Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 15 August 1945 — Page 13
yy
If you were one
ers’
| by the perfect job of air recon-
| playing.
THE TIME has come to talk about a cabbage— an 18%-pound monster from the yictory garden of J. E. Owens, 643- Eastern ave, and Charles, Allen, 58 N. ‘Kenmore rd. “The two Prudential Insurance Co. employees grew the king-sizéd vegetable in their plot out on 8S. German Church rd.
of the hundreds . at Ringling Brothers’ and Barnum & Bailey circus last sight you probably saw the local gardenprize and ‘thought it was Aa prop. Mr Owens and Mr, Allen gave the cabbage to Emmett Kelly, sad faced clown, to nibble on, Clown. Kelly usually uses a head of cabbage in each act but the gardeners thought this head might last him for two shows. . . . In-
J. E. Owens and his monster Sabbage.
wi
cidentally, Bev Kelley, press agent of the circus, told
us something we never knew about a giraffe’ We were flabbergasted at the size of one of the circus
" giraffe's tongue—it looked like a* middle-sized snake,
about as big around as a milk bottle. Bev says an animal can contract its tongue and fit it through am average- -sized finger ring. The trick is accomplished by putting salt in your hand and holding a ring over it so that the giraffe has to wriggle through to get at it. If you doubt Kelley, get some spit, a ring and a giraffe and try it yourself. Sudden thought: He didn't tell us how to get the ring off.
Mr. Northrup Catches an Error NOT EVERYBODY downtown yesterday ‘was cele= prating V-J day. L./E. Northrup, 3033. College ave, came down to pay & water bill and discovered a glar-
| A ® ati BUCKLEY FIELD, DENVER, Colo.—Operating out’ of this army air fleld, a comparatively small group of merd are performing a tremendous wartime—and peacetime—job, re-charting, re-mapping and rephotographing the world accurately for the first time, Pin-point bombings of Japan's war industries were made possible
naissance photography © which missed practically nothing—from a fire plug to a camouflaged coke furnace. It's a dramatic, dangerous game that the 311th photo reconnaissance wing, headquartered here at Buckley -Field, has been And its findings, as shown on the maps carefully laid out from the photographs, already have proved the point that our school geographies— in fact all former maps—have failed entirely to tell the correct story. Out here in the capacious files is a fine, photographic relief map of the Island of Honshu. It wag taken from the 311th's reconnaissance planes flying at high altitudes, braving the ack-ack and the Jap fighter planes: It undoubtedly is a better map of Japan than that nation has itself.
Fix Height of Opjects OTHER photographs = show. airfields, industrial plants, entire cities—and all carry * ‘overlays” on which have been marked and numbered the objects photographed. In some cases, where the exact position of the sun has been noted, tiny shadows have been i measured and the exact height of each object figured ito the minutest. degree. And this from 20,000 feet altitude.
Science >
(Last of a Series)
TO INSURE through the fong future an adequate supply of scientists and engineers for America, the recommended national science talent program would discover, train and maintain as a National Science Reserve some 6000 potential scientists each yea, This “army” of young scientists yg. , sore would, after their training in vare lous colleges on national scholar= ships, go into universities, labora;ories, or industrial or governmental “esearch organizations as they wish. [But in a national emergency, such 18 this war, they would be liable ‘or call into federal service for scientific or technical work. Under the plan suggested by the ‘cience talent committee headed by Jr. Henry Allen Moe gnd included F4 n the Bush report on post-war cientific research, a total of 24,000 national science cholarships would be in college at any one time. Chere would be 900 fellows doing advanced work for he Ph.D. degree at any one time. Selected from all parts of the country solely on he basis of merit, without regard to sex, color, race, d or need, these potential scientists would receive
f the. G. I. Bill of Rights. Tuition in any apyroved college would be paid up to $500 a year, and yersonal support of $50 a month if single and $75 a nonth if married would be provided.
tegarded as “Insurance” WHEN FULLY in operation the plan would cost 20,000,000 a year, a sort of insurance premium for he.nation against stagnation in invention, scientific iscovery and industry, and an investment in -naional defense. One thing industrialists are sure of that new products and methods must come from esearch 4f business.is to be good. Military men are onvinced that the weapons of any next war will ot be those of this war, but will come out of re-
My Day
ad come to the world again, I found myself filled ith very curious sensations. I ‘had no desire to go ut and celebrate. I remembered the way the people emonstrated when the last war ended. But I felt [his time that the weight of sufbring which ‘has engulfed the orld during so many years could ot sd quickly be giped out. | There is a quiet rejoicing that jen are no longer bringing death » each other throughout the orld. ' There is great happiness, too, the knowledge that some day, ) many of those we love will home- again to give all they ave to the rebuilding of a peace4 world. One cannot forget, however, the many, many peole to whom this day will bring only a keener sense | loss, for, as others come home, heir: loved ones 1 not return, “ | In ‘every ‘community—if we have eyes to see and arts to feel—we will for many years see evidences the period of war which we have been through, | There will be men among us: who all their ‘lives; ith physically and mentally, will catry “the marks war; and there will be’ wamen who mourn all the \ys of their lives, ~~ + Yet there must be an ‘undercurrent of deep toy y human heart, and great thankfulness that world again. 4
| Inside Indianapolis r i an)
' Into a madhouse yesterday. People streamed through ' the aisles, loading .themselves down with flags, noise
‘out unpaid for wasn't much more than on an or-
tensive scientific or technical study.
cholarships patterned aftér the ‘educational provision
NEW. YORK. — When word was flashed that peace
ing error in one of the ‘Indianapolis, Water Co. office paintings. He says their painting is of a
The Indianapolis
imes
bicycle presumably painted in “1875. Mr. Northrup . declares he bought the latest thing in bicycles, with a high front wheel, in 1879. People came from 25 miles around to look at the contraption, so Mr. Northrup is sure the later-type bicycle was not yet in existence, . . . Mark Ferree, former business manager of The Times and now assistant business manager of Scripps-Howard newspapers, got in from New York for the blow-off yesterday... . Some 90 teen-age boys took part in a patriotic’ ceremony yesterday—they were inducted into the army and navy, Lt. Edward Courtoy, assignment officer at the induction station, learned that one boy’s induction fell on his birthday. In a generous mood-he told the boy to make his own choice of assignments as a birthday present. He had to take it back when the boy said, “0. K,, send me home.” ,.. The overflow from the Monument circle turned Murphy’s Illinois street store
makers, confetti and silly hats. One clerk just stood bewildered as a woman picked up a large flag and walked out without bothering to pay. Manager William H. Meckling said the amount of goods carried
dinary day. One department store, however, remembered the storm of looting that followed world war I and cleared every display off of every counter yesterday.
A Pity . But.a Laugh WE PITIED the man but still we had to laugh. A poor father was trying to cope with his very small and very excited daughter while the missus stood in line to buy 51-gauge hose. He finally got an inspiration. He fastened his. handkerchief through a button hole on the back of her dress. Then he held her in leash until his wife finally got out of the line. . « « Another tiny girl was holding on to her mother’s
hand tightly, looking very timid in the midst of aj.
howling bunch of celebrants on the circle. Finally she looked up at her mother and politely asked: “Mother, everyone is screaming. May I'scream, too?” . , . In all the noise and jubilance yesterday, one man was making his way around the Ciycle, looking neither to right nor left. The bowed, white-haired, whitebearded man was wearing a huge band of black crepe
paper, His mourning attire was unnoticed by the screaming ' gaily bedecked revelers, And he disappeared after walking around once, Se
By Max B. Cook
Commanding officer of the 311th wing is Col. Karl Is. Polifka. When the Japs landed at Gona, New Guinea, and began their push to Porth Moresby, across the Owen Stanley mountains, Col. Polifka and his photo reconnaissance squadrn flew along the trail taking photographs. Allied intelligence had predicted that the Japs would have to use mules. The photos indicated that the Japs were corralling their supply .mules during night hours. Armed with the photographs, some A-20 Havocs took off the next morning with the corrals as their target. They bombed and strafed, completely destroying the Jap supply trains. to Gona. II. And “Pop” Polifka got a great deal of the credit. Later, in a specially equipped B-17 Flying Fortress, “Pop” and a selected crew braved Jap ack-ack and Zeroes and took over - 1500 phetographs of Guadalcanal. Every one of his crew either was killed or wounded, but the invasion and capture of Guadalcanal was made possible.
Make Bombing Safer
The photo reconnaissance wing uses several types of cameras. A combination of three cameras, which cover horizon to horizon, produce Trimetrogen photographs, clicking them off every given number of feet, automatically, as the reconnaissance plane flies at a pre-determined altitude over the country. The separate photographs overlap each other. They are pasted together and, from them, perfect relief maps can be made of the countryside. Single cameras, with up to 40-inch lenses, are used for pin-point photographs which also are clicked off in succession. This type of photograph is the most accurate for map-making. The job of processing complete maps from the photographs is done in Washington,
By Watson Davis
search laboratories of the future, manned by the young scientists to be discovered and nurtured under this science talent plan. This plan for a federally supported science talent search is no untried innovation in educational ‘and scientific method. For the past four years, the Science Talent Search for the Westinghouse Science Scholarships has been conducted by Science Clubs of America as a Science Service activity. While the numbers and amounts of scholarships granted under this program are much smaller each year, 300 of the most scienfifically talented boys and girls in the nation have been located and, with the exception of the boys who were inducted in the armed services, most of them have been given opportunities for in-
The Science Talent Search utilizes the newest psychological selection techniques and combines a sciénce aptitude test rating with searching evaluation of persdnal qualities and scholastic record. These methods of selection are proposed for use in the larger federal plan, which would use national examinations leading to selection by boards of judges in each of the states.
Winners Progress Rapidly ALTHOUGH the first Science Talent Search was held at the beginning of America’s entry into the
—war, some of the winners have already graduated | —
from college and are doing research for advanced degrees, in some cases on war problems. There exists in America the largest science organization in the world, the more than 150,000 members of Science Clubs of America, organized in some 7500 clubs in the nation’s high schools. From among these boys and girls who make science their serious hobby, many of America’s scientists of ‘the future will come. How good a job they will be able to do in building us all a better future will depend. in large measure on how thoroughly America searches for latent science talent and whether this search is supported with the necessary dollars and intelligent planning, '
(The End)
By Eleanor Roosevelt
These first days of peace require great statesmanship in’our leaders. They are not easy days, for now we face the full results of the costs of war and must set ourselves to find the. ways of building a peaceful world. The new atomic discovery has changed the whole aspect’ of the world in which we live, It has been
primarily thought of in the light of its destructive
power. Now we have fo ‘think of it in terms of how it may serve mankind in the days. of peace. \ This great discovery was not found by men of any -one race or any one religion. It was international from the beginning, and its development and control should be under international auspices. All the world has
A right to share in the beneficence which may grow ;
from its proper ‘development, : Great Britain and Canada and ourselves hold the
secret today—and quite rightly, since we used its|
destructive force to bring the war to.an end. \ But if we allow ourselves to think that any nations or any group of commercial interests should
profit by something so great, we will eventually bet
the ‘sufferers. God has shown great éonfidence in mankind when he allowed them wisdom and dntelligence to discover this new secret, to us—the peoples who' control the discovery—for un‘less we develop spiritual greatness commensurate with this new gift, we may bring economic war. into
Remnants of the Jap forces returned | # It was ‘the first Jap disaster in World War
It is a challenge |
SECOND SECTION
+ First:
needs. There will be no such thing as a division of the world, on the basis of mineral resources, into the “have” and the “have-not” nations. Third: As we already see from ‘the atomic energy bombs dropped on Japan, war has become so destructive that no nation will dare begin a war since it will mean the mutual destruction of every nation and the ‘end of civilization. For the last several years I have been saying in lectures that mankind was approaching the crossroads at which it would have to
Mr. Dietz
(Third of a Series)
choose between peace and the total destruction of civilization. : With atomic energy bombs in existence, mankind has now arrived at that crossroads. tJ ” » ; AT THE present moment the secret of the atomic energy bomb is known only to “a hanfiful of scientists, chiefly American and British— although two of the key people in the project were Dr. Neils Bobr, a Danish physicist, and Dr. Enrico Fermi, an Italian, both Nobel Prize winners and both in this country. But we do know that the German physicists - were working on this problem. And we have President Truman's word for it that we were in a race with the Nazis in this project. By the grace of God, as Mr. Churchill observed, “we won that race. ” td ” THE FACT that American and British intelligence officers learned where the German researches were going on helped. These areas were bombed, destroying apparatus and undoubtedly killing many German scientists. A number of people have asked me how much I think Japanese scientists know about atomic energy. thing that was published in American and British scientific .journals prior to Pearl Harbor.
secret about the researches on Uranium 235 and it was all published very freely. tJ " ” I WROTE a number of articles
BY DAVID DIETZ, Scripps-Howard Science Editor [UNIVERSAL and perpetual peace will reign in the Era of Atomic Power for three reasons: They are quickly stated. ~ With energy as abundant as the air we breathe, there will be no longer any reason to fight for oil or coal. Second: By using atomic energy to mine the ocean for its vast mineral content, every nation will be, able to obtain all the raw materials that it
. | release.
Obviously, they know every
Up to that time there was no]
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 15, 196
Newspapers in 1940 pointing out that Uranium 235 held the possibilities of an explosive 100,000,000 times more powerful than TNT. The point is that by putting our top scientists to work on the problem with a budget of $2,000,000,000 and the resources of such compae nies as General Electric, Westinghouse, du Pont, and others, we got the jump on the rest of the world. In time the rest of the world will catch up. » » » A QUESTION that I am certain is in the minds of most readers is how soon this Era of Atomic Power that I have been talking about, will arrive, Will it come in the months after Japan surrenders? will it take five years to arrive or 50? - To answer this question we must first say something about the nature of atomic energy and then discuss the economics involved in its
» » ” ATOMIC energy is energy released by the distintegration of atoms of matter. ! Its existence was first disclosed to the world in 1896 when the French physicist, Prof. Antoine Henri Becquerel, discovered that uranium gave off mysterious rays like the X-rays discovered the previous year by Prof. ‘Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen of German, Two years after Becquerel's discovery, in the year 1808, Pierre and Marie Curie discovered radium. Researches conducted in the early years of the 20th Century revealed that the energy released by radium consists of rays of a number of kinds. » » » SOME were pure rays of energy like those given off by the X-ray tube, but others were sub-atomic particles. In time it became known that the atom of radium was disintegrating and that it was the breaking up of the atom that released the energy. You will recall, however, the story of the search for radium conducted by. the Curies. : From a ton of the mineral known as pitchblende they finally obtained by months of work, a fraction of a grain of radium. » » » THAT IS why radium has remained s expensive. It has continued tobe difficult to obtain much of it and the process for extracting. it from its ‘ores has remained complicated and expensive. Almost at the start of the present century, physicists began to ask
myself for the Scripps-Howard
themselves this question: If ra-
WILLIE and JOE—By Mauldin
ATED CARS
BougHr & SOLD
the world and instead of peace. ropportunity the world has ever had
The les before us. of love 1p live in the future as -
an we have enough under-
Vital in the harnessing and releasing of atomic energy, resulting in the new bomb, was the development of atom smashing machines. built a bulbous device capable of |-- The pear-shaped research unit (right
Notre Dame university (top left) generating eight million volts. below) was built and used by the facturing Co., at Pittsburgh. Mme.
extract radium from a pitchblende mineral
dium is constantly disintegrating, giving off the energy that is locked within its atoms, why shouldn't it be possible to cause the atoms’ of any substance around us to give up energy? Why not release the energy within the atoms of water, for example? n » ” THUS WAS born the researthés that in later years became known as “atom smashing.” - Experiments in atom smashing during the 1920's and 1930's were characterized by the development of bigger and bigger machines for tearing atoms apart. Chief among
Ythese were the cyclotrons.
But ‘while they gave us a vast amount of new knowledge about the structure and behavior of atomic nuclei, they brought us no nearer the solution of the problem of how to release. the enérgy of the atoms of ordinary matter on a wholesale ‘|scale. y x =n ATOM smashing took a new turn in 1940 with the sudden discovery that. one form of uranium, known
tremendous and almost unbelievable amount of energy. Whereas the radium atom merely expels a particle or two fronr the nucleus the atom of Uranium 235 splits in two. But this was the problem as it stood in 1940: To separate uranium from its ores was almost as difficult as to separate radium. But after you got the uranium you still had to separate the atoms that compose Uranium 235 from the rest of the uranium, which is Uranium 238. ; These numbers refer to atomic weights on a scale which has oxygen, with an atomic weight of 16, as the standard. : ” » ” IN 1940 there was a tiny amount of Uranium 235 at Columbia umiversity, about a millionth of a gram. It had been separated “from ordinary uranium by scientists of the University of Minnesota and the General Electric Laboratories. The G. E. experts said that it had taken 100 hours to separate that amoynt of Uranjum 235 from a sample of ordinary uranium, The problem which had to be solved by our scientists in world war II was how to speed up the process of concentrating Uranium 235.
» » » OBVIOUSLY one way of doing it
|was to build huge plants in which
the necessary units for the separation are .duplicated hundreds of times. I imagine, although I dori't know, that this was done and that this accounts for the tremendous size of the plants at which the atomic bombs are made. But it should be equally obvious that while you can do things this way in war you can't run a peacetime economy that why.
235 is no solution of the power prob-
cheaply. oy y »
depends upon two things: ~*~
in peacetime.
as Uranium 235, would release a|
For the post-war world Usanium. lem unless it can be produced | | due jr, I WOULD say, therefore, that the|. ‘|arrival of the Era of Atomic Power First, it depénds upon how soon] |
| the world can produce Uranium 235 at a cost that is not prohibliive 1
Westinghouse Electric and ManuCurie (top right) was the first to
this scarce and hard-to-concentrate Uranium 235. The researches that produced. the atomic energy bombs have undoubtly accelerated all our knowledge of this field so that these goals must be much closer than anyone would have believed in 1940. . . =» BACK IN 1940 I-was saying that we might expect the Era of Atomic Power to arrive sometime in the next half century. I am inclined now to cut that estimate to 10 to 25 years and at the moment I am sufficiently optimistic to say that it may prove to be closer to 10 than 25. I think I can make this clearer by considering in some detail the relations of ‘matter to energy and what the researches of the last 20 years have revealed in that direction. It all really began with an equation written by Prof. Albert Einstein of relativity fame back in 1905, NEXT: Einstein's prediction of 1905. -
/
PAGE 18
b
Labor Peace Impact Being Felt in Detroit Area
By FRED W. PERKINS Scripps-Howard Staff Writer DETROIT, Aug. 15.—Impact of peace on the individual American worker may ‘be observed today in this city. ; It is cleaning ip a monumental job of supplying war munitions and is awaiting the action by government and industry that will permit full production of automobiles and other peacetime artices. This tremendous change - over, affecting the future of a million people in this area alone, was delayed by the formalities of the Japanése surrender. Hence, the Detroit case of cut-back jitters. For example: The 35000 employees at Ford's big River Rouge plant, went to work yesterday, despite the after-midnight reports that the war was over. But within two hours about 4300 decided there was no point in working further on tanks and jeeps, so they left. An hour before noon, the plant’s air-raid siren was short-curcuited by (according to the plant management) a person unknown.
” » bellowed for 10 minutes. Whereupon 15,000 employees decided it something so they left the plant and joined in a premature V-J celebration which had been going on since before dawn in downtown Detroit. nt Departure of the 20,000 left 15,000 still at work in the Rouge plant. The latter were described by the management as non-pro-duction workers. The manage-
# THE SIREN
=
must mean
ment said the siren and absentees
tied up output of army goods as well as the 20 daily automobiles which Ford is beginning to put out for the priority civilian trade. ~~ Today the army goods don't matter. The civilian goods age of extreme importance, " and the question here is how soon the government, the automobile industry and the United Automobile Workers (C. I. O.) can get a normal production force back at work. WPB and other federal agencies under John W. Snyder, reconversion director, will have to work
fast on that one-to prevent trouble"
in this districts.
and other industrial
” » y AN INTERVIEW today with R. J. Thomas, president of the U. A. W,: “I don’t look for any serious trouble soon,” Mr. Thomas said. “I've never been able to figure out how people can strike when they are unemployed. “But the congress ought to be in Washington now, instead of waiting for early September. The congressmen are having a nice vacation, while our people are looking for jobs.”
5 LOCAL MEN LISTED TO DOCK IN EAST
Five Indianapolis men were scheduled to arrive in New York yesterday aboard the Frederi¢k Victory. They are Pfc. James Scott, 4622 E, 34th st.; Pvt. Carroll Archer, 806 Foltz st.; Cpl. Ralph Varvel, 1124 W. New York st; Pvt. LeRoy Branch, 722 E. 10th st, and Pvt. Ervine Reitel, 1137 Senate ave. Capt. Burton Pierce, Indianapolis, is due to arrive in New York tomorrow aboard the Hannis Taylor.
HONOR GEN. SULTAN
WASHINGTON, Aug. 15 (U. P)). -Lt. Gen. Daniel I. Sultan, army inspector general, yesterday became the first army man to receive four distinguished service medals. He was awarded the third oak leaf cluster to the D. 8. M. He was cited for “exceptionally meritorious and distinguished service” as commander of the U, 8. forces in the India-Burma theater.
ry
*HANNAH ¢
We, the Women Glamour Girl Once; Always Glamour Girl
By RUTH MILLETT WHEN Congresswoman Clare Boothe Luce decided to make her debut” as an actress during the congressional recess, her consiite ‘uents began to worry over whether or not it was fitting and proper for a represent ative to turn actress in her spare time. Why-there should have peen any raised eyebrows is hard to understand. Surely, the voters who elected one of the country’ S : most glamorous women to represent them didn’t expect her to relinquish the title of “glamour girl"—just because they set her up as a lawmaker in Washington. » » w AND with all the competition from pin-up girls, no fortyich woman is going to retain her glamour title and keep her picture smiling out of newspapers and magazines without working hard at the job, : _ So the folks who sent Mrs. Luce “te Washington to represent them shouldn't have been at all surprised to see their congresswoman making her stage debut during a congressional recess. Nor should’ they be surprised at the next stunt the versatile Mrs. Luce pulls, when she thinks it is
time to start people: talking again. ”
THEY dectien a glamour girl, and a glamour girl is what they are going to have, no matter how many years she stays in office. For the voters who elected her to expect anything else, is as fool-
ish as for a man to marry the
. town’s most popular girl and expect her to settle down and be the shy, self-effacing little woman. There are women who are born - loving the spotlight and knowing how to keep it turned brightly