atomic energy bomb, has been called “a second Einstein.” The title is good, not only because Oppenheimer’s work showed true genius, but because in more ways than one the atomic energy bomb began with Prof. Albert Einstein, s\n » IT WAS in 1905 that Einstein gave the world the concept that matter and energy were interchangeable, that one could be converted into the other. That year 1905 was a far more momentous year for the world than anyone then alive realized. For it was the year in which Einstein remade our notions of what the ‘universe is like, It was the year in which he developed the theory of relativity and anyone would be inclined to say that the production of that theory should have been enough to keep him busy for the year. . a” BUT, as a matter of fact, he produced three other papers in the same year, any one of the three good enough to deserve a Nobel prize. In one he gave the mathématical proof that established firmly the existence of molecules. In the second he set forth ‘the idea that energy; such as .light or heat, existed not in the form of waves but in the form of little bullets of energy. These are now known as quanta or photons. And in the third he set forth the idea that matter could be converted into energy. Mpre than that, he wrote the equation for the transformation and showed that a very little matter would produce a vast amount of energy because the equation said that the energy produced would be equal to the mass involved multiplied by the square of the ve{locity of light. » » ”

THE VELOCITY of light is a very big figure—186,000 miles a second— and when you ‘change that to cen= timeters per second and square that you get a still bigger figure. That explained why the annihilation of a subatomic particle so small that half a million of them might rest on the period at the end of this. sentence still produce a tremendous amount of energy. Einstein's equation showed that if you convert all the atoms of a glass

» + BUT WHEN atomic energy Is re-

THURSDAY, AUGUST 186, 1945

———————

The Era of Atomic Power

(Fourth of a Series) : By DAVID DIETZ, Scripps-Howard Science Editor: "HE release of atomic energy, involves the Viseral anni-

To the student of science that is more amazing than any of the wonders that may be expected from the application of atomic power to the post-war world. It is important to understand this point because it means that we must completely change our notions about the basic structure of the universe. But it means also that the next 50 years may bring discoveries and developments so amazing that we do not

THE amazing thing about all this

direction of the famous Lord Rutherford succeeded in bringing about the head-on collision of a positive and a negative electron. The two particles were completely annihilated and the energy produced by the annihilation was precisely the amount called for by Einstein’s equation. The advances that came in our knowledge of ‘the atom between 1930 and 1940 were due to the building of bigger and bigger machines for tearing atoms apart. un » ” THERE ARE two general methods for doing this. One is to develop a tremendous electric potential, a million volts or more, and then use that to accelerate a stream of eleotrons in a gigantic X-ray tube. The impact of the stream will tear the atomis of the target to bits. One of the most successful gen-

signed by Dr. Robert J. Van De Graaf of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Strangely enough, Dr. Van De Graaf went back to one of the oldest “electric machines” for a method of developing tremendous -voltages. = ’ ” ” ” EVERYONE knows that If you scrape your feet over a thick rug on a dry day you accumulate a charge of static electricity which will cause a spark when you bring your finger near a brass doorknob or other metallic object. In Benjamin Pranklin’s day “electric machines” were built in which the friction of leather against glass developed similar charges of static electricity. Dr. Van De Graaf brought this simple device up to date, building a gigantic machine which consisted of two aluminum splieres’ each 15 feet in diameter mounted on the top of all columns.

friction against these belts caused the accumulation of electric charges, which - were transferred to spheres.

the

Ed » ” IN 1933, with this machine, Dr. Van De Graaf succeeded in getting an electric charge of 7,000,000 volts which would cause a great twisting, crackling discharge between the two spheres when they were 40 feet apart. In essence he had a 40-foot segment of lightning.

of water into energy you would get enough energy to drive an oce™ liner across the Atlantic.

however, |power was channeled into a sort of!

WILLIE and JOE—By Mauldin

In atom-smashing experiments

this tremengous electric

shipped in diminished volume by air, with minimum ~handling charges all around, and delivered to the| consumer at prices far below those now prevalent. |

By Eleanor Roosevelt

Wé need a great deal of government-financed housing if we hope to destroy our slum areas and come out of the war a nation living in healthful and decent homes. i We have spent tremendous sums on the war, most Even a minute percentage of | that sum spent now for constructive purposes would keep us from having mass unemployment. If at the game time we raise the standard of home environment, we will be doing something of double value to the nation. As 1 watched the crowds in New York celebrating victory, there were many sober faces—primarily those of women, since their men were doubtless still in faroff places. One cannot help wondering whether the “cease fire” order will reach the Burma jungle or an island in the Pacific in time to brevent that last. bullet which may mean the life or death of the man you love,

Hope was predominate, however, in everybody's \

heart and in everybody's eyes. That hope our leaders must justify. The military occupation that must go on in both the European and Pacific areas for some time to come should not keep any man too long from his home shores, since, even on a voluntary basis,

we can doubtless raise enough men to rotate them|

at fairly ferquent intervals. This will require shipping, but until our reconversion In industry is complete we would not be needJng that shipping for trade purposes. Our mgrkets overseas must be built up before our ships can be ‘completely used in carrying our goods to other lands.

7 4 QQ A

-_L

is that exactly 25 years later, in the famous Cavendish laboratory of the University of Cambridge, England, two physicists working under the

erators for this purpose was de-

In each column were moving belts, #

* months,

i S—————— SV, TR WN

Vas I 3

One of the most successful generators for tearing apart the atom is the one designed by Dr. Van De Graf (top) of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1905 Prof. Albert Einstein (left center) spurred the atom research with his conception on matter and energy. Dr. J. R. Oppenheimer (below) planned and organized the research into the atomic bomb.

gigantic X-ray tube and used to bombard various targets. Larger installations on the Van! WDe Graaf -plan were built, but meanwhile scientists began to turn to another means of smashing atoms, by cyclotron, ” EJ » THE cyclotron became known as the “atomic whirligig gun.” It achieved its effect not by releasing a tremendous electric charge, as in the Van De Graaf generator, but by whirling subatomic particles around and around in a magnétic field until they attained speeds which gave them the equivalent power. Inventor of the.cyclotron is Prof.

As It Looks

WAR CONTRACTS — Cancellations will reach $35,000,000,000 in a few weeks, UNEMPLOYMENT — Government officials expect 8,000,000 men and women will be jobless within six

MAN POWER Already abolished.

DRAFT—Inductions cut from 80,000 to 50,000 a month, Congress may seek early end of draft.

DEMOBILIZATION—5,000,000 to 5,500,000 men to be released from army ‘during the next 12 to 18 months,

CONGRESS—Returning Sept. 5 from an abbreviated vacation to! take up reconversion legislation.

RATIONING—Gasoline to be removed from list soon, tires to follow and shoe rationing expected to end not later than Jan. 1. Rationing of red and blue points foods ard fuel oil expected to be eased in the near future,

CONTROLS—

Atomic Age Time Era Is Proposed |

WASHINGTON, Aug. 16 (U, P). -— William A. Eddy of Washington suggested today “that the United | Nations start a new era of time to | be known as the Atomic Age.. “This era,” he said, “would consist of 13 months, with armistice day the first day of the new calendar year." He said that with the discovery | of the atomic bomb “future wars | will be a thing of the past.” “Future wars,” he added, "will

physical state.”

TURKEY AND CHINA 'RATIFY WORLD PACT

ANKARA, Aug. 16 (U, P.).~The

United Nations’ Charter today. Before taking action, the deputies analyzed the Charter's relationship to the Atlantic Charter and paid special tribute to the late President Roosevelt. *

China's legislative Yuan unanimously ratified the United Nations’

|The first proposal to build a 15,-

|possible to get all sorts of changes

{one sort were turned into another

Here Is Home Front Picture

WASHINGTON, Aug. 15 (U. P.).—Here is the home front picture as it looks today:

be one of the mental and not the |.

Turkish assembly ratified the

" CHUNGKING, Aug. 16 (U. P).—|

E. O. Lawrence of the University’ of California. In 1940 the university undertook the building of a cyclotron so powerful that its beam of subatomic particles would melt an ordinary brick as quickly as a blow torch would melt a pound of butter. s. x a THE DEVICE was capable of furnishing "a stream of particles with

energies representing 100,000,000 volts. .

The significance of this figure lies in the fact that 10 years earlier

scientists were wondering how they |.

might get up to 10,000,000 volts.

00,000-volt generator was regarded as fantastic. The cyclotron built for Lawrence weighed 4800 tons and had an électromagnet 56 feet long, 30 feet high and 15 feet long. Prof. Lawrence was one of the men who worked on the atomic energy bomb and it was information gathered with this cyclotron that helped solve the problem. » ” s I REMEMBER back in 1940 when people would ask me what good the cyclotron was, anyway. The answer is clear now. The cyclotron showed that it was

in atomic nucled so that atoms of

and made radioactive so that they, in turn, gave off energy. And always these experiments verified the Einstein equation for the transformation of matter into energy. And finally, with the acceleration of research in world war II, came the atomic energy bomb. This new knowledge not only contains the possibilities of marvelous things bu# poses heavy responsibilities for the next few years. *

NEXT: The problems ahead.

fo U. S. Today

AUTOMOBILES—Rationing to be continued until new production fills needs of ‘essential users, probably before the end of the year. New auto production expected to hit 500,000 by Jan. 1.

HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES— Such things as washing machines and vacuum cleaners to begin appearing in stores soon. About 2,500,000 radios to be manufactured by year end.

PRICE CONTROLS—Wil] be continued until supply and demand | come into balance.

WAGE CONTROLS—Will be relaxed, probably to permit voluntary raises without government approval.

TRANSPORTATION — Gradual but slow return to normal as demobilization progresses. Restrictions on Pullman space will not be lifted at once.

>»HANNAH < ss

ape rpuis redodimon smog |

"The Indianapolis Times

PAGE n

Auto Industry Is Temporarily Dead Center

By FRED W. PERKINS Scripps-Howard Staff Writer ' DETROIT, Mich.. Aug. 16—~The end wo gasoline rationing is more

: important to this motor metropo=

lis than anywhere else: It means nation-wide public pressure for immediate production of new automobiles, . Millions of owners of cars," now five or more years old, will want new ones with the i mprovements

* they expect

from techniques developed under war necessity. To auto in Mr. Perkins dustrialists this means a race to be first to meet the civilian de mand. To Detroit labor it prome ises an earlier end than had been hoped for the probable unems ployment of at least 250,000 per= sons in this area. n ” BUT TODAY the aufo induse try is on dead center in recon= version. Evervbody is taking the day off, as they did yesterday, This was a reaction to President Truman's announcement of a two-day holiday for federal employees. One reason for the two-day holiday, according to an army officer concerned with production for the recent war, is to give manufacturers a chance to readjust themselves for the job ahead. The indecision in Detroit was illustrated by a notice to em ployees of the Packard Motor Car Co., which has been mass~ producing Rolls - Royce engines for airplanes. »

n s THE PACKARD president and general manager, George T. Chris topher, signed an order that “Due to unsettled conditions and lack of any definite instructions on war work, caused by the Japa=nese surrender, the plant and offices will be closed until next Monday.” This uncertainty was general in the automobile industry, although cancellations of war contracts were beginning fo come in. They were described by the beforementioned army officer as “an avalanche,” affecting particularly tanks, ammunition and guns. The Ford Motor Co. announced ft had received cancellations for all its army contracts. : This apparently put Ford in the clear, gave this company a head start In production of civilian automobiles.

We, the WomenFaithless War Wives Give Bad Name to All

By RUTH MILLETT

INFIDELITY of wives is ree sponsible for 48 per cent of the mental breakdowns that keep returned servicemen in hospitals, either unfit for civilian life or return to the armed forces, so says Capt. Howard-=-Sprague, chief j of mental rehabilitation for 5000 patients at St Albans Naval haspital, Queens, New York. There is no defense for the war wives who

have been faithless in their huse

bands’ absence, no matter what excuses they may find for their own conduct. :

But there is one serious mis« take that has been made during this war which might account for some of the infidelity of wives.

That is the way the soldier overseas has been portrayed as a woman chaser. What picture have the women back home been giver of the serviceman away from home? ” » » WELL, it has been a composite photo made up of disquieting fig ures on venereal diseaSe, widely publicized stories of husbands falling in love with girls_in other countries, lightly written accounts of the way foreign’ women throw themselves at American men in uniform. Not a pretty picture for the wife at home—or one that tends to make her feel secure in her marriage. And. of course, there are wives who are foolish enough to say to themselves, “Well, why should I suppose my George is any differ -ent from the rest?” From theses they go on to rationalize: “Why should I sit at home waiting for a man who probably isn't waiting for me?” » ” ” NOT THAT such reasoning ace counts for all of the infideity among war wives. There are plenty of no-account wémen who

~ married servicemen for their