Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 10 August 1945 — Page 11

Inside Indichapolis TT

NELLIE M. COATS, chief of the state library cata= log division, wonders how many people ever notice the vertical sundial on the southeast corner of the Indiana Theater building, We admit that we walk by the theater about twice a day and never notice it. Miss Coats is interested since sundials are’ usually built on a flat plane rather than being set in a wall, Moe Esserman, manager of the t h e ater, agreed that vertical sundialy are unusual, We went over and gazed “up at it. about _ 10 minutes, ignoring curious stares directed our way. Then ” we walked on down to Western Union to see what time it was. . . . Tom Toll, 51056 Crittenden ave., has the fire depattment to thank for his new haircut. Tom .80t behind four small boys waiting in line at a barber shop. He kept watching the clock, wondering if he'd get in the chair in time to keep an appointment. Just as one finished customer was getting up the fire engines went by. The boys whizzed out the door and presto—Tom was in. . Pte. Maurice Egbert, at Ft. Harrison, asks why the Indianapolis Railways charge servicemen a fare when lines in some other cities provide free transpoftation. The answer is that“the government discourages free rides since it would create more travel on the overburdened system. Evan Walker of the Indianapolis Raliways is our authority.

Now the Automatic Bomb THIS ATOMIC bomb thing was such a well-kept

‘Homeless Poles

| MULHEIM, Germany. — Today and for uncountable { days to come, a former German army barracks on { the edge of this Ruhr industrial center is home to { 1200 Poles, part of the problem children of Europe. The Germans used them for forced labor, The ! ‘United Nations relief and reha- | bilitation administration shep- \ herded them together here as : displaced persons, Some of them would like to go home, but most of them are living ! in a vacuum without -any honest ' news of Poland, Therefore, they are frightened | by the stories they hear about the . Russians and Warsaw governiment. They will not be compelled

2:30 sun time . .. 3:30 Indianapolis time.

| , Meanwhile, they are simply : existing nere, fed, housed and bedded down through | UNRRA funds until somebody figures out what is to i become of them. | They are doing nothing, Onee in a while some of them sally into the night on little raiding parties. ! This annoys British garrison soldiers. But it tails to ruffle the camp commandant, Capt. Arthur Spencer, | a Yorkshireman now working for UNRRA. A prisoner of the Germans in the last war him- | self, Spencer says that it will take time for these ‘Poles to get over the vague, purposeless lassitude | which follows most prisoners’ liberation.

Health Generally) Good

MANY POLES here have handsome wage nest eggs. If Spencer finds that they have a good claim for back wages against some German construction firm which employed them as workers, blunt notice | is served and the firm pays up—in cash. { Tainted with that greyness which is the family resemblance of all “institutions,” the camp is being made as attractive as possible. The swimming pool is being cleaned.

‘Aviation ' BUCKLEY FIELD, Denver, Colo.—Even the “winds” ior war” blow “someone good.” | And world war II is going to give American chil{dren—and school teachers—for the first time in history, accurate maps of the world. No available school

or other maps are accurate, ac- ' cording to educators who attended the Air Age Education Congress ‘at Denver university late in July. | They decided that our school ge‘ographies will have to be made over, not only because of chang- | ing boundary lines due to war, but | because past map-making has been ™ inaccurate, The latest maps, for instance, ithat could be found of France prior to the D-day invasion, were | made in 1880 : | Due to the great and dangerous job being done iby the 311th ‘photo reconnaissance wing and the geo[detic control, headquartered at this field, the school [systems of America should have—when peace comes faccurate maps of most of the world. y Maj. Irving V. Ostem-Hacken, operations officer lin charge of geodetic control in the Middle East, told thow maps are being made in places never before visited by a white man. Flying C-47's - (the airline Douglas DC-3) over fwild, unknown country in Africa, Maj. Ostem-Hacken land his crew fix on a landmark, a white stone, a hill or some other spot that could be seen plainly.

Stars Give Location THEY THEN circle for the closest landing spot jand come down, sometimes 50 miles away. They ake their way to that point, set up celestial instruments and sight them on the stars. “We can locate the latitude and longitude of such point within one-tenth of a second of accurate,” said the major. From that point the crew works out a 50-mile pquare, fixing on three other points as corners. A

My Day

NEW YORK, Thursday—When William Cowper, in his “Light Shining Out of Darkness,” wrote the lines: God ‘moves in a mysterious way His wonders to perform; * He plants His footsteps in the sea, And rides upon the storm.

e was hardly *thinking about our new world— e atomic, world in which we are living today! One ust, however, feel the hand of God as one ponders the story of Dr. Leise Meitner, working with her two German colleagues. When Hitler came to power, he first steps of our new disovery had been made. Hitler ried to force Dr. Meitner to flivulge her knowledge; but being Jewess and seeing the rising de of hate, she left for Copenhagen, - Her knowledge finally eached the famous scientist, Dr. Bohr, who was then working in » United States. Dr. Meitner, I andersiand, says t she does not know how much she contributed 0 the ultimate making of the atomic bomb. This

much we know—that at the foot of. the pyramid

here was a woman who had the courage to- face new knowledge. How ironic that it is the Ger-

on Tn ie ae making: this djs:

"Gaelic prefix meaning “son.”-.,

sécret that it, crept up on the unsuspecting newsstand |

operators. Ome of our agents heard several newsboys and newsmen crying .out the headlines, “Yanks Drop Automatic Bomb!” ., . Dutch Eggert, eagle-| eyed ‘Times composing room employee, points out that even the all-knowing Mr. Webster didn't guess they were going to split up the atom. In a lengthy definition of the atom Webster's dictionary ‘calls it “a minute, indivisible particle.” Dutch wonders if they'll revise the definition in the next edition. ... Speaking of definitions, are you guilty of using the universal salutation “Hey Mac?” One of our bookish agents says that “Mac” wrongly contracted to M’ or Mc, is a . . Hot Weather Note: One downtown 10-cent store has Christmas cards on its counter. ‘Another, has started selling artificial Yule trees. Only 116 shopping days until Christmas.

Trolley Riders Honest “|

MISS VIOLA BUTTS, Veterans hospital recrea= tion director, has rosy dreams of a room full of musical instruments ‘for the patients. Ene recently got her first contribution to the room. Mr. and Mrs. Arthur H. Ruland of Knox, Ind. donated a banjo to be used by the patients. The banjo was the favorite instrument of their son, Pvt. Clayton W, Sprague, who was killed last year in France. Miss Butts says several patients already ‘have borrowed it... . Paul Ross, over at the state commerce and public relations department, is scratching his head over a letter from a woman in Hardensburg, Ky. The letter reads: “Dear Sir: Somewhere in your state there is a company that grows all kinds of medical herbs and publishes an almanac with letters from patrons who have used their products, Can you tell me the name of the company and where it is?” Paul can’t but he's still<dooking for an answer. . . . Trackless trolley riders are usually honest, at least ‘riders on the Cen=tral line, One operator who lets people crowd through the back door during the rush hour says only a slim minority take advantage of the opportunity to save a fare. Most of them pass their tokens or fare right up to the front. MB

By Edward Morgan

Bomb craters have been filled in, in the playing field. A The central heating equipment and kitchen Installations are being repaired. (Food now has to be hauled four miles to the -barracks, It is usually an unattractive mixture of macaroni and milk, ladled from buckets to queues on the sidewalk.) - There is a canteen and theater. The health of these refugees appears incredibly good, The only answer is that, in some fortunate cases at least, the Germans did not treat them quite 80 badly as advertised. There is very little venereal disease and virtually no dysentery. Typhus is a threat, but cases have been rare in the areas.

Hear Only Propaganda THINGS happen in these camps that would cause a sensation and outcry in New York, Chicago and San Francisco—but this is Europe writhing in postwar confusion, not the United States. In one camp, sometimes as many as 20 or 30 abortions a month are performed. In the main dormitory of Spencer's crowded camp the air is astringent with dye. In one room you find two families living, eight persons altogether. It is clean, with pictures of the Madonna adorning the stark grey wall, but there are

» only five single beds. At night they double up.

Do they want to go home? oo. ‘They wonder what Poland is like. Nobody has told them, except artful propagandists of the former London Polish government and diehard Polish army officers. At the moment, not only is no effort being made to sort them out and lay plans for their future, but the staff, on orders from higher headquarters, is not supposed to discuss politics with them at all Meanwhile, they must languish here, although Poland and all Europe will need all the strong hands available for reconstruction.

By Max B. Cook

cameraman, held in the door of the plane by a belt similar to that of a window cleaner, and with his camera suspended from within the plane on a special derrick-like apparatus, photographs the surrounding country, hills, valleys, etc. They then rapidly plot the surrounding country. In Alaska, the maps now perfected show that the old available maps were inaccurate by miles, that many lakes were. uncharted and that some of the lakes and rivers were wrongly placed with reference to longitude and latitude and general shape. This holds true all over the world. When charting unknown country, Maj. OstemHacken said, exact navigation .is necessary because even land contact flying markings are unavailable. The navigator must watch every turn ot the plane and keep it plotted so that the plane can get back to its takeoff base.

Supplies by Parachite SUPPLIES HAVE to be parachuted down to the men on the ground, as they proceed with their work. In some cases amphibian planes are used for landings on water or flat fields which appear closer to the selected starting point than a possible landing place for a C-47. Burros, camels, trucks, and even oxendrawn carts and dog trains are being used by the geodetic control men whenever they can find them. They are risking their lives 811 over the world, daily, that the government may have—finally—an accurate map of the world and its individual countries. Helicopters, it developed today, are beginning to play an important part in the werk of the Geodetic group. Through their use, crews can be landed directly on the spot—no matter what the terrain— where they wish to set up celestial instruments and locate exact latitude and longitude. The rotor-driven planes also can easily deposit delicate instrumerits and all sorts of supplies, later pitking up the crews to move them to the other points at 50-mile distances. “The helicopter,” said Maj. Ostem-Hacken,” is a natural for this kind of work, especially in cases where rough terrain and impassable jungle make it impossible to land C-47s or amphibians, We expect to make execellent use of them.”

By Eleanor Roosevelt

1 wonder if we can learn from this story a lesson which I think God in His heaven must be trying very hard to teach us. He does not discriminate on lines of race or religion in the tools which He uses.

Clearly. He is asking us whether we have learned the lesson that in His world there is no place for discrimination or for hate. He has given. into our

hands the knowledge of a force so gréat that men|: can bring about their own destruction. God must|

believe that man has reached the point where he can also bring about his own salvation. As I read that dramatic story of Dr. Meitner’s, I could not help thinking that her courage was a challenge to every other woman in the world, and

* that perhaps we were meant to seé that women have

a grave responsibility which we cannot shirk, Many of us recognize and admire the greatness of Madame e, who gave something beneficent to mankind. But Dr. Meitner contributed the first steps in an invention which gives mankind power over its own fate. It is a great step forward, but like all steps forward it i$ somewhat awe-inspiring. Not to be afraid of it, one must have great faith

swirling gases,

a 4,

FRIDAY, AUGUST 10, 1945

A .

RAILROADING TOMORROW (5th of a Series by Charles T. ices) -

Locomotives Out of Test Tubes

Above 1s a drawinig of C. & O, steam turbine-powered electrically

driven locomotive.

HICAGO.—Research is'a word beginning to have

railroads today. They're pufting everything from locomotives to rail spike in laboratory test tubes to produce faster, safer, more economical

post-war U, S. rail transport.

Not in 40 years have the railroads taken such a thorough look-see at themselves. The 1 smarter ones i know that with« : out research they i can't meet the tougher peacetime competition ahead. Railroads been

have criticized

brand-new meaning on the

from within and °

without for not pushing research Mr. Lucey .5 have some other industries — automobiles and aviation, for instance, againdt which the rails compete. But today there's intensive research in progress in many phases of railroading. . & #2 4 STEAM, Diesel-electric and loco motives are fighting it out in the toughest kind of road tests for the right to haul the giant’s share of America’s multibillion dollar rail haul. New gas turbine and steam turbine locomotives, radically different from traditional steam locomotives of the past, are being developed as a possible counter to Diesel ascendancy in recent years. They're developing new types of rail, radically different spring suspensions for easier riding, new car trucks, lighter weight freight and passenger cars. The car builders are pushing research into light metals and roller bearings. Many railroads are bringing radio and electronics into practical application in rail communications. ” » » ONE OF the best-known rail laboratories is that of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad at

Denver. In that laboratory they let you look through a square of polarized glass into the interior of a model of a locomotive firebox. There you see a clay-like material—colloidal bentonite to.the technician—being pushed about in water at a terrific pace. What you're getting is a visual

reproduction in color of what goes

on inside the firebox as a big steam locomotive pours down the track— the 400-mile-an-hour pounding of cinders against flues, ” 2 n THAT'S the baby of a brainy research man named Walter Leaf. It's no mere laboratory curiosity, Interpreting the action of the gases has led to new.thinking on, firebox design. This, in turn, means lower fuel bills and decreased locomotive maintenance costs. When excessive rail failures .bedeviled the Denver and Rio Grande, Mr, Leaf went to work with scale models under polarized light. He showed various stresses in colors as pressure was applied in different places on the cross-section model. Field study of stresses confirmed laboratory findings. It added up to a design of what is considered a new, better rail. » n n

THERE were too many failures on side-rods connecting the big locomotive wheels, and they studied stresses on these similarly. Grease

Pictured here is a Diesel locomotive of the Great Northern

Railroad Co.

“, «+ « U. 8. railroads are puttting everything from locomotives to rail spikes into test tubes.”

cups, it was shown, had been placed at points of high operating stresses, and this contributed to failures. They relocated cups; rod failures dropped. -There’s a lot of ‘research under way on new, lighter cars, both freight and passenger. The Great Northern has what it calls America’s “most modern freight train”— made up of new plywood-steel cars two tons lighter than older cars. That's an important 200 tons weight saved on a long train. The Missouri Pacific will bring out “Sunshine Eagle” streamlined passenger trains weighing almost 300 tons less than traditional trains out of the past. ” " 2 THAT'S the whole trend in car manufacture, and builders like Budd, Pullman and American Car and Foundry are extensively re-

searching aluminum and lighter, stronger steel alloys. In locomotives, there's Tew research wherever you look. The Pennsylvania is testing the first direct-drive steam turbine locomotive in the U. S, and engineers like the results. It's a new type of coal-burning steam locomotive, powered by a turbine instead of the usual cylinders, pistons and driving rods. Jets of steam pour against the revolving blades of a turbine - wheel, and the turbine’s shaft transmits power to the. driving wheels through speed-reducing gears. ” s ” THE IDEA of this new giant is to eliminate reciprocating parts of the old-type steam engine, get a uniform flow of power to the driving wheels, and economy. It can pull a 100-mile-an-hour train. The Chesapeake & Ohio has three coal-burning locomotives of revolutionary type a building. In these, a 6000-horsepower steam turbine drives generators as on a Die-sel-electric, and the generators in turn furnish power for electric mo< tors which drive the locomotive. C. & O. officials believe it will perform better than conventionaltype steam engines and be really competitive with the Diesels. They believe it will take a heavier train over a hill, or any given train over a hill faster than erdinary steam. They say it means time saved in faster acceleration after stops or slowdowns. ” ” ” THEN, there’s a gas turbine locomotive in first stages of development—and this is the one research engineers think may be the real rail power of the future. Here, instead of running a turbine with steam,

it's done with air which is com-

pressed, then heated. Again, the turbine - powers generators which provide electricity for the electric motors which actually drive the train. One of the hurdles is to find steel for turbine blades that will take 1500-degree to 1750-degree Fahrenheit heat, of the -gas. That's one for the metallurgists, and they're hard at it. What all this means is that the railroads are in the most determined kind of search for better locomotives for tomorrow. SS 8 8 . THERE'S a special economic incentive in this for the big coalcarrying railroads. A lot of their revenue comes from hauling coal,

and the Diesel threat is an added prod to research on steam. Among the lines working with the coal industry or locomotive builders on new locomotive development are the Pennsylvania, New York Central, Norfolk and Western, Baltimore & Ohio, Louisville & Nashville, Chesapeake & Ohio, Illinois Central and the Reading. There’s alert research in Diesels and electrics, too. General Motors’ Electro-Motive division, building Diesels, points out hat only 2300 of the 43,000 locomotives on the rails are Diesel, and that’s a challenge they're getting ready to meet. Some lines, such as the Southern Railway, are headed for 100 per cent Dieselization. " » » THE chips are down for all three types—steam, , Diesel, electric—in exhaustive New York Central tests.

Big General Electric Joconel ves pull NYC trains between New York City anf Harmon, a Hudson river division point, and here and on the Pennsylvania the advantages of electric power have long been demonstrated. Given - traffic density, many engineers say, the electric locomotive is the answer. The NYC is putting Diesels through the pace, too, and proving their high availability—27,000 miles a month for a locomotive. But, again, it has new steam giants stout enough to handle a big freight and fast enough to take the Twentieth Century Limited from New York to Chicago right on the minute. ” " s IN RADIO for the rails, there's research going on all over the country. The Rock Island, Milwaukee, Burlington, Santa Fe, Louisville & Nashville, Denver and Rio Grande —on all of them men talk from yard tower to train, or from locomotive to caboose. ating in dozens of ways.

THE DOCTOR SAYS: Unhappy? Rest a Little More Each Day

Fatigue—Nature’'s Warning Sign

By WILLIAM A. O'BRIEN, M. D. FATIGUE is a warning sign of nature that it is time to stop and rest. Laziness is an attitude of the mind which prevents us from working before we have a chance to get ) . tired. ! After a variable amount of mental and physical sactivity, everyone develops djscom- + fort whic at + times is painful. . Your head be- © comes dull and heavy; you are easily distracted; thoughts come ‘wandering into your consciousness. You find it difficult to complete your assignments. Your associates tell you that\you are touchy, snappy, or fussy. Your face betrays your anxiety, boredom, or tearfulness,

Eventually you become sleepy or]

restless, and unless you rest or sleep, you will not be able to carry on. " ” ” MUCH is now known about

latighe ; Apparently there are sever-

“

Ne use a ‘muscle until it tres, and then: it will no longer|" con! s is local fatigue, - Most,

demonstrated by chemical sryalysie) of the blood. It is possible to stimulate a nerve attached to a muscle until the muscle will no longer contract, 5. hn THE NERVE is apparently unable to carry any more impulses, but at the same time the muscle itself will contract if glectrically stimulated, indicating it was nervous exhaustion and not muscular fatigue which was responsible. Nervous exhaustion is probably a greater factor in fatigue than most of us realize. Boring, tiresome work is the thing which makes most of us say we are tired. ” » ” CHEMICAL studies of fatigue have been carried out in one of our large universities. “These show that if you work hard over a short period of time, lactic acid and pyruvic acid mocuniulates in the blood. On the other hand, Jong tin ued slower effort d not cause these changes to occur.” Apparently the acids are absorbed as they are formed. . There is an old social custom of sitting down and having somethmg| to eat when we are tired. en one time-it was believed that

‘rather. tha tor

MANY industrial programs were planned around-these extra feeding periods. In one factory some .workers consented to experiment with management, in finding out if food was really responsible, They simply sat around and did not eat anything, They were just as rested as those who ate, emphasizing the greater importance of the rest period.

» - a IF YOU are chronically tired, before deciding that you are just

Hazy, have your physician check you

over to see if you are’ physically sound, 0 If he gives you a clean bill of health, check your diet to see if you are eating well-balanced meals. Try going to bed earlier. If you do all these things and you are still tired, instead of blaming your muscles or fatigue poisons you had better check your attitude toward your Sark.

MANY housewives bored by their

It speeds oper-|

Then, there’s a lot of smart industrial research being done by the Erie, Missouri Pacific, Frisco and other roads. The Erie is studying intensively the population and industrial shifts in territories from which it draws traffic. It is getting to know much more than in the past about the revenue value of specific commodities it hauls. & a #8 ¢ IT IS studying ways of continuing in peacetime the wartime practice of loading cars nearer capacity than ever before, possible with some form of incentive to shippers who co-operate. Similarly the Missouri Pacific, with one of the most alert rail research programs, is making studies to compare its traffic volume with production, consumption, imports and exports in areas it serves. If traffic trends don’t follow produc-tion-consumption trends, the MoPac asks why and sets out to find a remedy. » The Frisco is doing an’ “aggressive job of industrial and agricultural research and development along its lines, and already has brought some new industries to its territory. 8 » ” ALL THIS means simply that railroads aren't sitting back waiting for business to come to them: They know they've got to fight for it competitively when peace comes, and this research fortifies them as nothing else could. The whole field of railroad operating is being researched by an Association of American Railroads’ committee of able, progressive railroadmen. The committee’s research is on both physical and economic sides, all aimed at helping the rails hold a dominant place in post-war transportation.

(To Be Continued)

Aero Club to

Hear Soehner

A ROBERT SOEHNER, senior aeronautic inspector for the In dianapolis office of the Civil Aeronautics Administration, will ade

dress the Ine.

dianapolis Aero club at 8 p. m. Tuesday in Turner Cafe at Weir Cook municipal airport, Non-members may attend the meeting. Mr. Soehner’s talk 3s will he on “The . New Civil Air Robert Soehner Regulations for Pilots as Applied to the Private Flier.” . Club officers are Earl N. Armbrush, president; Robert P. Joyce, vice president; L. A. Pruitt, treasure;, and Arthur E. Patterson, secretary.

. The Indianapolis Times

pm SECON D SECTION |

PAGE 11 Labor ! A. F. L. Heads Again Beckon John L. Lewis

By FRED W. PERKINS CHICAGO, Aug. 10.—~With the end of the Japanese war in sight, the American Federation of Labor chieftians meeting here are giving attention to a home front problem—John L, Lewis, president of the United Mine Workers. Mr. Lewis broke with the A. PF. of I\ founded the I. O. Later he left thé C. L 0. with his own union of half a million

- members,

Return of Mr. Lewis to the A. F. of L. has been forecast for months. Back in the A. F. of L. he would be in position ta draw members and perhaps whole unions away from the C. 1. O. Thus he might unite the American labor movement which he once spectacularly split, The most definite Lewis news here is that. John Marchiando president of the Progressive Miners of = America, has bee: called in—~by the A PF, of L executive council to say whethe: his union would agree to compro mise on its national claims o jurisdiction over coal miners, g » » -

WHEN THE U. M. W, left fhe »

A. PF. of L., the coal flelds wer: turned -over by the latter to the Progressive Mingys. This unio has done no more than maintai ‘its strength, mainly in souther: Illinois. The A. PF. of L. proposes tha the Progressives keep their pres ent territory, and the rest of th coal country —by far the large part — be turned over tor Mn Lewis under general A. F, of 1 supervision. Mr. Merchiando’'s reply wz’ that such a question could be de cided only by a convention of th Progressive Miners. No suc. meeting has been called. The main meaning of thes proceedings is that the A. F. ¢ L. leaders are trying to find : way to get Mr. Lewis back with out breaking the A. F. of L. “constitutional guarantee of juris diction over coal miners to th Progressives. » » » THIS PORTENDS an early re turn of Mr. Lewis to the A. F. ¢ L. and probable trouble for th C. 1. O. If it turns out that wa} there will be increased industric disturbance in the back-to-peac: period. The official council's actions in clude a directive for Presiden

| # William Green and other officer

to call on-President Truman t ask for an end to wage freezing and other governmental control over labor. The A. F. of L. wants the wa labor board to end its supervisio of wage matters, and wants a re turn to collective bargaining without official supervision,

*HANNAH¢

We, the Women———

Mrs. G. I. Joe Prefers Home

To Overseas

By RUTH MILLETT ALL RIGHT, girls. You can relax now. And stop talking abeut your plans for taking this o1 that foreign language and turn your thoughts toward new curtains, and what shade would dc

** most for the

Mving joom walls, It looks as though you aren't going to be following your men to % Europe. NN 4 Evidently 3 SE President Tru- h man is one of \ those men who A believes woman’s place is in the home. The army newspaper Stars and Stripe§ reports that the President is ope posed to sending wives and famie= lies of United States occupation troops to Germany. ” ” = OF COURSE, he didn't give that as his reason for his opposie tion to American women being sent to join their men abroad. According to Stars and Stripes the reason he gave was that he didn’t want Americans to “settle in Europe.” But it doesn’t look to Mrs. G. T. Joe as though the danger of American men settling in Europe is tied up with their getting theit wives and families over there, » ” ” FROM WHERE she sits, it 10oks to the service wife as though the American men most likely to settle in foreign countries are those who fall in love with the women of those countries. ' And the way to encourage such alliances is to leave American women over here, and keep American men over-seas, But Mrs. Joe will quietly give up her plans for getting to Eue rope, if the President comes Shidugh with his own plan. that is

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