Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 31 July 1945 — Page 3

1945 1s ERANS

1 (U. P).— ed veteran ats to build , may soon by 165-foot

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red tax de n as home ty commise recommend

t taxes on -

action on rom county

realtor- and D originated 750,000-acre ed for poste

the James

'w jobs and plan 1s te ailable tree as resideng

nemorial to I,” he sald, delinquent 8.”

EL ———_

TUESDAY, JULY 31, 1945

! Laborites Will Still Revere

Traditions Born of Dueling

“continued From. Page One)

will have him!” And his proposer and seconder, seizing him by the hands, pulled him from his seat to the speaker’s chair. Ever since, the speaker-elect rises in his place and publicy proclaims himself unworthy of the honor conferred upon him, Observing the rest of the now obligatory” ceremony, he then remaing firmly seated in his place.

" sg He is taken by the hand by the

proposer and seconder, goes through the motions of physical resistance, and finally he is “forcibly” led to the speaker's chair, J " » "

GREAT RESPECT is paid to the speaker. The members of the upper chamber address their house as “My lords.” But all speeches in the house of commons begin with the words: ‘Mr. Speaker,” and are addressed to the speaker, Iron-bound tradition demands that during the debate a member never refer to another by name. Instead, he speaks of him as “the honorable member from Birming- _ ham"—or whatever the other . man’s constituency is. Alternatively, he may use such expressions as “the honorable gentleman who Spake before me.’ ” » IF THE man onternsi is a member of the armed forces, the custom is to refer .to him merely as “the gallant gentleman,” or “the reverend gentleman” if he belongs to the clergy. A lawyer member is referred to as “the learned gentleman.” A member of the opposing party is often described as “the honorable gentleman on the other side of the house.” This seemingly senseless custom goes back to the days when members carried swords, and injection of personalities into a discussion could easily lead to bloodshed.

n » » ’ FOR THE same original reason, members still -are not permitted to stand in the gangway between the seats while addressing the house. Or, when rising to speak from one of the front seats below the gangway, to step across a red line which is drawn on the carpet .some two feet from its edge.

The offender is immediately in- :

terrupted by loud cries of “Order! Order!” The house of commons is the only place in Britain where the king has no right to enter. His presence would positively not be tolerated. . » - » SIGNIFICANTLY, on certain occasions the proud commons deliberately pay their freely elected speaker royal honors, TE In most kingdoms of Europe, a person appearing in formal audience before a sovereign is still expected to bow three times as he approaches the king. When the whips of the major-

report the result of a house vote to the speaker, théy bow three times as they walk up to him, ay ia AMERICAN visitors to the gallery are .often amazed to see members of the house sitting in

In fact, only a few years ago this habit was general in the commons. It goes straight back to the first parliaments of Britain, in which lords and commons. still sat together. To demonstrate their superiority, the peers kept their hats on. Whereupon the burgesses and other ‘commons did the same thing. Thus they showed that they considered themselves the equals of the nobility.

SOME of the commons hail from the

was in constant danger of physical attack. One of these ancient ceremon-

on the first meeting of the house of commons. On these occasions, the yeomen

as the march from their barracks in St. parliament.

hidden explosives.

Gunpowder plot In 1605,

today as having no special significance is the practice of keep-

floors of ‘Big Ben”—the famed clock tower of the houses of parliament. This beacon is always kept the house of commons. The custom goes back to the days of the civil war between Charles I and the commons. The City of London having

“ranged that so long as the commons were sitting in safety—free ‘from interference sby the king— the beacon be kept burning to indicate that all was well

(Dr. Byng's next article will deal with deeper significance of some colorful customs on the house of lords.)

BRITISH ACTRESS DIES

Rorke, |“Candida,” died today | fordshire...8he was 81,

mse———————— DEGREES TO BE CONFERRED

{bekah

- lodge,

land Washington sts.

ity and opposition parties in the commons enter the chamber to

their places with their hats on.

” ” ” time-honored customs

days when the lower chamber

fes will be repeated this week

of the guard, commonly known “beef-eaters,” — wearing their ancient colorful uniforms—

James’ palace to the houses of There thy search the vaults of the building for The custom antedates Hitler's delayed action air bombs and

V-2's by ‘over 300 years—having originated immediately after the

ing a beacon lighted on the top

burning during the sessions of 9

sided with the iatter,-it- was dar-

_.Degrees will be conferred on new so: {candidates of Southeastern Re-

PETAIN HELPED I. S.-WEYGAND

General avs American Lives Saved in Africa.

PARIS, July 31 (U. P). — Gen. Maxime Weygand defended Marshal Henri Philippe Petain today as a faithful guardian of France's interests. ; He said Petain negotiated an inevitable armistice which made possible the relatively bloodless American invasion of North Africa. Weygand* wds generalissimo of French forces in the debacle of 1040. He told a tense and eager high court jury that Petain in November, 1942, sent repeated messages to Adm. Jean Darlan ordering the cessation of French hostilities against the Americans. The old and ailing géneral; fresh from imprisonment in Germany, testified at Petain's treason trial that Pierre Laval ordered the French to resist the American invasion without the knowledge of the old marshal, ‘Heavy Artillery’ The defense fired its heavy artillery ‘in calling Weygand for an impassioned appeal on hehalf of Petain, for whom he said he had only ‘veneration ‘and admiration.”

cause of France, as if the nation itself were on trial amidst aliens. He unwound a, dramatic story of the crumbling of the French deferises, France's helplessness against

the armistice which he sald was dictated by dire military necessity.

Leans on Cane

Waygand, leaning heavily on his| {cane and brusquely refusing per-

lights: 1. The. Americans would have s|“paid dearly” for the invasion of North ~ Africa without the French co-operation for which the armistice opened the way. Petain, using the armistice |tefms as.an argument, refused a Nazi ultimatum on June 18, 1940, demanding that Prance hand over icertain bases. 3. Weygand himself was solely responsible for -declaring - Paris--an open city. 4. Petain’s first step in connection with the armistice was to say that France never would surrender her fleet. 5. The Prench fought bravely and to the limit of human endurance against insurmountable odds in their last’ big battle—the “Calvary leading to the crucifix which was . the armistice. Everyone was

LONDON, July 31 (U. P.).—Kate|3t his post.”

who played the original p in isinal French no longer were able to co-

6. By June 12, 1840, when the ordinate their movements, Weygand decided they must ask for an armistice, and told the government

Weygand was brought in from

749, at a meeting |the Paris hospital, where he is uniat 8 p. m. tomorrow at Hamilton der technical arrest pending his

own accounting for his role in 1940. /

STRAUSS SAYS——— IT'S ONE DAY NEARER PEACE!

For hours Weygand declaimed the |

the onrushing tide of naziism, and|

0 perator. Leaps To Safety, Lift

Falls7 Floors

{Continued From Page One) 5

tions, such as cables, were met. Meanwhile Charles Bacon, city building commissioner, is mapping a program to augment his department, . “McGregor is the only inspector the city has,” he said. “One man cannot inspect every elevator in the city in a year's time as is required. “There are 1500 elevators in town,” Mr. Bacon said. McGregor working constantly all day cannot inspect thoroughly more than three and at the outside four elevators a day.” According to figures Mr, Mc~ Gregor can thoroughly inspect only about 1000 elevators a year. Mr. Bacon said the city had an arrangement with insurance concerns up to two years ago whereby the company’s inspectors could examine and place the city's approval on an elevator. This he feels should never have been abandoned.

PLANTS FACING COAL SHORTAGE

‘supplying new

Ickes Urges Army Release,

30,000 Miners.

(Continued From Page One)

miners can be released from the army American civilians will suffer

| more this winter than ever before ANOTHER defensive measure mission to testify from a chair, |in recent times. of old that strikes the tourist told a. story of France's downfall that, was studdéd with these high-

‘Might Prolong War’

Thus far, Ickes said. he has failed in repeated efforts to per= suade the services to release miners. “I do not see” he said, “how we can avoid curtailing supplies to indusiry. which would mean a partial or complete shutdown of some vital plants and perhaps prolong the war with Japan. Even a partial industrial shutdown means - unemployment.” .

Ickes defended plans to send

"6,000,000 tons-.of coal. to. Europe

as “necessary to bring next winter's coal “supplies in Europe's devastated areas up to the point where law and order can he preserved.” Not one pound of American coal, he said, will go which must depend upon its own mines, ‘Cruel Act’

Almost all of it will be used to relieve liberated peoples, he told | the committee, adding: “It would be too cruel to tow) off the brutal Nazi rule and impose in its stead an even more heartless deficiency of coal.” Full production in the Saar valley, controlled by France, -could solve Europe's coal problem next

be brought up to normal “in time.’

mines were turned over to that] country for operation. He -said he had recommende

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

TRUMAN MAY 12 ole ap Cities Put on B-29 Bombi

lchooses. to call, his visit will last

into Germany,

ter, but Shere 1s little Hkeihond. the final stages of the trial of MarPotter said, that production wou Jabal Henri Philippe Petain. Potter said also that Italy's coal | Ih production had dropped since they,

alt was hoped that he would land

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that the mines be put under the | allied military government but that| this had not been done. Senator Homer . Ferguson . (R.| Mich.) asker Ickes if he knew that| 40.000 tons a month had been taken| from the army's coal supply and | given to Italy. Shipments to Europe “I don’t know what the army does | with its supplies, » Jckes said. “If I were a senator, I'd know, but I'm only a cabinet member.” Rudolph Halley, th® committee's lawyer, developed by questioning that 130 ships woud! be required to carry the 6,000,000 tons of coal to Europe and 800,000 tons of the scheduled total already has been sent overseas, ? Halley brought out also that 300,000 tons a month are being shipped to France to \repay-that country for the coal used by the American army out of the French stockpile. Committee Chairman Mead suggested that. “almost daily or weekly conferences” of various governmental agencies be held to boost American coal production. Ickes replied that he had no objection to such meetings, but in= sisted that “the need is for more miners instead of conferéfices.”

We Need Miners

Mead asked Ickes if the men he wanted out of the army had sufficient points for discharge. “I didn’t go into that question,” Ickes said. need miners.” Ickes said that as things stand now next winter will be a cold one for many Americans “even if we "Hid not send a pound of bituminous coal to Europe.” The United States, he continued, has done “prodigious things” to provide fuel to run the war. “Weé have no magic: wands, and we can not produce coal without coal miners,” he said. “No one else can. If they are pot forthcoming, the public must be prepared to scrape the bottom of the fuel bin as never before.”

ACCEPTS PROMOTION “JOB FOR BAPTISTS

The Rev. Haakon Knudsen of Indianapolis has accepted the position of promotion for the Chicago Baptist association.

assistant pastor of the Lynhurst Baptist church, Aug. 19. The Rev. C. H. Scheick is pastor.

NAMED TO WMC POST SOUTH BEND, July 31 (U)\P. Miss Berniece W. Maxwell succeed David A. Nye, who as acting director of the South |S Bend area,

“I only know that we,

He will preach his final sermon as

).—»| dent of Red Cab. 1

war manpower come< ciety will meet in the School of

VISIT BRITAIN.

London Hare King to Greet President. (Continued From Page One)

*

the way home from Potsdam, but he declined on the grounds that he needed ot get back home as soon as possible. At whatever port Mr. Truman only a few hours, it was said. Believe® Big Three Session to End. POTSDAM, July 31 (U. £).—The Big Three were believed today to be | holding what may be their final conference after a two-day delay] caused by the slight illness of Premier Stalin: However, there. was no definite news on the conference. A spokesman said that 1» had no information. “The meeting of the Big Three is supposed to be‘ going on but we don’t know for. sure,’ the spokesman said. - (A London dispatch said Prime Minister Attlee was expected to return-to London in time for the

(Editorial, Page 12)

{opening of the new parliament to- | morrow and might arrive in the British capital tohight.) Stalin was confined to his Berlin quarters Sunday and Monday by his physician for what was described as a “slight indisposition’'— presumably a slight cold or indigestion. There was no explanation why official spokesmen told néwsmen that the three leaders were continuing to meet during the period while Stalin was unable to attend the sessions.

> Meet With Molotov

Sgqyiet Foreign Commissar V. M. Molotov, met with President Truman and Prime Minister Attlee on behalf of Stalin Sunday. Molotov also conferred with U. 8. Secretary of State James F. Byrnes and British Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin both Sunday and Monday. The conference “originally : was scheduled to have enaed yesterday with ‘an important communique; but Stalin’s illness prolonged it through today and possibly tomorrow. Although debate first was dis¢losed last night, heavy censorship) at the top made a major mystery out of it by banning ali mention of the reason for the interruption. It was believed that the three chiefs of state still have major de-| cisions to make on explosive prob-| {lems relating to the Japanese war jand occupation of Europe.

LAVAL IN CUSTODY OF YANK FORGES

(Continued From Page One)

(Spain informed France that she ad decided to send Laval out of he country by the same means by | which he had entered. Paris sdid

in north Italy to permit the French to make arrangements to bring him back to France with the

maximum: possible security against |.

assassination). The plane was the same German Junkers-88 in which he arrived in

Spain in the closing days of the}

European war. Two German airmen piloted the plane and Laval was accompanied by his wife. Up to the last minute, he protested vigorously against his expulsion. He and his wife spent an uneasy night en a couch in =a hangar at the airfield after their plane developed mechanical trouble

day. Calls ‘Spain Unfair’ He complained against leaving Spain “so precipitately” and sent a note to Spanish authorities pointing out that both he and his wife suffered from heart trouble. Laval * was under indictment in France on a charge of high treason as well as being wanted as a possible witness in the trial of former Vichy Chief of State Marshal Henri Philippe Petain. He said that Spanish authorities would have permitted his wife to remain in Barcelona but that she had preferred to accompany him. “It's unfair what is being done to me,” he said. "I don't understand why the Spanish government is ‘delivering me to my country.” ’

Four Colleagues Left He appeared dejected. Alternately he puffed on cigarets and sucked an orange. Four other. members of Laval's party, all ex-Vichyites, were missing and believed interned by the Spanish government until the allies make a- direct request for them, They were ex-Vichy Minister of Agriculture Abel Bonnard and his son, Eugene; Ex-Minister of Justice Maurice Gabor, and Laval's secretary, Paul Neraud.

pnt som — to mp —

RED CAB PRESIDENT DUE HOME FROM WAR

After three years naval duty, Lt. Thomas R. Kackley has been res leased and will soon arrive in Indianapolis to assume his duties as president of Red Cab, Inc. -Before the war he was secretarytreasurer of the corporation, Lt. Kackley® served. in the Pacific theater as operational officer of the famous Black Cat squadron and later was an inteMfgence officer. He succeeded the late Capt. Thomas PF. Ruckelshaus, who was killed in action in India, as presi-

~ ASTRONOMERS TO MEET Find Indiana Astronomical so-

Music building at Pennsylvania and §. Sinesry will be the prin-

ia Superfort

(Continued From P ge One)

Sie-siued rail centers, ports and nufacturing cities, filled with airoa steel, alumnium, precision in|struments, chemical and naval ordnance works. Already 53 home island cities bave heen fired and largely destroyed by the rampaging B-29s. Announcement today that Matsuyama, a city of 120,000 on Shikiku, was 73 per cent destroyed by -strike last week "| brought to 23 the number of Japanese ‘cities more than. half devastated in fire bomb Yaids and the total area hit to 151.22 square miles. ” The Nakajima aircraft plant near Nagoya sustained 45 per cent |damage. in another raid. Meanwhile, 3d fleet carriers went innder another. security blackout {preparing for new blows. - Their {planes yesterday alone had de|stroyed or damaged no fewer than 60 ships and 138 planes An’ sweeps from Tokyo to Kobe. Carriers Still Off Coast Radio Tokyo said task force 38, including at least 14 cartiers, was believed cruising off the Izu peninsula on the coast of Honshu. The Japanese estimated 1600 allied planes attacked the central Honshu area yesterday. , Tokyo said other allied carrier and land-based planes raided Honshu during the -night, with 10 or more carrier-based aircraft - hitting airfies on Tokyo bay.

‘|fortresses’ and Liberators flew over

STRAUSS SAYS-—m IT'S

Yokosuka, while other planes appeared over the Shisuoky prefecture coast.

Fleet - Adm. Chester W. Nimitz’ communique, coupled with similar announcements from Gen. Douglas MacArthur's Far Eastern airforces, revealed that Japan's shipping, railway lines, and factories have been disrupted to the greatest extent since the start of the war. ‘Suicide Spirit Japanese Home Minister Genki | Abe told civilian volunteer corps | members that they rhust be guided | by the ‘suicide spirit” in Justine any invasion of their homeland: Nimitz issued two al The first reported the strike on|

{Shimizu and detailed enemy losses

in yesterday's carrier-based air attacks along a 300-mile stretch of | enemy coastline. | Preliminary results showed seven ships sunk, 53 damaged, 65 planes destroyed and 73 damaged between Tokyo and Kobe, Jap Carriers Damaged The wrecked ships included an escort carrier, thre destroyers, eight | destroyer escorts and 10 submarines. The second communique gave a final assessment of destruction in-| flicted by carrier planes in Saturday's raid on the Kure naval base. It said 139 enéfny ships and 326 aircraft were destroyed or damaged. The communique also disélosed] that {Tone has been beached by the!

The broadcast said ‘single Super- | enemy and the super-carriers Amagi, night.

and’ Matsuragl, though still were heavily damaged. The southeast Asia ¢ ported more than 6000 had been killed in Burma ning between th Mandalay-Rangoon and the Sittang river. : In Borneo, Australian il] pounded Japanese rear-guard units north of Balikpapan as the enemy continued withdrawing northward, Domei, Japanese naws agency, res ported that all Japanese males over 14 in occupied China “no matter who they are or what their occupae tion”. are undergoing “strenuous” military training “to cope with the enemy's coastal ianding plan.” —————

TWO BOYS INJURED AT WILLARD POOL

Two teen-age boys were injured at the swimming pool in Willard park yesterday. James Bennett, 16, of 323 N. Davidson st., a checkboy at the pool, {was slugged by one member of an

| unidentified trio as he stood in the | entrance to the pool.

Bernard Sipes10, of 2305 South~ eastern ave. received head injuries when an older boy dived into the |water.on top of him.

$1500 BOAT MISSING ELKHART, July 31 (U. P)~ Police continued their search today i for a $1500 Chris-Craft motor boat. Otto Kroeder; owner, said the boas

the crippled heavy cruiser | disappeared from its anchorage on

upper St. Joseph river Sunday

Th

"ONE DAY NEARER PEACE!

as it was about to take off yester-

Raph sts. Sunday at 2:15 p. m.

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