Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 6 August 1945 — Page 1

dianapolis

FORECAST: Fair tonight and tomorrow. Cooler tonight. Slightly avarmer tomorrow.

VOLUME 56—NUMBER 127

SCRIPPS = HOWARD

. By CHILES COLEMAN United Press Staff Correspondent

, WASHINGTON, Aug. 6.—The United States has unleashed against Japan the ‘terror of an atomic bomb 2000 times more powerful than the

biggest blockbusters ever used in warfare. President Truman: revealed this great scientific achievement today and warned the Japanese that they now : face “a rain of ruin from the air the like of which has never been seen on this earth.” More and more of these devastating bombs, unlocking the vast-hidden energy that lies within the atom, will tumble on Japan if they. continue to reject the Potsdam surrender ultimatum. The new atomic bomb was used for the first time yesterday. An American plane dropped one on the Japanese army base at Hiroshima,

20,000 Tons of TNT Its use marked victory for the allies in the greatest scientific race in history. We put $2,000,000,000 and the work of 125,000 persons into the project. A single bomb has more power than 20,000 tons of TNT. It has more than 2000 times the blast power of the British “grand slam” bomb, the largest ever used previously in the history of warfare. Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson disclosed that an ~improved bomb would be forthcoming shortly that ‘would _ increase “by several fold” the present effectiveness of the new weapon. The war department said that it was not yet able to make an accurate report of the damage caused by the first bomb. “Reconnaissance planes state that an impenetrable cloud of dust and smoke covered the target area,” an an-

MONDAY, AUGUST 6, 1045

OAK RIDGE, Tenn, Aug. 6 (U. P).— This secret city of 75,000, where the new death-dealing atomic bombs are being made, was a sleepy farming area dotted by oak and pine trees three years ago. Today, Oak Ridge is the fifth largest city in. Tennessee. : Even the name of Oak Ridge has been camouflaged under the government designation of the Manhattan engineers district. Col. Kenneth F. Nichols, in charge of the project here, revealed many thousands of workers were not told of the nature of the project they were working on. “The work was so departmentalized that each worker knew only his own job and has

war.

Those workers who guessed the secret, or heard rumors about the atomic bomb, were careful not to mention it. It was disclosed heré that the Oak Ridge project. had cost the government $1,106,393,300. Oak Ridge, 15 miles from Knoxville, is expected now to be ranked as one of the historic cities of America—a city associated with the greatest secret project of the war. Only certain top-ranking scientists, engineers, and army officers knew the full implica-

tions of the project, but. even in such cases there were limitations. The head of one plant, for instance, was kept completely isolated from other plants where different processes and methods were used. Not only did the workers not know what they were working on, but the vast majority could not be sure they were, actually producing anything, it was said. They would see huge quantities of material going into the plant, but nothing coming out. This created an atmosphere of unreality, in which giant plants operated feverishly day and night to produce nothing that could be seen or touched.

‘nouncement said. sult of the bombing become available, they will be released

“As soon as accurate details of the re-

by the secretary of war.” Development of the bomb, a victory of American scien-

tists in a desperate race with Germany, is “the greatest

achievement of organized science in history,” Mr. Truman

said in a statement released at the White House.

The United States, he added, is now prepared “to obliterate more rapidly and completely every productive enterprise the Japanese have above ground in any city.” He revealed that the July 26 ultimatum issued to Japan at Potsdam was made “to spare the Japanese people from utter destruction.” When-the-ultimatum-was-rejected, the. .atomic. bomb was. sent into action. “If they (the Japanese leaders) do not now accept our terms, they may expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth,” he said. :

Mr, .Truman revealed that' “two great plants and many lesser works” employing more than 65,000 workers are producing the new atomic bomb. Even more destructive bombs are being developed, he said.

Production centers are located at Oak Ridge, near |

Knoxville, Tenn., at Richland, near Pasco, Wash., and near Santa Fe, N. M. Mr. Truman's statement, released while he still was en route home by cruiser from Potsdam, lifted the secrecy from one of the most closely-guarded enterprises of the it in warfare has been allowed under the newspaper and radio code of the office.of censorship. war. No mention of atomic power or any possible use of _Mr. Truman did not réveal the effects the first bomb used against Japan. He said, however, that despite the vast multiplied potency of the bomb, “the physical size of the explosive charge is exceedingly small.” “It is an atomic bomb,” he said. “It is a harnessing

Entered as Second-Class Matter at Postoifice Indianapolis 9, Ind, Issued daily except Sunday

U. S. Unleashes ‘Atomic Bomb’ On eapon lquals

SECRET CITY OF

PRICE FIVE CENTS

aps;

000 Blockbusters

75,000 UNLOCKS HIDDEN ENERGY

not the slightest inkling of how his part entered the whole,” he said. A few key men knew the secret, and they kept it—probably the best kept secret of the

“The force from which the sun draws its power has been loosed against those who brought war to the Far East.” Stimson revealed that uranium is the essential ore in the production of the bombs. He added that “steps have been taken and will continue to be taken to insure adequate supplies of this mineral.” Stimson said that “we are convinced that Japan will not be in a position to use an atomic bomb in this war.” “It is abundantly”clear that the possession of this weapon by the United States even in its present form should prove a tremendous aid in the shortening of the war against Japan,” Stimson said. Stimson praised highly the scientists who had developed atomic power. ‘Brilliant Achievements’ “Behind these concrete achievements lie the tremendous contributions of American science,” he declared. No praise is too great for the unstinting efforts, brilliant achievements and complete devotion to the national inter--est of the scientists of this country. Nowhere else in the world has science performed so successfully in time of

war.”

The first atomic bomb presumably was dropped from a B-29 Superfortress. Reviewing the fearful potency of the new bomb, the President said he would recommend that congress consider

the establishment of an appropriate commission to control Ly the production and use of atomic power within the United

States. “I shall give further consideration and make fuller recommendations to the congress as to how atomic power can become a powerful and forceful influence toward the (Continued on Page 3 —Column 1)

Five Face Court- Martial in Ft. Harrison Riot

Officers for a court-martial arrived at Stout fleld today from Ft. Hayes at Columbus, O. They are, left to right, front row, Capt, Edward J. Geran, Col. Robert S. Harsh, Lt. Col. James Morris, Maj. Howard

f NANES REVEALED AT ARRAIGNMENT

Defense Challenges Initial Court President.

Names of five soldier-prisoners under trial at a Ft. Harrison courtmartial were revealed at their arraignment today.

The five men are accused of instigating a riot and fire that cost two “lives and resulted in damage

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|

BR EE I,

W. Goodman and Lt. August Petrillo. Back row, left to right, are Capt. Cyrus B. Frost and Capt. Henry F. Orzechowski. The ree arrived by plane at Stout field.

Senator Hiram In Sleep at

Senator Hiram Warren Johnson (R. Cal.), one of the few survivors of the “little band of willful men” who fought the League of Nations in 1920, died today a few weeks after he had reaffirmed his lifelong isolationism by opposing the United Nations Charter, The California elder statesman, dean of senate Republicans, died in his sleep at Bethesda, Md., naval

hospital at 5:45 a. m. He would

Mrs. Goering Says Doctor Attempted. to Poison Hitler

By CURT RIESS Times Foreign Correspondent NEAR GERMAN-CZECHOSLO-VAK BORDER—Hermann Goering’s wife, Frau Emmy Goering, told me that Adolf Hitler's personal i physician sought on one occasion to poison the fuehrer. The exact time of this alleged infotdent she did not disclose.

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ifAmusements . 16|Charles Lucey 9 jEddie Ash ... 6|Mauldin Business ..... 11 Jy {Comics ...... 13 jOvossword a 13 ditorials ... 10 . w 10} ve 12 ve. 20

Movies ....... 16 Obituaries ... 7 Dr. Obrien.... 16

And there is a certain mystery inherent in the remainder of what she told me about. it. She did give the reason. It was, according to Frau Goering, because the doctor realized that Hitler was mad. 2 HERE is the sory a she told 1 it to me: The fuehrer had two physicians, Morell and Brandt. .

Morell decided that his patient he put a quantity of strychnine

By chance Doctor Brandt saw the prescription. He recognized its significance, and rushed to Hitler. “My fuehrer,” he cried, “Morell wents to murder you.”

should die. 80 into a prescription |

that, in course of time, would have | been lethal. ?

Johnson Dies Navy Hospital

WASHINGTON, Aug. 6. (U. P).—have celebrated his 79th birthday

on Sept. 2. Johnson, who had been in ill health for several years, took little part in the Charter debate. He telephoned his “no” vote, the first recorded, to the senate for~ eign affairs committee when it approved the Charter. When the senate itself voted, Johnson was unable to be on the floor, but was paired against the Charter, ’ Isolationist Survivors The other two survivors of the little isolationist group in the 1920 senate credited with frustrating the dream of President Woodrow Wwilson for U. 8. leadership in the League of Nations both voted for the Charter this time. They are Senator ‘Arthur Capper (R. Kas.), and Senator David I. Walsh ®. Mass.) cohnson had been in the hospital since July 18, three days after

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today was seeking

BOY, 7, SEIZED AGAIN IN FIGHT

This Time, Steve Pitman Taken by Mother.

Seized last night from the front

old Steven Pitman today was back in the custody of his mother at an unrevealed address.

Object of a bitter child custody fight here, Steve has changed hands half a dozen times while legal red tape knotted final disposition of the case. His stepfather and mother, Mr. and Mrs. James Stonehouse, took the lad from ‘his grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. George Pitman, following a brief front porch skirmish. The Pitmans live at 902 S. Missouri. It marked the second time Steve had been seized. Two weeks ago his grandparents grabbed him from his mother’s yard. A Turbulent Scene

Last night his mother and stepfather drove to the Pitman home in & taxi. Seeing her son playing ih a front porch swing, Mrs. Stonehouse leaped from the cab, ran to the porch, and took him by. the hand. ‘The grandparents then rushed out. As trouble threatened, Stone-

{house, the stepfather, also emerged

from the cab. Following a turbulent scene, the Stonehouses fled with Steve in the taxi. Mrs. Stonehouse took her son to the home of a friend. Steve Talks to Reporter. The grandfather, Mr. Pitman, their whereabouts. "He said a squad car ace companied him~to the Stonehouse home last night but “nobody was there.” He also traced the driver of the

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BETTER ARTIFICIAL HAND DEVELOPED]

Cord to Shoulder Muscles!

Operates Mechanism.

By Scripps-Howard Newspapers WASHINGTON, Aug. 6,—The naval dental school here has developed an artificial hand which officials say is 4 marked improvement over those supplied heretofore to veteran-amputees. The product of a year’s research, the hand 1s said by its designers

unsightly hook, worn chiefly when the user is wo , and the appearance of the standard imitation

|hand, which has little utility. The

device is said to pe “almost as efficient” as the working hook. Officials list among its advantages its light weight (less than

to combine the performarice of the]

‘ HOUSEWIFE'S DREAM—

Automagic Does Everything Buf Clean the Floor

By JANE FARRANT United Press Staff Correspondent CHICAGO, Aug. 6.—Realization

of a housewife’s dream—a combi-

porch Of Nis grandparents, J-Yéar*f- nation clothes ‘washer, potato

peeler and dish washer, with the addition of a butter churn and ice cream freezer only a step away -—was near today. Unlike many post-war dreams, this one will come true by the first of 1946, unless an unexpected material shortage develops. F J » ” EDWARD N. HURLEY, president of the Hurley Machine division of Electric Household Utilities, Chicago, is the man responsible for the domestic miracle. The Thor automatic washer, the “dream” will be called. It's planned as a kichten unit to be operated daily as a dish washer and potato peeler. Then, on wash day, the house wife need only install the clothes washing attachment, light enough to be lifted and attached in less than a minute, Hurley said.

s ” » ONE MODEL-will be equipped with an automatic dial. The housewife sets the dial ‘and then does her housework while the

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COMMUNISM IS GROUP’S TARGET

‘Rock of Freedom’ Chartered by Indiana Men.

By SHERLEY UHL A new “anti-Communist” organization which, its founders say, will be national in scope, has been incorporated here. Its title is the “Rock. of Freedom.” Resident agent of the Rock of Freedom is Bayard C. Marsh, Indianapolis attorney with offices in the Indiana Trust building. The other co-founders are George ‘M. Musgrave of Martinsville, commercial artist with a studio here, and Frank C. Swift of Fairfield, O., aircraft plant employee. Membership is open to any “natural born or naturalized American citizen in good standing.” “You have to be a good Ameri can,” said Mr. Marsh. . ‘For Good Government’

“We intend to interest ourselves in good government, to preserve good government, and to combat communistic inroads,” said Mr. Marsh

He said the “Rock of Freedom” is now in the process of “propagating its membership and extending into other states.” Mr. Marsh said the organization already has at least a hundred members and is “growing rapidly.” Indianapolis will be its national headquarters, he added. Dues are $12.50 a year. In articles of ricorporation, i he I ‘seeretary of of * Freedom” is listed

of the bagic power of the universe.” {

Saf

HOOSIERS AID IN MAKING BOMB

2000 From State Work in Secret Plants.

By ROGER BUDROW Times Business Editor A number of Indiana war plants and war workers have helped produce the war's top secret weapon— the atomic bomb, revealed today by President Truman, ~ Some 2000 wrkers left their Hoosier homes for plants at Oak Ridge, Tenn., near Knoxville; Richland,

N. M. They didn’t know what they were making—neither did the people who hired them. They saw great quantities of material going into the plants, but nothing coming out as a finished product. The product is so small it could be concealed from all but a very few. Take Part in Project Among the war plants taking part in the super-secret project were P. R. Mallory & Co. of Indianapolis, of Kokomo, Ingersoll Steel Disc Co. of New Castle and Marion Malleable Foundry. The National Homes of Lafayette sent hundreds of prefabricated houses for workers at the Tennessee project. Recruiting the 2000 Indiana workers to build the great atomic projects in Tennessee and Washington and later, to operate them, was the No. 1 priority in state war manpower commission employment offices. Hiring workers and sending them so far away, when they were needed by local war plants, brought some criticism. It was announéed only with the information that the seciet project had been given the green light by Washington officials. 135 Left Last Fall

Last fall about 135 workers left Indianapolis for the Washington project, the largest group recruited

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ISLE OBLITERATED BY BAITISH BOMB

2000 Times Stronger.

By JACK ROWLES United Press Staff Correspondent NEW YORK, Aug. 6 (U, P.).— The British “grand slam” bomb mentioned: by President Truman is a 22,000-pound earth shaker, so powerful that one of them obliterated an entire granite island in the English channel when it was droppéd in experiments, the British information service said today. Mr. ‘Truman's announcement that the hew atomic bomb is 2000 times more powerful than the “grand slam” staggered the imagination of British military commentators here. The grand slam, 25 feet long and three feet, 10 inches in diameter,

in southern England. The-BIS said that observers a mile and a half away saw clumps of earth weighing’ 10 tons hurled into

Wash. near Pasco, and Santa Fe,

Haynes Stellite Co.|

ds conte on Tage 3—Calumn 4)”

580 SUPERFORTS FIRE 4 JAP CITIES

Smoke Towers 150 Feet; Fighters Rake Tokyo Areas as New U. 8. “Atom Bomb’

Rips Japs; Canadians Enter War.

By WILLIAM F. TYREE United Press Staff Correspondent

GUAM, Aug. 6.—Towering fires visible 150 miles swept through four Japanese cities after a 580-plane Superfortress

raid today.

Tokyo reported that a “small number” of B-29’s struck

northwest of Kure

MILITARY DEPOT 15 FIRST ATOMIG TARGET

Hiroshima Tah Point of Embarkation.

\ WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 (U. PJ. —Hiroshima, the Japanese army city that was the first target of an

atomic bomb in history—was described by the White House today as a major quartermaster depot and a leading port of embarkation, The city contains large military supply depots. Its principal industries are the manufacture of large guns and tanks, agliitons and aircraft parts. The White House said that residential construction was “typically Japanese” but that it/had two types of warehouses. THe Ujina port region, it said, is congested with both fireproof and combustible warehouses, open stores and small factories. The industrial construction varies from “very heavy™ as in the case of the large ordnance plants to the light engineering type along the east side of the town proper, The latest census gave Hiroshima a population of 318,000, The city proper, including the Ujina port district, measures roughly four by three miles, while the industrial and military storage district to the east is a strip three miles long and a mile wide. »

New. Atomic Product Is'TOMATO JUICE IS

NOW RATION FREE

WASHINGTON, Aug. 6 (U. P.).— Grocers placed “ration-free” signs today on canned tomato juice, mixed vegetable juice, grapefruit juice and blended grapefruit and orange juice. * Their point values were removed, effective yesterday, because of substantial boosts in prospective civilian supplies as result of lowered. miliSay needs and increased produc-

ARMY OIL PIPELINE IN EUROPE SHUT OFF

LONDON, Aug. 6 (U. P).~The

was once dropped on ordinary soil the

‘at Hiroshima, an important Japanese army base 20 miles

(President Truman announced in Washington that the world’s most powerful explosive —the new “atomic bomb,” equal to 20,000 tons of TNT—was first used Sunday against Hiroshima. Tokyo said Hiroshima was raided at 8:20 a. m. Monday, Tokyo time, 4:20 p. m. Sunday (Pacific war time). (There was no immediate reaction from the 20th U. S. air force headquarters to President Tru-

man's disclosure of the existence of the atomic bomb, described as 2000

‘DESOTO, Kas, Aug. 8 (U. P.). -Lt, Col. Donald R. Hyde, coms mandirig officer of the Sunflower ordnance plant, producer of the highly potent rocket powder, declared today that the description of the atomic bomb indicated “it is beyond the wildest imagination.” In terms of ordinary bombs, he said, “it is impossible to describe what 20,000 tons of TNT would de.” times more powerful than the Brit ish ‘grand slam’, largest bomb ever used in the history of warfare.) (Tokyo said" both incendiary and explosive bombs were dropped on Hiroshima - but beyond President Truman's brief reference to it as the first atomic bomb target; there was no information .available on the raid from official allied sources.) Veteran B-29 crewmen returning from their 3850-ton pre-dawn raid said they started tremendous fires at the industrial centers of Maebashi and Nishinomiya—Mikabe on Honshu, Saga on Kyushu, Imbari on Shikoku and at the synthetic gasoline plant at Ube. Fighters Hit Tokyo Tokyo reported U. S. fighter bombers hit Tokyo and five sure rounding prefectures a few hours after the Superfortress smash, Ate tackers included 130 Iwo-based Mustangs, which reportedly struck in two waves for an hour shortly be fore 9 a. m. Tokyo time, bombing and strafing military and transport objectives. While the air war Sqalnst Japan mounted in inténsity, it was dis-

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