Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 June 1945 — Page 16

PAGE 16

ROY W HOWARD President

' Thursday, June 21, 1945

WALTER LECKRONE HENRY W. MANZ ". Editor Business Manager

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Give Light and the People Wilt Fina Their Own Way

HARRY BRIDGES STAYS

‘TARRY BRIDGES, the westcoast labor leader who was * porn in Australia but has lived 25 years in this country | without becoming a citizen, escapes deportation. This is! the U. S. supreme court's 5-to-3 decision. The dissenting opinion was written by Chief Justice Stone and concurred in ‘by Justices Frankfurter and Roberts. It held Attorney General Biddle, who issued the deportation order, acted under a law of congress and had evidence to support his finding that Bridges had been a member of the Communist party and an affiliate of its | Marine Workers’ Industrial Union, both of which advocated | overthrow of the U. S. government by force or violence. | However, the majority—Justices ‘Douglas, Reed, | Rutledge, Black and Murphy—holds that the evidence of |

Bridges’ Communist membership was no good; that he} co-operated only with the M. W. 1. U's legitimate objective as a trade union, not with its illegitimate aim to overthrow | the government ; that, in fact, there is evidence that he has | opposed the Communist tactics of fomenting strikes.” | ‘Justice Murphy, in a separate opinion, maintaifis that | congress shouldn't have passed the law under which Mr. | Biddle tried to act, and that the attempt to deport Bridges threatened the liberties of 3,500,000 other aliens. So Mr. Bridges doesn’t have to go back to Australia, | ~ which has shown few signs of wanting him. He can stay | “here, be a union official, and even continue—through his { control of the California C. I. O. Political Action Committee | —to give political advice to American citizens. Meanwhile, | many of those citizens probably will continue to argue | heatedly about him for quite a while. It is true that in recent years he has opposed strikes, advocated labor-management peace and spoken well of | private enterprise. So has the Communist party in the | United States. Whether Mr. Bridges’ attitude has been influenced by Hitler's attack on Russia and by his own desire to remain in America is a question. Further light may possibly be thrown on it before long, now that Mr. Bridges is safe from deportation and now that, with TCer- | many defeated, the Communist party line is taking another

corkscrew turn.

“WHY IT MUST SUCCEED? | ERIC JOHNSTON, president of the U. S. Chamber of | Commerce, says he will continue to devote his “utmost energy” to making a workable success of the charter for post-war labor-management peace. . ; Mr. Johnston is neither surprised nor discouraged by the difficulties ‘this effort is encountering. The National Association of Manufacturers is taking no part in it. The American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations joined the Chamber of Commerce in signing the charter. But the A. F. of L. now refuses to sit with the C. I. O. in meetings. to form a national committee to carry out the charter’s principles. Mr. Johnston says: :

| |

Price in Marion Coun- |:

.tial war criminal—at least putting the burden of proof

REFLECTIONS—-

¥ Eisenhower: : By Peter Edson

WASHINGTON, June 21.-If he doesn't get a couple of days off ‘pretty soon, says General of the Armies Dwight Eisenhower, there's ‘ going to be a rebellion. If anybody deserves a vacation it is Gen. Ike. But when it is over gnd he goes back to Germany he faces another tough job in putting that ex-Nazi country in its proper place and making sure it will stay there.< The general talked turkey about that job at a press conference during his day in, Washington. He admits at the outset that he doesn't know the German people well, though he has studied and used every facility he could to know them better. ‘This in itself is a hopeful sign, for.when a man admits he doesn’t know all the answers he is making an intelligent. approach to his job, and “not one dictated by emotional and blind prejudices. If any man is entitled to hate the Germans and want to see them crushed ruthlessly, it is Eisenhower. For the members of the 12th 8. S. Korps, who killed captured American prisoners in cold blood during the Battle of the Bulge, he will show no mercy. He regards every Nazi Storm Trooper as a poten-

of innocence on the accused.

Wants General Staff Segregated

HE WOULD utterly destroy the German general f

staff. How, he is not sure. But he mentions the possibility of rounding up every German officer with general staff training, segregating the whole lot of them, destroying all their archives. He is convinced the Germans deliberately starved American prisoners. 2 The first German murder factory he saw made him madder than hé has ever been in his life, And yet he says simply, “Peace can’t be built on hate.” He divides the "German problem into two phases. First is the emergency problem. The citias of Germany ate destroyed beyond everything he has ever seen. Berlin is London multiplied 100 times. Transportation is dislocated. .The Germans face actual starvation.. The job is to get the German local communities started again. To scréen the people. To prepare a case history on every one. To find the anti-Nazis or the neutrals and make them responsible for policing the country and getting labor started on the farms. The problem of getting displaced persons back to their homelands is well along. Already two million French and Russian slave laborers have been liberated and 200,000 British and Americans held as prisoners-of-war have been freed. This highly necessary screening of every individual is the reason behind Gen. Eisenhower's order that American soldiers must not be permittefl to fraternize with the German people. It must continue in force, he says, until every last element of Naziism is eliminated. How long this will require he cannot estimate. But he is determined to find every war crime inal and not let a single one escape. “This is the only way,” he says, “to show the German people that crime does not pay.”

by

FED ERAL DEDICATED

INDUSTRIAL iwousthia | RELATIONS SEArs Al

J By : 4 SENATORS Ii HATCH BALL BURTON

“] wholly disagree with what you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it.”

“THIS NATION DOES NOT NEED A LARGE LAND ARMY” By E. R. Egan, 701 Markwood ave.

Hoosier Forum

“I AM CONCERNED ABOUT MY COUNTRY”

By Gerald ‘Brown, Indianapolis

to express their views in

| (Times readers are invited | these columns, religious con-

Tomorrow's Germany Another Job

THE SECOND phase of Gen. Eisenhower's new job is the long-range problem of Germany's future. This is the political problem where policy is determined by statesmen and where men like Eisenhower become the mere executors of their governments. This is the period where the mistakes can be made. 2 Gen. Eisenhower will probably have more free advice on this phase of his job than he had from all the arm-chair strategists who tried to tell him how to win the fighting war. But he won the fighting war in spite of all the long-range experting from the amateurs at home. Acting as he talked in Washington, he can be trusted with full authority on the post-war job in Germany if his hands. are not tied and his style is not. cramped by the politicians.

mw WORLD AFFAIRS—

Last Act

. By Wm. Philip Simms

SAN FRANCISCO, June 21.—

“The charter . . . requires concessions of each cooperating group which, even a decade ago, would have been termed incredible infringement on their basic rights and privileges . . . It will suffer growing pains. beginning is on too sound a rock to let these growing pains deter us . . . “The pyblic should understand that this charter was

But the |

The arrival of President Truman t ‘ on the west coast and plans for his visit here starting today, mark the “beginning of the end of the | first United Nations Conference. The World Security Charter, to all intents and purposes, has been completed. All that remains are a few finishing touches. No further crises are expected. As this was written, the President was still

| |

never intended to accomplish miracles overnight. It is | expected to close the proceedings by his speech on

nl rter—only a beginning in the direction of better | Saturday. only a Starte y g 8 A bit of stock-taking, therefore, would seem to

relations between labor and management. There are scores | ,, in order. I find that sentiment among the dele of reasons why the charter should not succeed, all based on | gations here is definitely favorable. They feel that

the naturally conflicting interests of the co-operating | something distinctly worth while has been accom- : plished. parties. |" There ‘is wide agreement that the new League

“But there is one reason why it must succeed: The fof Nations is far from perfect. Delegates admit public will not tolerate strife in industry that will jeopardize | it does not\come up to the expectations of the most

: : - ; ey | .pronounced optimists but they also’ assert that it our economic welfare in the post-war. years. 4 is nothing like as bad as some pessimists predicted.

Amen to that. And great success to Eric Johnston in | his role as peacemaker. a

WASHINGTON ISN'T OKINAWA RESIDENT TRUMAN has made an urgent request which congress, bent on starting a vacation by mid-July, seems determined to do nothing about until fall, if then. Well, hot and uncomfortable as Washington is in summer, it isn’t as bad as Okinawa. Or as a good many other places where weary Americans are staying to finish im- | portant jobs. Mr. Truman's request is important. It is for authority to reorganize government agencies | and make them “more businesslike and efficient.” In 1939 | President Roosevelt was given such authority, limited to | two years and with a number of agencies exempted, Mr. Truman has asked for no time limit and no exemptions, | and some congressmen are unwilling to go that far. We're inclined to think them unduly cautious. Mr, | Truman insists that congress. reserve the right to veto any reorganization order, which seems an adequate safeguard. However, he has shown himself reasonable about many things. If the congressmen have a good case for limiting | the duration and scope of reorganization authority, let them determine the restriction and pass a law quickly. The President now has emergency power to order reorganizations for more effective prosecution of the war, but it will lapse six months after peace returns and all changes " made under it will be canceled. It is essential that a postwar government reorganization plan shall be ready to go * into effect promptly, and we believe Mr. Truman's intent is to achieve real improvements and economies.

A VOTE FOR TRADE AND PEACE = HE senate's vote of 47 to 33, authorizing a further 50 + per cent cut in tariff rates in the negotiation of recip“rocal trade treaties, is a great victory for President Truman... : : More important is this most positive kind of evidence of how far this country is willing to go in economic co« ~ operation with other nations to build up world trade, upon ‘which the opportunity for Nord prosperity and the hope

| inspire undiluted confidence.

'At Least It's a Start’ THE DELEGATES have a word for it: “At least it's a start,” And to those who take the dark view, there is the question: “Well, what would you suggest as an alternative?” To that, no one seems to have a constructive answer. The only alternative would seem to be a world divided against itself. There is still, of course, considerable dissatisfaction over the veto powers of -the Big Five; over. the difficulties raised against future amendments; and so on. The answer to these and similar objections is that 50 different nations had to be reasonably satisfied with the charter, and agreement compromises. It was that or no new League of Nations, no

The present drive to militarize this country born, no doubt of the pessimism engendered by the war, takes very little stock in achievement outside its own sphere of activity and its efficiency, of course depends upon this narrow, if tradition bound, viewpoint. If we had an alert and capablé diplomatic state department our first line of defense, and finally Congress and an informed public, general staff events have proven this war would never have taken place—neither Japan or Gerthany would have-dared make the venlord. of his anower ture for one-man government with on false/ assumption that good ends, : its archaic corollaries of militarism,

I would like to correct your mis-| { conception of me, Mrs. A. A—it | was really -an injustice. I am -far| | trom being the person “too old to| { be one the fighting line, sour on our| American boys, sitting on top of the world and have plenty.” In fact, It am a 19-year-old college ministerlial student in good physical and | mental health, who is working his| way through college and who is also studying for ‘peace, which if established will make unnecessary | the bloodshed which you advocate. I still sgy that if your arguments did make sense I wouldn't believe!

them begause they would be based | a dirty.name, but we have no rec-

troversies excluded. Because of the volume received, letters should be limited to 250 words. Letters must be signed. Opinions set forth here are those of the writers, and publication in no way implies agreement with those opinions 4 The Times. The Times assumes no responsie bility for the return of manuscripts and cannot enter correspondence regarding them.)

: If you will study a comprehensive, : . San be/accomplished by evil means. | diplomatic history of the United sie. It we bed 1% Sourt-martialed ogical case can be built upon Ss . ar A | the Mitchells who knew this war : . | States, you will discover that Amer- : : any false assumption but logic|: { would be fought and won by air, we doesn’t make the assumption or the | foa’s Skirts are far from clean mn would have had an air force ready conclusions: true. contributing to the factors causing |... if the isolationists had not Look ‘up, in 8 Ring James ver.| ‘Dis Wah “Americanism” 1S NOt pee; in sumcient force to block sion of the Bible, Matthew 5:38, 39, “Yoon mous With “Christaty’ | progressive legislation, we might i ’ . . o 1X , y it 4 $5 am a Z ou wii Sue wot cerned about my country and this 3 Yo shopne in Sra 8 oF Builopie Hioden Rule as a oud targard to] 127, city: That is why 1 am trying out the democracies y live by (and I assume that you do) |to SHY Jui sonal Tesiists and- This nation of all nations does but your program is in violation! Che oy sitor 2 your Ways.not need a large land army. We o it. | : are not menaced by militaristic : | “SOAP AND WATER 5 y-., I lon have & brother in the serv CAN i. USED" naa. . y ca and is now in i i | te a (By A Disgusted War Worker, Indianapolis ot ly. Fortunatls, be fo in 8 non "glans th due Of The To Leck owen avy Sain mp God for that. Sutely, 1 would not | dianapolis Board of Health? Why | youth.

relish the thought of ‘his being in a|are restaurants allowed to flourish] We do need a forward looking concentration camp, but I am not| over all of Indianapolis with seem-| Political consciousness, a confidence advocating that every serviceman ingly no regard for cleanliness and a participation in international be given an extended vacation in| iher than wiping tables off with al Operation and ‘political integrity one of them either. Because some i. "|enough to see it through in this of our men have been brutally 4irty, greasy rag? Why are taverns cruicial period of the long struggle treated is no excuse for us lowering and restaurants in the same room Of humanity for peace'to live like our moral standards to barbarism.| allowed? An inebriate at the bar | human beings instead of the cave ‘| “War” is not a legitimate excuse for | clearing his throat, spitting on the dwelling head hunters this war has the lowering of moral - standards. | floor, and planning the future of developed, not to say what science You are judging, from a few cases, America all in one breath. Less than Would put in the hands of the next that all German coficentration| twenty feet away is the kitchen generation's war which the drive for camps were torture chambers. No| where other patrons’ food is being universal military service assumes a newsprint was given to the fairly prepared. If this is sanitation, then | possibility, if not a probability. humane ones—it wasn't exciting it’s high time our “officials” toox| A fraction of the amount of the enough and wouldn't create hate. I|their feet off their desks and started money this policy would entail spent feel certain that such camps existed|a little investigating of conditions for political, economic and cultural because I have heard of them from here in our fair city. I suppose the|CO-operation now when we have the reliable sources. I am not saying| old excuse, “war conditions,” will be unprecedented opportunity with the that all of them were humane, but| their comeback, but I was always occupation - armies which could I am saying that they were not all taught that soap and water are facilitate—enforce—would set these as evil as you picture them. Judg-|cheap and can be used by any one. nations and the world on paths. of ing from dramatic incident or co-| Personally, I'l take a lunch from peace and prosperity, We are now incident fis not psychologically home. At least Ill know it isn't confronted with the unprecedented sound, as well as being unjust. |prepared where filth is on a opportunity for which humanity has Sure, the Germans called McGee rampage. fought and which science has made possible—peace and prosperity.

Big Five unity and not much chance of a lasting peace. Another phrase heard out here almost every day is: “One must have faith in the Big Five.” And that is true. It is all very well to say that the record of the ‘great powers hasn't always been such as to That is also true, but, like it or not, if there is to be world peace in our time it will be, purely as a practical matter, up to the Big Three: Russia, Britain and the United States. That is go, veto or no veto

agree, then the whole thing is hopeless. boils down fo whether the world will accept an ad-

and coalitions which would quickly develop into

armed camps.

Anti-League Bloc Unimpressive THERE ARE rumors of a new “battalion of death” forming in the senate to head off ratification of the charter. These rumors are thoroughly discounted in informed circles here.. The present situation, it is pointed out, is far different from what it was When, in 1919, Senators Lodge, Johnsos, Borah, Reed and others fought to the death ratification of the covenant of the old League. - The prospect for prompt, but not hasty, passage of the charter is now sald to be bright«-barring, of course, some totally unexpected overturn of the situation abroad. Almost certainly, it is believed, the senate will allow ample time for fulk examination and discussion of the work done in San Francisco. But no one expects any filibustering or stalling merely for the sake of delay. Members of the American delegation agreé that a senatorial debate might serve to inform public opinion ‘concerning the new world organization's good

to the nine Republican senators Lhe | Democrats, who |

J

§

If the Big Three can't work together, realists | So it all

mittedly imperfect organization with a chance to | improve on it as time goes by, or split up into groups |

points and bad. Even here there are conflicting in.’ terpretations of some of its aims. A full dress dis- | cussion on the floor of the senate, with delegates y and Vandenberg there to answer

: : ” » ” Side Glances=By Galbraith “CAN BE GAY WITHOUT LIQUOR—IF NOT POPULAR” By a Teetotaler I would like to make a point against the narrowness and intolerance of drinkers. For years this group has been jeering at the prohibitionists for their strait-laced narrowness, and at she same time showing a brand of intolerance equalled by few prohibitionists, I am a non-drinker for a number of personal reasons, but I have never objected to my friends drinking. But I find that my unwillingness to drink with them puts them extremely ill at ease, so much so that they prefer not to have my company on such occasions, I like to be with people, and most of them will agree that I can be just as gay and social without liquor as they can be ' a it, but, nevertheless, they can hardly bear being with one who will not drink with them. This may be partly due to a guilty feeling about drinking. I assure them that I am not censuring them but that seems to bring little satisfaction. My censure is reserved for their Intolerance of my abstinence,

————————————————

| the point that when I meet people I tell them about my stomach ulcers (purely imaginary). since that seerffs to be the only way to retain the friendship of such infants.

DAILY THOUGHT What is my strength that I

5

Now. this situation has reached

POLITICAL SCENE Tariff

By Thomas L. Stokes

WASHINGTON, June 21.~Prospects look bright now in the senate for the administration's whole : international co-operation program, both political and ecenomic, The request for authority in the reciprocal tariff bill to make an additional 50 per cent reduetion in tariffs looked like the biggest hurdle. It was sure mounted, 47 to 33—a margin of victory that "was surprising as well as encouraging for two other phases of the program still to come hetore the senate. One is-the bill for an international bank and stabilization- fund embodied in the Bretton Woods: agreements, which the house passed overwhelmingly, The other is the charter for the world security ore ganization now being completed at San Francisco, Two weeks ago administration leaders were worried about the reciprocal tariff bill. It got through the house with none too comfortable a majority for the the additional 50 per cent tariff cut authority, and only after a hard fight, There was even discussion among senate leaders of the possible necessity of reducing thé leeway in bargaining with other nae tions—25 per cent being suggested—after the senate finance committee had eliminated the 50 per cent provision, 10 to 9. But the situation improved considerably during the week's debate in the senate. :

Republicans Join in Vote for. Bill A SHIFT in Republican ranks there contributed to the victory. Nine Republicans voted for the 50 per cent reduction authority sought by the admine istration. They more than offset the negative votes of eight Democrats from the West and New England, . This Republican support was larger than admine istration leaders had counted on. At the outset they had figured on only four or five, and they lost fewer

Democrats from the cattle and mining states than

they had expected. .

A majority of senate Republicans still stood against

the extra tariff-reduction bargaining authority, as a majority of Democrats were for it. » EG Governor Dewey of New York, the titular party leader, came out boldly before senate consideration of the reciprocal tariff bill for a broad program of ine ternational co-operation, including the reciprocal tariff. His timely reminder may have had some ine fluence in the senate. Certainly before that no one

| had counted upon as many as nine Republicans for

the measure. They apparently were influenced by several cone siderations which were well set forth by one of them, Senator Smith (N. J.), in his speech announcing A change of position.

May Be End of Old-Fashioned Tariff THESE INCLUDED the belief that economic coe operation ‘with other nations must go hand in hand with political co-operation, the lack of any real injury to any industry by prévious reciprocal trade agrees ments, assurance by state department officials that they would do nothing to hurt American industry in future negotiations, and an antipathy to return to the old method of writing tariff bills on the floors of congress in tedious detail, under the infludnee of trading and log-tolling and with an annoying swarm of lobbyists of special interests hanging around like bar flies. . An analysis of the senaté vote on the reciprocal tariff also indicates a diminution of the tariff as a party issue, with emphasis now rather on it as a local issue, : nity

IN WASHINGTON—

Big Navy By Marshall McNeil

WASHINGTON, June 21.—Num- § bers are a military secret, but oul active post-war fleet will be a whale of a bl ong, which can be increased or decreased as the world’s “blood pressure” goes up and down. Secretary Forrestal and admirals explained this navy plan to a joint secret session of the house and senate naval affairs committees, They said that, postwar, we will have twe fleets, one active and one reserve, The size of the active one will depend upon a sixe point formula which will be the basis for determining the adequacy of our navy at any given point in world affairs, “The important thing to remember,” Mr. Forrestal told the committeemen, “is that we should not freeze the navy at any given strength, but we should con= tinually adapt its strength to current world cone ditions.” Equipped now with the greatest navy ever seen— greater than all other navies combined—the navy department does not- intend to cut down the size of its fleet after this war.

Navy Can Be Large or Small “ .. WE PROPOSE to divide the ships which we will have on hand at the close of the war into an active fleet and a reserve fleet,” Mr. Forrestal said, “The division between these two fleets should be a constantly shifting one, If world conditions deteriorate (that is, if war threatens), ships in the reserve fleet should be recalled to duty and added to the active fleet. If international relations improve, vessels can be withdrawn from the active fleet and laid up in reserve.; “These shifts will have to be made by congress, but the important fact is that we shall have for the first time the possibility of quickly flexing our naval strength upward or downward as our estimate of the international situatien may require.” The size of the navy, he said, “should vary in dirett ratio to what you might call the blood pressure of the international community.” The six factors of the formula by which the adee quacy of our active post-war fleet would be judged, are: . . ONE—~We must have the minimum number of combat craft required as our share of the internae tional force which will be set up to insure peace.

TWO—We must have the minimum number of combat craft to afford effective superiority over the active naval forces of any other single power or coms bination of powers can bring to bear in the western part of the north and south Atlantic oceans, or any= where in the Pacific, including the approaches to these regions. .

THREE-The minimum number of ships, if any, required for policing, apart from the first factor above, such areas as Japanese and German waters immes= diately after the war,

FOUR—The minimum additional number of ships, if any, needed for local defense and sea frontier forces.

FIVE—~The minimum additional fighting ships ree quired for proper training, not only in naval warfare, but also in amphibious and triphibious’ warfare,

SIX~The minimum number of auxiliary vessels, including landing craft, needed for the support of the fighting forces listed above and shore activities,

Stresses Importance of Sea Power IT WOU seem, from this formula, that only the navy could determine what these minima are to be, but Secretary Forrestal said that “every citizen should stick these six points into his hatband.”

this country of sea power. “Military organizations which are appropriate for other countries,” he said, “have no necessary reles vancy to our own problem because of four primary truths about the sea and alr power of our navy. “First, of such power, giving us control of great reaches of sea in both oceans, means that

4 king maney but 1 fo Tk: swt poftesr—t ell ‘om they

¢

The secretary stressed the great importance to

WR

BILL |

Fight Over Up

Times W WASHING fight over rés the fair emplé mittee ‘may « $771,538,765 w senate a N Such delay an opportunit, ings of the ¢ committee. A committee re by the actin Kenneth McK terday, the de were not avail pected to be r Usually the bill, hearings port, then apy tions without delay, most se til the final we Recently an $39,006,304 toment appropri with only five and only thre Two voted aye May In If the senat priations comr war agencies b $18,773,915 to t the house. The senate has upped ap ported by the total of $354,3 The war aj ported, contair office of war {i a boost of $ $18,000,000 vote house, ; In the Inte Elmer Davis’ have been lobb OWI co-ort movies and : various war ac this costs does budget. John Herrick of the domesti it will take ab 482,855 contain domestic branc Dispute The senate mended strikin, section: “Not to.excee tainment in th abroad of offici: “fields of educa Rep. Marion ' inserted in the ord a clipping o ence, Mo., news OWI had twice there to take py Truman's home : that one was branch and tt domestic branct OWI reports branch photogrs Eisendrath, phi for the OWI ov two weeks in the first job a done for the | Acme Newspictt time, the Trum newly painted: