Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 29 June 1945 — Page 16
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e Indianapolis Times "PAGE 16 Friday, June 29, 1045 =
ROY W. HOWARD WALTER LECKRONE HENRY W. MANZ President Editor : Business Manager
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> ¢ RILEY 5581 Give Light and the People Will Find Thew Own Way
STETTINIUS TO UNO THE President's announcement that Mr. Stettinius has been named United States representative to the United Nations Organization will be well received in this’ country and abroad. It is a fitting reward for his services as secretary of state, and evidence of the high importance our government places on American participation in the world league. We can think of no available American with better training for the new job. Cordell Hull was accurately described by the late President Roosevelt as “the father of the United Nations.” Secretary Hull chose Mr. Stettinius to do the detailed preparatory work for the new organization, and later recommended his aide as his successor at the state department. : So Mr. Stettinius was the United States representative and conference chairman at Dumbarton Oaks, where the first draft of the UNO charter was made. He was President Roosevelt's lieutenant at Yalta, where that draft was expinded. He was head of our delegation and key member of the Mexico City conference. And he has been ‘the chief U. S. delegate and presiding officer of the San Francisco conference, where 50 nations have completed and signed the charter.
» s . 2 » » MR. STETTINIUS is able as an administrator and as a reconciler of conflicting points of view. These abilities, added to his youthful energy, pleasant personality and integrity, explain his rapid rise first in industry and then in government. "In view of his relationship to the charter from the beginning, his ‘demonstrated administrative ability, and the position of the nation he represents, it will not be surprising if the UNO gives him added executive responsibilities. Though the world organization will not come into formal being until ratified by all of the Big Five nations and a majority of the other members, meanwhile Mr. Stettinius will take a leading role in the work of the interim commission. He also will represent the President during the senate ratification process. The now vacant post of secretary of state is not only the highest appointive office in the land. It is of even greater importance at this time because of the presidential succession when there is mo vice president, and because of the forthcoming peace settlements. President Truman needs no reminder of his grave responsibility in the selection of a secretary of state. Whether it is to be his friend and the late President Roosevelt's associate, former Justice Byrnes of the supreme court, as widely predicted, or another, the President doubtless will chose a man who has the public's confidence.
WORK WAITING
THE senate has dropped its plan for an early summer recess and will stay on the job in Washington until it acts on the San Francisco charter for an international peace organization. This means that the house also must remain in session, probably well into August, and we think it should be much more than a teken session attended by a mere handful of representatives while the others scatter to their homes or vacation spots. : . For there is a lot of unfinished business before congress—important business which would have been dangerously deferred if the original plan to start a long recess by mid-July had carried through. We think especially of two urgent requests, made by President Truman weeks ago, about which eongress has one practically nothing. One is for authority to reorganize the executive branch of the government for greater ficiency and economy. The otier is for special unemployment assistance to war workers who lose their present jobs in the process of industrial reconversion. Then there ls groundwork that might be done on a post-war tax law to encourage the starting and expansion of job-providing anterprises. Also, the law governing disposal of surplus war property needs attention and, probably, revision. There is plenty of other useful public work that mempers of congress can do in Washington in July and August. And, though Washington may be hot and uncomfortable, it won't be nearly as bad as Okinawa or Borneo.
DON'T EXPECT TOO MUCH
SUNDAY, July 1, is an important date for the home front. It marks the lifting of the ware.production board’s strict controls on such basic materials as steel and copper. From that day forward manufacturers are free to hunt
for supplies of these materials and—if they can find them
—to buy them and use them in producing wares for the |
civilian market.
But there"will be no immediate flood of these wares. |
War requirements must continue to come first. After war needs are met, supplies of basic materials will be limited for some time. Makers of what are held to be the most essential civilian goods will still have priorities. Manufacturers able to find and buy steel, copper, aluminum and other metals will also have to find plant capacity, machinery and manpower. And even then they may be held back by shortages of other materials—textiles, for instance, or plastics. ” " ” un ” ” ALSO, THE early output of some civilian items will be rationed. For example, if the automobile industry meets its schedule and builds 242,000 new cars in the next six months, almost all of them will go to doctors, hospitals, police and fire departments, taxi drivers and the like. New refrigerators, washing machines, eleetric fans and ranges, ete, will be channeled first to military services, hospitals and other essential users. So July 1 is only a starting point, not a destination. Don't expect too much too sopn. The trickle back to the
market of things that haven't been made during the war become wire gh don look for that before some ; n't count.on it until Japan is beaten. ey you invest in wax bonds will con~
By John W. Love
WASHINGTON, June 20.—Even more than the European war, the intensified conflict in the Pacific is a war of trapsportation. The ‘strain on domestic transportation apparently is to increase for months and remain high until some time after the Japs are through. The war in the Far East is taking fuel. oil, more gasoline, more railroad coal, more passenger equipment than did the war with the Germans. rose for a little while that the recent revision in gasoline rations was only the beginning of a general release on motor travel, but there’s no certainty that the slightly higher allowance can be maintained. Within the last 10 days inquiries from the Middle West, especially from Ohio and Indiana, have been coming in to the petroleum administration for war as to why it would not be possible to lift the “gas” ration entirely, at least for a few months, as a means of relieving the passenger burden on the, railroads while the millions of soldiers are being moved.
More Gas but No More Tires THE ARGUMENT is.that even though tires are not yet in larger supply and new passenger cars in any quantity are still far in the future it ought to be practical to allow motorists who were willing to take their own chances on these renewals to drive their own cars on intercity trips. “Let us drive as much as our tires will permit.” Many of the questions appear to have been inspired by reports of the way airplane fuel is piling up in storage. It is doing sO, but in the expectation that it will be moved out in large quantities as’ soon as sufficient storage tanks in the far Pacific bases have been finished and the tank ships are on the route to haul it. Should the military have miscalculated its needs or its construction of storage facilities, then the story would be different. But for the present the domestic allotments are based on the assumption that the requirements of the armed forces and es sential civilian needs in the one-front war will take 200,000 barrels a day of petroleum products in excess of what the two-front war formerly took. This intensified drain is blamed chiefly on two circumstances, that of bombing operations on Japan, which are going to be taking three times ‘as much fuel as the bombing of Germany required, and that of naval and transport fuel on the long Pacific hauls. The B-20 bomber fully gassed up uses a little more fuel than a railroad tank car will hold. The consumption of bunker oil by the fleets cuts directly into the supply of domestic fuel oil Much of it is of identical formula.
Buy Fuel Oil Now, U. S. Urges A SEASONAL oversupply exists in that commodity at present, however, and householders are being importuned to take it off the market to the full extent of their rations, in order to get ‘it into their own
storage tanks. Whether the condition of tires on America’s automobiles and the outlook for renewals is such that gasoline rations might be lifted for the time being is a question which hasn't even come up here in Washington. The Goodyear strike and other labor controversy in Akron has darkened that picture. The outlook for new automobiles worsens with each day the Detroit strikes are prolonged. As for railroad transportation, the movement of passengers is expected to increase until next January. By the time troops are being brought back from Japan, however, the need for gasoline will have been greatly reduced, and perhaps the motorists’ ration can then be lifted to relieve the final burden on the railroads.
WORLD AFFAIRS—_
Polish Vote
| By Wm. Philip Simms
SAN FRANCISCO, June 29.— Yesterday was the 26th anniversary of Polish independence bestowed by the Treaty of Versailles signed June 28, 1919. For more than a century she had been snuffed out by the Russian-Prussian-Austrian partition. Today, barring some unexpected turn for the better, also marks the beginning of a new Polish eclipse. It is one of the most tragic ironies of the second world war that, for her part in the great allied victory, Poland should have to pay with her life. Poland has one more chance. But it is a slim one. It depends on whether or not the “free and unfettered elections” promised by the Big Three at Yalta are actually held on the basis of universal suffrage and secret ballot. Russia, in all her #8 years since the revolution, has held no such election. How a Sovietcontrolled Poland can perform this feat, therefore, remains to be seen.
Three Steps to Free Election
IT CAN BE done only if three steps are taken, be~ ginning now. : ONE—The Polish news blackout must be lifted. Sources of information must be made accessible as they are in the United States and Great Britain.
TWO—The 1,200,000 Polish exiles—soldiers, sailors, airmen. Polish slave-workers in Germany and refugees generally—must he allowed and assisted to return to their homes freely. They must not be “gereened” to make certain they will toe the MoscowWarsaw party line. THREE—The elections should be supervised by competent, utral observers. A new provisional government was announced yesterday from Moscow. Presumably it would comply with Yalta, hence should be dn a broad, democratic basis. Instead it is dominated by Communists. Yet, of the five major parties in Poland at the time of the last election, the Communists were by all odds the smallest.
A democratically organized regime, of course,
| would have had proportional representation: Three
or four each from the National, Christian Democrat, Socialist, Peasant and Communist parties. Polish underground leaders do not appear in the line-up at all. They are in a Soviet prison following their strange arrest last March and even stranger “trial” of a few days ago.
Big Three Have Failed to Keep Faith “*
THE BIG THREE, on whom the world—and especially the little nations—must pin its faith for an indefinite time to come, have little to be proud of in their handling of helpless Poland. Legally, as well as morally, they would, seem to have nothing to stand on. In a secret protocol attached to the Anglo-Polish treaty of alliance of 1939, Britain and Poland pledged themselves to make no agreement with a third power which would “prejudice either the sovereignty or territorial inviolability of the other party. .. ." Expediency, therefore, is clearly the only excuse, either for Britain or the United States whose policy, in the main, has been to go along with Britain. Lord Halifax made it courageously plain, here in San Francisco, that if one of the great powers insists on a given course, the others can only acquiesce or go to war. Nobody in his right mind would advocate war among the Big Three, but America, Britain. and Russia should at least be honest with themselves and with the world. $ Which makes it all the more imperative that, at their forthcoming meeting in Germany, Marshal ‘Stalin, Prime Minister Churchill and President Tru-
@ ‘
Situation
a
or
Viewed With Limited Optimism
“TREAT THEM FAIR BUT STERN”
By C. B. §, APO, New York. Like many other folks, my parents left Europe to settle in a “free
dise even though she was struggling to perfect her rough and modern Ways. It wasn't until I began to study European history that I became inquisitive about Poland. There was no better authority than my mother. e told about the landowners, and the peasants, the division of Poland and her occupation by the three great powers—at the time. It felt good to feel free in America and secure from persecution. Even though my mind was young ang unstable I seemed to understand her. Although I learned about world war I in books I felt as though it was a new start for a decadent world. It wasn't long, however, before I found my country tangled in a new war, a war more destructive and with even greater principles at stake. To me it meant seeing everything that once was forced on Poland returned to the whole of Europe. It wasn't until we hit Luxembourg that we first began to see Germany's atrocities. Hitler, too— it was only a series of stories which many a soldier ignored. As we hit Germany we saw her P. W. cages, her camps and most of all, her-brutal-
of revenge.
us ignored our enemy. like dirt hanging around. Their sly smiles were showered on us to win our friendship. Many of the fellows
They felt
buddies. They saw the Jugend books showing the fact that two swastikas combined form the iron cross, which caused the death of many a soldier’s father in world war I. I saw the victims of' Nazi atrocities. I talked to the man who witnessed the murder of an American pilot because; he accepted a glass of water from a.slave girl. Weighing the facts, I agree with
{stern.” That is why I almost snap when I see an American soldier {give his goods away for a few straw-
\berries a Nazi hands him to win|denials of essential food until ft
| his friendship. Maybe I've inherited a hatred for
Hoosier Forum
nation.” To them America was para- |
|
concentration By A. J. Wayne, Indianapolis
death
(Times readers are invited to express their views in these columns; religious con- . froversies excluded. Because of. the volume received, letters should be limited to 250 words. Letters must be signed. Opinions set forth here are those of the writers, and publication in no way implies agreement with those opinions by The Times. The Times assumes no responsibility for the return of manuscripts and cannot enter correspondence regarding them.)
a nation and her people. If so, God help me get rid of it; help me find the means to justly carry out my duty. Much of this friendly treatment has caused our allies to wonder whether we intend to win Germany as an ally to fight Russia. Though Russia has had her troubles like any other country, I'm sure she is with us to work toward an independent and ° democratic world. For we know that with time and foresight our leaders will debate each problem until a general agreement is reached through cooperation, and not force. ® » .
“THE SENATOR SHOULD
INSPECT THE STOCKYARDS”
I read in the press where our
ity. We entered, enraged and full U. 8. senator is back home again in|
“lI wholly disagree with what you say, but will defend to the
your right to say it."
“NOT IN FAVOR OF A PEACE-TIME DRAFT”
By Birdie Sumner, Indianapolis Quite a number of our young citizens will not remember this grand country as it was before the war, and it would seem as though the military clique, the heads of different government bureaus and numerous other organizations are determined that they shall never have that privilege. Be. I am referring to the peace time conscription act. Of all the nasty, low-down acts the New Deal has perpetrated on the American people, this surpasses all of them. At first it was to be solely for the benefit of these young boys, in order that they might be better able to fight the next war. It now transpires that the real purpose is to use them in occuaptior of those two vile countries, Germany and Japan. These: boys are too young to vote, yet through regimentation and force they will be "the property of the government the rest of their natural lives. What a huge price these boys are going to pay for having lived! In a republic with a democratic form of government, we should have a voluntary peace time army. If not, it is quite apparent that the multitude is not in favor of an army of occupation or a peace-time draft If we are not to enjoy the fruits of what our boys struggled so valiantly for, then they have died in vain. My son, whe is now 20, has been
{Indiana after making an aerial in- in the Pacific area two years, but
|
But, we remembered our faith !vasion of California, later Europe—|I am praying that other | L b A { in God and justice and couldn't the latter an investigation tour as shall not be taken out of this] a or C carry out the hatred toward our many other members of congress country, if they do not want to go, enemy. As if by instinct, some of {have made.
Now that the senator is on home |
youths
after Japan is conquered. If congress doesn't give a repetition of a
front, I wonder if he will find time rubber stamp, as they were under
and gestures to go ‘out to our
|
our leaders, “Treat them fair but|for so long a period was not in
{
|
tockyards and |
view the daily repéipt of livestock.
buyers and also our youth. Of course the housewives of liberated countries might have to gag| upon ham skins, bacon skins, pig-| tails, etc—now so frequently. our only choice. The senator might also cruise through various areas of our city, drop., into the markets, . thereby getting® first - hand information about the home front. Suffering denials of essential food
the plan to win the war.’ Urging | people to “buy bonds until it hurts” | should not be reciprocated with
hurts. That's not the way a government should say thanks.
Side Glances=By Galbraith
day—this is one
“Well, we ware just faking about the manpower sharfage ysster-
Roosevelt, the boys will be allowed to stay at home, attend college and
i Then to do a proper follow-through, |be free. | weakened and treated them friend-|he might drop in at Kingan’s and | |ly, giving them candy and cigarets. { perhaps see a little meat that could | “YES—I AGREE WITH Many of these fellows lost their be spared us defense workers, bond GENERAL PATTON"
» nn ”
By Capt. James P. Mullane, Indianapofis On June 10, 1945 Gen. George 8. Patton, in addressing Sunday School children in San Gabriel, Cal, stated that “There will be a war again, in my opinion, because there have always been such things.” . Since then columnists, editorial writers, politicians, soldiers and civilians have taken violent “issue with Gen. Patton's statement.
It would be better 16f peace-loving |
nations” if they took notice of what happened on the night of June 19,
1945, in Indianapolis, Ind. On that |
night a husband and wife were attacked and brutally beaten- by five hoodiums at the corner of Michigan and Dalaware sts. because the husband criticized a reckless driver. A crowd estimated at 200 watched the assault. In this crowd there must
have been a sufficient number of
men to have stopped those swine by the only method they would have respected — force. But the
crowd simply watched-—watched a
man and woman beaten by thugs.
No doubt the same people who
stood to one side and let this hap-
pen are ardent advocates of peace,
all in favor of stopping any aggres-
sor nation from stepping on the
rights of others. But it would seem
that they don’t want to get their hair mussed while doing it. I agree with Gen. Patton. Not simply because there have always been wars, but because people are
afraid of getting their hair mussed. The Americans and the British watched the Saar incident, march Austrian Anschuluss—watched, and let the hoodlums have their way
They watched Manchuria and let
the Panay bombing go by. The San Francisco conference is nothing but the lip-service mouth-
ings of politicians if crowds of 200
are willing to stand by and let five soodlums maul two citizens—one a woman-—whose only “crime” was to
| criticize.
Yes—I agree with Patton.
DAILY THOUGHT
They that be slain with the sword are better than they that be slain with hunger: for these ‘through for
| It is the result of a long battle,
the into Czechoslovakia, the
[POLITICAL SCENE—
Free News By Thomas L. Stokes .
WASHINGTON, June 29.—One thing that should not be overlooked | in connection with the San Francisco United Nations conference was the free and easy access to it enjoyed by the press, not only of this co other nations,
untry, but of
The advantage for the people of this country, as well as the rest . the world, was that the conference was held in the United formation privileges have been developed to a degree achieved nowhere else. This has not just happened, and constant vigilance, The press’access to and coverage of the San Frane cisco conference set a new record in international conferences. It is something to celebrate a bit along with the success of the conference itself. It was & good precedent to establish as we start on this new experiment in international organization.
Might Have Been Different Abroad IT IS A striking contrast to what might have happened elsewhere, or even: here, when you stop to consider, Much of the important work at San done, it is true, in secret sessions.
Francisco was That happens
even in congress where committees lock themselves up for discussion and decision on some matters. But alert reporters have always been able to use their legs and their heads to find out what is done in closed sessions at national conventions and in congress, and this they did, too, at San Francisco, to the occasional annoyance and embarrassment of big figures there. Nobody could stop them, and nobody tried to stop them. The press conference, that peculiarly American institution, was used often and widely at San Frane cisco. speaking here of those mass meetings that often developed where the “friends” of this and that cause got admitted to press conferences and resorted to stump speeches in the form of five-minute rhetorical questions. : Through press conferences reporters got an oppore tunity to shoot questions at the leading figures in the San Francisco deliberations, to study them under fire, so to speak, to judge them to some extent. They were taken off their pedestals and examined a% close view. ~ The press conference, of course, can work both ways, as. the late President Roosevelt discovered and capitalized so effectively. It can serve as a forum, Diplomats from other countries found this out quickly, too, and when they got into trouble on some issue, or wanted to get their views before the publie, they would call a press conference. But that all contributes to the fund of information.
Comrade Molotov Learned Fast SOVIET FOREIGN Commissar Molotov discovered this quickly. He held three press conferences at San Francisco, primarily perhaps to present his views on controversial issues, but, at the same time, he sube mitted freely to all sorts of questions. In Russia he could tell them what to write. But not here, He didn't intend to establish the American system when he went back home—oh, no! But something might come of it sometime. Press privileges at the Versailles peace conference after the last war were literally primitive compared to San Francisco, according to veterans covering both, Which recalls a story told about Herbert Bayard Swope, then a correspondent for the New York World. All reposters could not witness the signing of the peace treaty, unlike the signing of the charter at San Francisco. Only a few could be admitted. They were drawn by lot. Mr, Swope was not among the few chosen. But he thought his paper ought to have a story first hand. So he dressed up like a diplomat, which is easy, and he hired himself a big automobile and he got it into line with the diplomatic cars, aligned with dignity, and walked right up under his top hat with the poise and eclat of a diplomat. And there he was, This is not to suggest that reporters dress like diplomats. At least it wasn't necessary at San Frane cisco. That looks like progress.
IN WASHINGTON—
|
| By Fred W. Perkins
WASHINGTON, June 29.—The three senators sponsoring a sweeping new labor law in preparation’ for the return-to-peace period— the proposed federal industrial relations act—were pleased today at the public reaction in the week since the measure was introduced. Several hundred letters and telegrams have been received by Senators Hatch (D. N. M.), Ball (R, Minn.) and Burton (R. O.). Samples showed the core respondents tended to favor the proposal. This was despite a barrage of condemnation laid down by national labor leaders in Washington the day following the bill's introduction. The mail of three senators showed that practically the only condemnations were from top labor leaders—and only & negligible amount from the rank and file of unions, . Meanwhile, Senator Murray (D. Mont.), chairma of the Senate Education and Labor Committee ta which the Hatch-Ball-Burton bill has been referred said that he personally would not oppose hearings fo the measure. He added, however, that he had not been convinced of a need for new labor legislation and that “the situation calls for as little agitation a possible, with “ both. management and labor doing everything possible to co-operate for a peaceful conversion period.”
Some Would Go Farther SOME OF the letter writers suggest that the bill does not go far enough, and advocate that labo unions be regulated more stringently than is proposed in’ the pending bill. To one such correspondent, whg said that federal incorporation should be required for unions, Senator Ball replied: “Our main .purpose. was to try to minimize the labor conflicts which we see ahead, and although w considered it we did not want to complicate our issug any more by, pulling in incorporation of labor unions, Some of the favoring letter writers say they a union members, but nfost of them are identified a lawyers and businessmen. One in the latter cl wrote from a midwestern city, “all our employers her favor this bill. The reasons are obvious. It is thei one hope against the probability of closing down This goes for thousands like them.” Saul Mills, secretary of the New York C. I. © council, said to represent 600,000 members; sent in resolution of thdt body condemning the bill as threat ening destruction of collective bargaining and den of fundamental rights to workers. The first reaso given in the resolution was that the bill “would vise ‘the Wagner (national labor relations) act exactly the way anti-union employers have tried unsuccessfully ever since it was enacted, by ‘equ ing’ unfair practices to include unfairness to an ployer or discrimination against an employer.”
Many Seek to Study Bill THIS RESOLUTION declared also that the would bar strikes and substitute compulsory tration, | : ; Many of the letters request copies of the bill to study. One from an American Federation of Lahbdg official, “I. make this request to enable me to make proper study of its contents in order to permit me t offer my unbiased views.” 3 Si The three senators have stated repeatedly th they. invite study of this sort and recommendatior from workers as well as employers. en fd
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We are likely to take that for granted, which isa | tribute to our democratic system.
States where press and ine
also at our own national political conventions and
It was, to be sure, abused to some extent, «
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