Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 18 June 1945 — Page 9

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——— .

Eisenhower

By Louis F. Kami.

“Inside Indianapolis” will appear in this space tomorrow. .

fig DWIGHT D, EISENHOWER returns home today - to a very high place in the hearts of his countrymen.

The unprecedented honors paid to him in the last week by the heads of the British, French and Russign governments and their peoples merely confirmed the appraisal already made of this Texan from Kansas in his own land as a great general and a great administrator. Eisethower has rightly -been called the head architect of the western allies’ victory over Germany: He made the big strategic and many of the most important. tactical —decisions==not—the— joint chiefs of staff in Washington, nor President Rooseevit - nor Prime Minister Churchill. On’ these decisions sometimes hung the fate of millions and perhaps the.outcome of the entire war. Eisenhower, calm, determined, sure, made them on occasions against the sturdy opposition of his military advisers and even the wishes of allied governments. Eisenhower was not shackled by political interference, as was Marshal Ferdinand Foch, allied generalissimo in the first world war. Although he might have been if he had not insisted otherwise, More than once he went to bat with Prime Min{ster Churchill, a very stubborn man, and won out. When he did. Churchill thereafter backed his course ‘to the limit, These Churchill-Eisenhower battles of will and Judgment were confirmed by both men at the lord mayor's luncheon in.London last week. They resulted in a sort of mutual admiration society. _ The. two ‘emerged .the warmest of friends.

Argued But Stuck Together

After Churchill had referred to the subject at the Aduncheon, Eisenhower said: ' “Ag he (Churchill) hinted a little while ago, there were times when there were rather heated arguments. + + « When I have been forced from honest conviction to disagree with the prime minister or with any of his advisers, civil or military, the action once com-

itted, no man in history has been supported,’ en-.

‘couraged and given things more liberally than I have by the British government and the British empire.” Two of these occasions for dispute were outstanding. One was the landing in southern France some two months after D-day. The British wanted to fun-

Brothers in Arms

. ENNS, Austria~The Russian generals were, making speeches as colorful as their breeches, pinning medals on American soldiers and exchanging flags with a great flourish, But I was watching 50 German former soldiers under the trees back of the ceremony. They had lost the war, despite all the superman palaver Herr Hitler fed them. “What do you think now about war between America and Russia?” I found myself saying as we watched them watch us mingle with our Russian allies. For we have been listening to so much ridiculous anti-Soviet chatter by German prisoners that it gets disgusting—disgusting to think that an entire nation, now aware hat it was duped by Hitler at the beginning of the war, still clings to this latest fairy tale.

hi They're Good at Such Things

1 TODAY'S LITTLE pinup ceremony was thought Lup by the Russians, who are good at such things. "Two Russian generals came across the bridge into 5 he American lines, made speeches to a group of JAmericans selected by Maj, Gen. Stanley E, Reinhart Bof Polk, O., skipper of the 65th division, and then iproceeded to honor them with Russian medals. The Russians, having been in. the war longer ithan we, have many more medals. But now the HAmericans have a good start. Maj. Gen. Louis Craig, Raleigh, N, C, 20th corps Beommander, received the Russian Budapest corps colors and also a medal signifying the defense of fthe fatherland. Col. Chester Carlsten, Louisville, Ky., and Col. John Libcke, Grayling, Mich. received the

nel everything into the north. Eisenhower warited to keep the Germans stretched out, to further his fixed policy of beating them west of the Rhine. He and Churchill are reported to have argued for{~ seven hours. ; After which the prime minister gave in and thereafter backed Eisenhower‘to the hilt, The other near-deadlock was over the strategic bombing of French rail lines, bridges and highways Just prior to and after D-day. The British cabinet opposed it strenuously, fearing many Frenchmen would be killed and bitter animosity aroused, Eisenhower said fewer Frenchmen would be killed

-i-the-Jong-run-and it might mean the. Salvation of|

France, . Churchill finally was won over and the Germans subsequently admitted that their inability to move forces and. supplies te Normandy and the Seine-Loire area cost them the battle of France. ' His Advisers Were Wrong ANOTHER HISTORIC Eisenhower decision was the dropping of airborne troops on Cotentin peninsula in Normandy on D-day. Some of his highest military advisers were against it, saying losses as high as 90 per cent might result, They were wrong. Still more spectacular was the decision on the time of landing in Normandy, Eisenhower postponed it one day because of unexpected bad weather, and then decided to go ahead regardless. Otherwise, he would have had to wait 12 days for the next favorable combination of conditions.

Had he waited, as Eisenhower told his farewell |

press conference in paris, “It would have put us in the wrong phase for our airborne operations and it

—wotld-have-been-pretty bad.” —

More than that, although Eisenhower could not] foresee it, the later crossing would have run into the worst gale to hit the channel in* 40. years. Disaster

most probably would have resulted. As it was, the

gale disrupted channel and beach operations for three days, but the allies had too firm a foothold by then) to lose out. Eisenhower's path to victory lay thereafter in his | fixed determination to “kill Germans,” to break their military backbone west of the Rhine, and to maintain the closest co-ordination of air and ground forces. “When you put air, ground and sea power together,” he said, “you don't get the sum of their separate powers. You multiply their power rather than add.”

By Jack Bell

of the fatherland. went to Brig. Gen. Ronal Brock,

Tonawanda, N. Y.; Col. William Carraway, Newbern, N. C, and Col. Julian George, Charlotteville, Va. Then ‘the Russian general awarded field medals for valor to: Lt. Col. Emory Hunt, Greenville, 8. C., and Lucien Keller, Akron, O.; Ma), James Sumpter, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Sgt, John McDonal, San FPrancisco, Cal; Ale 'Gulbransen, Monroe, Utah, and Pvt. Vincent Shirripa, Brooklyn, the last three, enlisted men, being each especially honored as the outstanding soldier in his regiment,

Then Came the Reception

I HAVE NOT SEEN a neater drilled unit than the Charley company guard of .honor. As the Russians and Americans observe even the slightest details of military etiquette, and the former displayed such a love for medals and ceremony, it seemed plain that the Communist armies, just as their Czaristic predecessors, go for all that glitters. Then, of course, ¢ame the reception. If only the German prisoners could have seen the allies there! But by now they were off to prison camps, a far cry from the mighty armies that swept “dcrods Russia in 1941, burning and enslaving. " The reception was an exhilaration because of the several good interpreters, including one Russian major who insisted that he was honored because he had lost an eye in the siege of Budapest, and Col. John Van Houten, Macon, Ga. It was good to see Van Houten because the last time I saw him was in a cellar in Schmidt, Germany, in February, with Krauts throwing mortars and so forth with reckless abandon, : The colonel, now with the 20th corps, still talks of the gallant 6th regiment of the 9th division, and when I left he had just convinced a Russian general from Georgia province that Georgia corn likker is more powerful than vodka,

.

SECOND SECTION

(Continued From Pus One)

clainis against Poland inthe sum--mer of 1939. “Von Ribbentrop denied repeatedly to our’ ambassadors that Germany intended to push the dispute to its ultimate consequences, but I was dubious and wanted to be certain, and Aug. 11 I went to Salzburg. “While we were waiting to be

Ribbentrop told me of the German decision to touch off the powder keg. He said it in the same tone he might have used about an inconsequential administrative detail. We were walking together in the garden. - » =

“‘W ELL, RIBBENTROP,” | asked, ‘what do you want? Danzig, or the Corridor (Polish corridor)?

looking at me with his cold. metallic eyes. ‘We want war. “I felt the decision was irrevoc‘able, and I saw the tragedy that was facing humanity, “The conversations with my German colleague were not always cordial,’ and they lasted for 10 hours that day. Those I had with Hitler lasted as many hours on successive days. My arguments made absolutely no impression. “Now nothing could prevent the execution of this criminal program, long planned and fondly discussed in those somber meetings between the Fuehrer and his intimates. “The madness of their chief had become the religion of his followers. Every objection was overruled, some even ridiculed. ” » - “THEIR PLANS were wrong fundamentally. They were certain , that France and England would remain neutral during the laughter of Poland. Ribbentrop wanted to bet with me during one of those gloomy meals at the Osterreichhof in Salzburg. I was to forfeit an Italian painting in the event of Anglo-French neutrality. If Ribbentrop lost he was to give me a collection of antique arms. “Many witnesses were there, but Von Ribbentrop has preferred to forget the bet. “Hitler reached the stage of telling me at last that as a southerner I could not understand how much he, a German,

Polish forests.

CREED BURLINGAME has won the navy cross with a couple of buttons and is rated by his fellow officers and friends as ome of the great individuals of the serv-

seated at the dinner table, Von

needed to lay his hands on the

MEN OF THE SUBMARINES

re Indianapolis

MONDAY, JUNE 18, 1945

~ "*More than that, he said,

COUNT CIANO'S- DIARY—THE INSIDE STORY OF THE AXIS

Germany Provoked

Adolf . Hitler, Benito Mussolini and Count Ciano- (right), during one of their Brenner Pass meetings.

“From Salzburg on, until we entered the war, the policy of Berlin towards Italy” was a network of lies, intrigue and deceit. . “We have never been treated as partners, but always as slaves. We were never consulted. . “The most fundamental decisions were communicated to us only after they had been execut= ed. Only the shameful cowardice of Mussolini could tolerate and overlook it without offense. ‘ s n = “THE ATTACK on Russia was brought to my knowledge half an hour after the German troops had erossed the eastern border. Yet this was a matter of supreme. importance in the course of the European conflict, “The preceding Sunday, June 16, I was with Von Ribbentrop in Venice, discussing the inclusion of Croatia in the Tripartite pact (the alliance of Germany, Italy and Japan), “The world echoed with rumors about aggression against the Soviets, although the ink was not yet dry on the friendship pact. I asked .my axis colleague about this as we went by gondola from the Hotel Danielli to .dinner with Count Volpi (Count Giuseppe Volpi, former finance minister) in his palace. “With studied deliberation, Von Ribbentrop said:

Chapter No.

“‘Dear Ciano, I cannot tell you anything yet, because every decision is locked in the' unfathomable breast of the fuehrer. But one thing is certain. If we attack them, the Russia of Stalin will be erased within eight weeks.’ » n n “IN ADDITION to bad faith with Italy, there was lack of fmderstanding sufficient to cost the Germans the war, “I am aware that in this introduction I have permitted myself to narrate some facts which are not important. “Within. a few days a “sham tribunal will make public a sentence already decided by Musso-

lini under the influence of “the

circle of prostitutes and go-be-tweens which has plagued Italian political life for years and brought this country to the abyss. “I accept my sad destiny calmly. I take some comfort in the fact that I may be considered a soldier who fell in battle for a cause in which he believed. “The treatment inflicted on me during these months of imprisonment is shameful." I am allowed to communicate with no one. sf 88 ga

“ALL CONTACT with persons dear to. me has been forbidden. Yet I feel that all those I have

loved -and who love me are with me in this gloomy Veronese cell which’ harbors me for my last days of earthly life. men can prevent it. “It is cruel to tHink that I shall not again be able to look into the eyes of my three children, or to press my mother to my heart, or

my wife who has revealed herself | a sure and faithful companion in | |

my hours of sorrow.

“But I must bow to the will of

God. A great calm is coming to my soul.” I am preparing myself for the Supreme Judgment. : 8 # =

“IN. THIS staté of mind, pre- | cluding -any lying, I declare that |

not a single word I have written in my diaries is false, exaggerated,

or the result of selfish resent- | It is just as I saw it and |

ment. heard it. “If I think of possible publica=tion of these comments as I prepare for this great departure, it is

not because I hope for posthu- | mous approval, but because I be- |

lieve-an honest. testimonial in this sad -world still may be useful in bringing relief to the innocent,

“and striking at those who are

guilty.”

(Signed) GALEAZZO CIANO, Dec. 23, 1943, Cell 27, Verona Jail,

TOMORROW: Set for War.

The Stage Is

‘e

7 of a New War Book by Robert J. Casey

getting his material first-hand.

Here is another condensed chapter ffom the dramatic and colorful book, "Battle Below, the War of the Submarines," Robert J. Casey, famous Indianapolis Times war correspondent. Mr. Casey spent considerable time with the undersea fighters

by

Jap Home Lite—Seen Through a Periscope

Neither walls nor |

‘Where Are Workers Who Lost Jobs?

By ALLAN L. SWIM TT Seripps-Howard Staaf” Writer WASHINGTON, June: 18 Whit happened to all those war workers who lost their jobs as a result of production cutbacks after Germany was defeated? THat question puzzles the nation’s - employment officials. They know one thing: Only a fraction of those laid off have filed claims’ for jobless

, benefits.

. tine of the folk in the house on the |

point—and he enlivened otherwise |

dull-hours of the patrol with a sort | of impromptu society column, re-|

counting his discoveries. 8 8 x

HE ISSUED sundry bulletins about

. service office.

“About 000 were laid 1 off by oné shipy8rd and less than 1000 filed claims for compensation,” said Ewan Clague, director of the bureau of employment security, “One plant laid off 558 workers. The following day 273 were interviewed .at the U. 8. employment Eighty were referred to jobs and only 19 filed claims for benefits. - n "nr EJ “WHAT HAPPENED to the rest of them—those who didn't file claims in these cases and many like them throughput the country? We're not sure—but we have a pretty good idea. “Some of them may have gotten jobs without going through the USES. Others are still job _ hunting and have never reported to an employment office. “Obviously some were given jobs through ‘spot placement’ by the USES, going immediately to work without filing any claims. “A lot of them left for home. They had been doing war work in cities where they did not actually maintain residence. Their jobs disappeared, so they just decided to go back where they came from. “Many decided to take ‘vaca~ tions" before going back to work or before going job hunting. “And it's quite possible that some of them didn't file for bene~ fits because they didn’t know They were eligible.” 3 ww

TOTAL NUMBER of unem ment compensation claims filed during the week ending May 5-= last week beforé the war in Europe ended—was estimated hy Mr. Clague at 155,000. Total filed during the week ending June 7 was 232,000. “This. increase ‘of about 50 per cent was about one-third of what .we expected,” he said. : Mr, Clague said not enough time has elapsed to provide a true pieture of what recent production cutbacks will méan to workers. “Most of them apparently. are trying to make the necessary ad- “ justments without asking aid from the government,” he said.

13,-

the daily doings of Papa San and Mama San and Baby San and the lesser people in the house—where they went by day . ., what they had to eat in the evening +. . how they amused themselves. As for his sources of information, ‘aside from the ghostly visions in the lenses, the men all knew that ‘time- after time the Submarine had gone in almost to the beach chasing the shadowy tankers and cargo carriers that were almost continually passing. And while targets take up a lot of one’s attention, there seemed no reason why the trained eye of a submarine skipper could not have

same medal. Medals designated in the order of the liberation

Copyright, 1945, by The Indianapolis Times and The Chicego Daily News, Inc.

1cCe. He was in Honolulu when the war started, and went out on one of the first patrqls to the coast of Japan. . In the patrol area -he ran into the usual ring of trawlers, and so was one of the . first of the submariners to learn about surface fighting. Coastal ship -

coasters and railroad trains andpass through to shrines back in the airfields. greenery. There is something weird to think ow ® & about in their unending vigil—the| ¥T WAS a strange world—a world | - eyes from another world ceaselessly | filled with unexpected flower garwatching an unsuspecting enemy | dens and gracefully curving roofs.of and occasionally checking up on yellow tile. It was an ungeal worl his finish. —like that of the old jscolored They watched the toil in the rice travelogue movies with no dull tomfields and along the loading plat- mentator’s voice to interpret it to forms® and docks at the seaside.|the men from the deep who lay unThey studied with interest the | seen and unsuspected a few hunscenery af tidy landscapes rising in |dred yards offshore. steps to the blue hills. At night when the engines were s = = quiet, they, could sometimes hear

, the Women

Some Might Carry Allergy “A Bit Too Far

By RUTH MILLETT A SOLDIER, dismayed by the fact that he sneezed every time he kissed his girl, was found by army doctors to be allergic to the girl's face powder. So she changed

By David Dietz

He points out that recently chemists have begun to discover minute traces of certain substances in cancer cells which heretofore had escaped detection. These substances are thought to be enzymes -or catalysts which may have an important bearing on the change of normal cells that ‘causes them suddenly to grow wild and turn into cancer cells,

orld of Science

NEW, MIRACULOUS techniques of physics and chemistry could be put to work to speed up the battle against the nation's No. 1 peacetime killer, diseases of the heart and blood vessels. This is the opinion of Dr. Frank Hovorka, professor of chemistry and acting chairman of the department of physics at Western Reserve university, Cleve-

Wes New Compounds Located and.

Some time ago I suggested that the time had come when the nation should raise a $10,000,000 fund to finance researches into this group of Aliseases, all beginning with high blood pressure, that cause one-third of all the deaths in peacetime America. Dr. Hovorka seconds the sugi gestion, pointing out that recent developments in the physical science have made available a whole new group of research weapons

THERE 1S THE possibility that chemical substances present in equally minute amounts might initiate the changes that cause the onset of high blood pressure. Low-temperature methods of study are enabling chemists to locate compounds ify’ the blood that were previously not known to be there. Dr. Hovorka compares the ‘situation to the early days of science when chemists were willing to regard the atmosphere as consisting of essentially one-fifth oxygen and four-fifths nitrogen plus some carbon dioxide, water vapor and dust. In so doing chemists

which they had been assigned took a lot of study. They were in a difficult zone with a narrow strait between them and the port, and shallow water on all sides of them. To the south of them, however, there was opportunity in plenty. The deep water runs close to the shore and all the Japanese ships had to follow this route, » » »

AND THEY reported appreciatively on such things, for they were paying a longer visit than most tourists to one of the most interesting spots in all Japan. They marked the traffic that ran like something in an old-fashioned magic lantern slide down the thin little band of road beyond the sands —trucks and army. cars mostly. This was the only proof from where |

temple bells thin and tinkly in the distancé behind the more familiar sounds of rattling trains and locomotive whistles, » » 5 THERE was a house on a point of land where Capt. Burlingame’s submarine did most of its patient cruising . . . rather a good house as such things go in Japan. And in time the crew got up an

taken in a lot of interesting detail

about less important things.

o » » THIS REGION, naturally, was not the most populous part of the coast —otherwise it prohably would not have been selected as a good spot for submarine operation operation.

But it was, poulous enough. And what was more important, the people minded their business.

own

her brand. Ie's hope that doesn't; give men the idea that they could work a racket with this allergy § business. Think what 1 they could do

missed the presence of helium, neon, argon, xenon |imaginative interest in its, occuand Krypton. “There should be the most careful chemical studies to determine possible difference in composition of the blood stream in health and disease,” he says. “The possibility exists that we may learn that minute amounts of chemical compounds play a tremendous role in controlling the condition of the blood vessels.” A successful attack on the program, he says, requires the organization of research teams in which

Even after the wreckage of ships that Burlingame had sunk began to clutter the beach, and the deep blue water was black with oil, the activity ashore went on unchanged. There was something idyllic about | it all.

that ought to be employed in such a battle.

Seek Chemical Key

AMONG THE TECHNIQUES and instruments that ought to be drawn upon Dr. Hovorka names the ultracentrifuge, the electron microscope, the ultra violet afl infrared spectroscope, polarography, chromotography, electron and X-ray diffraction, lowtemperature methods and electrophoresis, A large part of the study, he thinks, should be

they could look at it that this WY | vants. - ingaom Wee actually wt war. 7 The beach was blacked out at they could see crowds of old women Night—-much more effectively than : some. of the rest of the world is in gray kimonos and streams of blacked out little children in flowery wrappings :

But even so there were nights of SWEATIN' IT OUT—By Mauldin

THIS MEANT that submarines operating in the area also had to get close to the shore—so close that

it’s not remarkable that some of them saw horse races and roller

with it. The 3 man who didn’t . like his wife's

red. nail polish’ . could fake an allergy for it. V =» = “ THE® HUSBAND who "didn’t want to buy his wife a fur coat could develop’ a sudden allergy to fur—especially to the highpriced brands. :

brilliant moonlight, and there were moments when, the life "of _ this region had few secrets. Capt. Burlingame declared that he had

NEXT-—How Submarines Escaped From Manila.

developed to the search for the presence of chemical elements or compounds in microscopic quantities.

My Day

NEW YORK, Sunday.-—For our future security, perhaps the first and most important thing we should think of is our obligation to see that every, man able to work has a job, that every American family has a

decent -level of subsistence, and that every child has a chance to grow up without the physical and mental handicaps which arise out of bad housing, bad health and poor education and regreational conditions, Our | men have found, while fighting the war, that this country is the best country in the wor in which to live. Yet during th depression years there were man people, even youngsters, to whom that would have seemed an impossible statement. We know that the things we want can only. be secured if the other nations of the world have a rising standard of living and continuous desires which make the flow of trade more or less equal throughout the world, * ‘A nation with a’ high standard of living is a nation with a high national incoine. This will erable us to Bpend all we need on our defense ‘without hardship our people, 3 ye enable us to ‘provide ‘a a navy which our will consider adequdte Tor protection and

physiologists and pathologists would work together with physicists, chemists and biochemists.

By Eleanor Roosevelt

also meet the requirements of our experts and which shall be reduced only as the rest of the world reduces its military equipment proportionately; and a research group that will at all times be abreast of every modern invention, so that no nation in the world shall be ahead of us in the knowledge essential to the winning or to the prevention of future wars.

If we do decide that compulsory military training | is functioning |

Is essential until our peace organizatio and until the various parts of the world which have been unsettled for yedrs past are on a more satisfac tory economic and political basis, then we must be very careful how we choose and allocate our young people to their various tasks. i. In addition, we must repay them-—on their release from military service—by giving them training in their chosen fields which will make it possble to accelerate their entrance into productive life as civilians. oi I would not be averse to seeing each and every citizen required to do something every year for his state-and nation besides the. mere act of employing hig franchise, : In every part of a great nation, some emergencies always arise in which trained people, young ‘or old, are more useful than untrained ones. ; oUt tb Soul aoird in ¥ World wire 3p Jet

learned all about the intimate rou-

Copyright, 1945, by The Indianapolis Times

and The Chicago Daily News, Inc

Here Are Ways to

Aid War Effort

WASHINGTON, June 18 (U. P.).—A mesage from the office of war information: The government needs and asks

its citizens in this 184th week of |

the war against Japan to: 1, Keep the Japanese in the dark as troop transfers increase. Don't write or talk about the movements of men, ships or materials to or from the Pacific, 2. Stay off the already-ctowded trains during July 4 holidays,

and spend’ your time at home, |

Troop furloughs and transfers must come first. 3. Take a vacation job on a

farm when school is out. Farmers |

need help to bring in the harvests necessary to prevent threatening food shortages. 4. Buy your soldier a hond before the end of the mighty seventh war loan drive. Notify him of your gift on a special V-mail, bond certificate 5. Join thé cadet nurse corps, Although the army now has suf-

| 1 { { |

|

» HANNAH ¢ hrs €

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a; /

Husbands who dislike evenings devoted to bridge could plead an allergy to smoke-filled rooms. though how they would get out to poker games after claiming such symptoms would be another problem for them. A man could even sneeze instead of laugh when his wife brings home a little bit ‘of feathers to wear on her head with an $18.00 price tag attached. o » ”

IF HE could convince the little woman he was just plain to dust, a man wouldnt clean the basement or the —and he might slide out from under his obligation to the garden

And a man could easily develop