Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 23 May 1945 — Page 10

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A HAAR I RAS 8. Mo 31

“The Indianapolis Times "PAGE 10 Wednesday, May 23, 1945 ;

ROY W. HOWARD WALTER LECKRONE President Editor

(A SCRIPPS-HOWARD NEWSPAPER)

HENRY W. MANZ Business Manager

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Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way

ALLIED TRAGEDY GECRETARY OF STATE STETTINIUS' temporary recall from San Francisco to Washington this week is A bad sign. If means the European post-war situation is very much out of hand, creating an emergency which overshadows Golden Gate -negotiations for a new league of uations. ’ . : This shift of interest from San Francisco. to Europe 18 “ pore than a matter of healllines. The key to both is the game—the ability of tie allies i general, and of the big powers in particular, to co-operate in making and enforcing a just peace. If they cannot co-operate in Europe now in tact, their promise to co-operate in any international organizations of .the future is not’ worth much. Though there are many currents and cross-currents in the San Francisco conference and in ‘the complicated European situation, one nation dominates both. That is Russia. At the Golden Gate her attitude has been that she must have her way on all major issues, or else. * And in Europe

she is getting her way by force or threat of force, direc * and through her multiplying puppets. : * # = LT a

So *WE DOUBT that there is much Secretary Stettinius

@an do about this in Washington, any more than in. San}

Francisco... He and Foreign Minister Eden of Britain spent: many..days with Foreign Commissar Molotov in . San Francisco trying to get the Big Three on to a working basis. They failed. Now there is no Russian, either at the conference or in Washington, who can speak with authority. . Ambassador Gromyko does not even pretend to do more than refer questions to Moscow. Hitherto hopes have centered on the proposed meeting +f President Truman and Prime Minister Churchill with Marshal Stalin. That is still the best chance, but “it is rapidly waning. ; : For one reason because Stalin is trying to evade that meeting. For another reason because Stalin, since Yalta, as not been carrying out his Big Three agreements— whether deliberately, .or because Communist party or Red army leaders fear co-operation with Britain and the United States, is not clear. » # . » : » ” » MEANWHILE RUSSIA is taking over military control nd political dictatorship: of all Eastern Europe and most sf Central Europe. From many of these areas she excluded wot only the allied press, but also American and British offi.ials. This is the exact opposite of the status agreed to st Yalta. Under that high-priced pact, the Big Three jointly were to preserve order and liberty under represen-

EP;

REFLECTIONS —

Voice of America By Howard Vincent O'Brien

EVERYWHERE in Sen Francisco were , signs: “Welcome, citizens of the world. JFhese signs were pleasant. They made one feel warmly noble. They

ty, 5 cents a copy: deliv-q were absolution for personal responsibility.

It is so much-easier to be a citizen of the world than t8 be a citizen of Toonerville. It is less of a strain to cheer for “justice” and “liberty” and the “rights of man” than to be friendly to Jews and Catholics and, Negroes and people of Japanese de-

ticket. Without pain is the heart which bleeds for India; but it's no fun worrying about folks across the tracks. And a Good Neighbor policy in South America takes less out of you than being generous to the persons next door.

What Will Be Accomplished COMING HOME from San Francisco people ask me what will be accomplished there. . The best answer I can think of is that nothing will be accoms’ plished save a realization of how ‘much, there is to accomplish. But that will be a good dedl. + People also wonder ‘tow wide is the gulf between Russia and ourselves. This:I can answer with mithematical accuracy. . It is just three and one-half inches—the difference betweéen the gauge of Russian railways (five feet) and the four feet, eight and one-half inches which is standard in Western Europe. . . . Except for the five feet three inches of Ireland and the five feet, six inches of Spain and Portugal. We are still somewhat short of being “one world” when we can't even agree on the gauge of our railroads. Australia is a sample of our confusion. It has a stretch of standard track, connecting at one end with a gauge of five feet, thrée inches and three feet, six inches at the other. a Before the world can agree on big things, it will have. to agree on little ones. Consider the word, so carelessly tossed around these days: “Billion.” To us and the French and most Europeans it is a thous sand=millions. To the lish-and Germans (and, maybe, the Saudi Arabians) -it is a ‘million milion. “In short, the world is three whole-decimal places from unity. ip

Misapprehension Was Corrected . APTER THREE weeks, groping in billows "of intellectual ectoplasm, it was a stout soul which did @ot succumb, to the illusion that the millenium was just: inside the doors of a. conference room. And each night. as we correspondents filed our dispatches, we felt that all our readers were waiting breathlessly for what we had to report. This misappreherision was corrected shortly after I boarded the train at Oakland. Seated next to me in the club car were two bright-eyed young Americans. They wanted to know the significance of the red-and-gold badge on my lapel. They had seen many of them, they said. > 3 “This is the badge,” 1 replied with dignity, “of a representative of the press accredited to the United Nations conference on international organization.” “Oh,” said one of the giris. “Just another convention, huh?” Later, lying in my berth, I pondered on this. I decided that what I had heard was veritably the voice of the people.

= WORLD AFFAIRS—

Veto Power By Wm. Philip Simms

SAN FRANCISCO, May 23— Veto. power now in the hands of the

ative temporary governments, pending free elections, in the liberated countries. * Much of the evil now being done cannot be undone, unless Russia soon reverses her defiant policy. Not the least disastrous effect of this policy is the growing public distrust of Russia in America, Britain, and elsewhere. : This is a terrible tragedy. Once the possibility of gen‘nine co-operation for a just peace and security is destroyed, it cannot be restored easily or quickly. Russia can't realize what troubles she is storing up for herself and the world. We hope she will wake up before it is too late.

ABOLISH THE OWI

(CONGRESS should abolish the office of war information. This agency had about 58 million dollars to spend in | the current fiscal year. It was budgeted to spend 54 million in the year béginning July 1. President Truman asked congress to cut that to 42 million, saying that victory in Europe had ended the need for psychological warfare there. Congress shotild give OWI just enough money to liquidate itself in a hurry. ; On May 1, OWI had 9385 people on its payroll: In this | country, 4023; elsewhere throughout the world, 1661 sent from the United States and 3701 hired abroad. Since then'| it has been recruiting more. | Some OWI employees are able and well-meaning. Many are crackpots, professional do-gooders, and persons making the most of a chance to spread, at public expense, strange propaganda which would surprise and digplease the Amer ican people if they knew all that goes on. ro] What OWI does in this country is mostly made work. It assembles and passes on to the press information from | government departments and bureaus, most of which are |

over-stocked with press agents of their own. Having power to select the substance and shape the | the security . form of the information it transmits, the OWI is under | Americas would still be in progre

constant temptation to he a censor, | n » vy ” n ~ | IT'S UNLIKELY that anyone outside OWI knows all its plans for operating abroad, but mach that is known is bad. For instance, it wants to publish- German-language newspapers and magazines in Germany.

It wants to operate radio stations in occupied countries. |

Until President Truman and Gen. Eisenhower called a halt, it even joined in a scheme to bar privately published American and British newspapers trom occupied Germany, . The American people don't want government owned ‘and operated newspapers and radio stations in this country, They would distrust the information and opinion thus transmitted, justifiably suspecting it as propaganda. The Germans and Japs would recognize the OWI output as propaganda. They would conclude that our democracy plays the same game as their tyrannies. It would be much better to let people in the occupied countries publish such newspapers and operate such radios as they can afford, at their own expense, under strict allied military. censorship and At home or abroad, there is no good reason for conHnding ts OWL. Its usefulness, if any, has ended. Abolish

Ww .® Jf

i CLOUDED ISSUE ~~

| OF COURSE. the

about it, will enable any one of them to block the peace efforts of all the rest of ‘the United Nations put together. This paralyzing effect could be made effective against inter-American security as well. A. single, non-American power, through its veto, could halt the entire 22 nations of the western hemisphere whenever it so desired. Under the week-end compromise, every American republic has the right of individual or collective selfdefense in case of attack, but only “until the se« curity council has taken measures necessary to maintain international security.”

Security Council Would Intervene FOR EXAMPLE: American republic A. invades American republic B. As matters now Stand, not only would B have the right t§ fight back, but the rest of the Americas would also be bound to go to B's support. Presumably, however, the security council would intervene. That is to say, it would take “measures necessary to maintain international security.” Council action within the superior, world body would then take precedence over regional action whereupon anything could happen . ‘Suppose C, one of the Big Five, for some reason or political or ideological—was sympathetic towards A, the nation which the rést of the Americas considered the aggressor.” By vetoing the use of force and insisting on some other procedure, it ‘could very effectively freeze further direct action. It could delay things—as the case of Manchuria was delayed—intérminably. Or non-American nation C might prefer to intervene with forces of its own—no matter how well the inter-American system was functioning in the matter—regardless of the 125-year-old Monroe doc~ trine and the unanimous wishes of the 21 American republics.

American Member Also Has Veto American member of the Big Five also has a veto. In the security council it-could use that veto to: prevent outside intervention in the Americas. But while that might tie the hands of council, the aggression

recriminations would likely destroy the league. Unless restricted, the Big Five could also veto the peaceful settlement even fortification of the Jap mandated islands of the Pacific. 1f these islands become subject to the control of the sécurity council any of the Big Five can argue that fortifying them contemplates the evéntual use of force and hence a veto is in order, The corollary of all this. observers here are saying {s that international will depend chiefly | upon the good will of the great powers-at present the Big Three. Without that, nothing done here can guarantee world peace for long. Therefore coriference l eircles are hoping that Secretary Stettinius' dash to | Washington to consult with the White House and |

of disputes or

security

state department means that an early meeting is con- |

templated between President Truman, Prime Minister Churchill and Marshal Stalin,

1 str ———

WE, WILL utilize all land masses near Japan as fast bs we can take them, but the islands we already have can absorb much more of the air forces. Lack of englueering troops to develop bases is a critical ftem.--Lt. Cier, Barrow M. Giles, commander, army air forces in Pacific, .

. .

NAZIISM has been tried. Bolshevism is too much like naziism to have a much better chance. There | 18 no place for it, either, among our disillusioned people. All the old idealisms have failed usi—Pastor Martin Niemoeller, freed German Protestant minister, -. . » p

warn that a cut of 200,000,000 packages ifi| *THE MODERN girl will go without food and sleep,

purchases of cigarets may not mean that eivil- | Ling aay. nou makeup Dr. Doris Odlum, provi: fp ey Ee aL : cach sional national ‘health, London Thany | _ How come?- We can | wi oa Rag,

more up.

vy ¢

scent and those dumb clucks who vote the opposite |

Big Five, unless. something is done | China a | power with the mere stroke of a|

{pen and blandly says “there 1s

within the! s and the resulting |

block the |

By Thomas L. Stokes

“TIME HAS COME TO CALL A HALT” By The Walchman, Indianapolis Drew Pearson, in a recent column, has given the western democracies, especially the United States and Britain, substantial food for some very deep thinking on world trends. Says Mr, Pearson, “Russia is now on the road to becoming the most powerful nation in ‘Europe and Asia, and there ‘is nothing we can do to prevent it. Half a billion Chinese, plus one-third _ billion Indians, restless under British rule, are certain to gravitate to Russia; also the middle Buropean countries of Czechoslovakia, Austria, Poland and the Balkans.” Mr. Pearson here confirms what The Watchman |“I'M BURNED has pointed out—that Stalin is TC A CRISP”

stepping right into Hitler's seven- » Arthur J. Bennett, R. R. 12, Box 178-A league boots of world power am- Some time ago, I applied for can-

Bition. : : : . Uni ning sugar in plenty of time to Britain and the led States can the apples we had on hand.

must face this other totalitarian : menace to world security and free. | The application was returned be-

dom. So Pearson writes . Poland, |cause I answered questions two and and India into Stalin's three marked “no record” I returned the application with the fol{lowing letter: “I'm burned to a crisp. well look. “Pirst, I'm ordered by an unsigned order to “answer all questions” and According to reports. like Pear- “check my pantry shelf” on a reson's, Europe and Asia are doomed | *0¥Hed application for canning munist aggression under a| . Dr oe gg térror, so| Then it has been three months much like Nazi brutality that there since we used the last of our fruit 1s no discemible difference, a sys-|and Jelly. We canned more than tem of complete subjugation py | alloted last year by using corn sirup. force, violence, purges, starvation |Now yoy figure it out. and slave labor. Surely that is not| “Last, you want me to lie so T'll what the United States and Britain [have my sugar this year. I won't call ‘security” for Poland, -China,|do it if I have to do without. India or any other of our allies. | “I'm keeping & copy of this let- | Stalin is over-playing his hand ter to send to the papers as it may on the assumption that we can’t help stop some of the foolishness {help these nations, but he ‘may we- have to take. {learn that Americans and the Brit- | “We canned a bushel of apples lish can’t be dictated to so easily. not long ago. Fifty per cent of The British and the Americans | them spoiled in the last 10 days beIhave gone too far already to appease | Cause we didn’t have sugar to help | Stalin. The time has come to call | preserve them. {achalt to his arrogant and provoca-| “I don't wish you any bad luck, tive attitude. Stalin is following|but I hope your ration troubles are liké a vulture in the path of Hitler DO less than mine.” and Japan, pouncing on the nations . n= {Hitler and Japan grabbed and defy- “COULD THE MAYOR ling the western powers to pre- HELP THIS STREET?” (vent it. | BY Mrs. Ethel Rice, Indianapolis The United States and Britain South Randolph st, between rshould take a sécond- and closer | Maryland and English ave, hasn't ‘look at their. political “diplomatic been cleaned in three years; the land strategic position in Furope and | dirt and rubbish is piled to the Agia, and find a way to save Poland, | curb. When {t's dry we nearly India, China and other nations choke to death on the dust. When from this ruthless aggressor. it rains we get splashed with mud. | There are -definite ways to pre-| So who is on a “strike?” Could the |vent a second rape of Poland, China| mayar help this street? Eh, Mr. and others, Tyndall, t

ith

(Times readers are invited to express their views in these columns, religious controversies excluded, Because of the volume received, letters should be limited to 250 words. Letters must be signed. Opinions set forth here are those of the writers, and publication ‘in no ‘way implies agreement with those opinions ye The Times. The Times assumes no responsibility for the return of manu“scripts and cannot enter correspondence regarding them.)

9 nothing we can do to prevent it.” Why?

That is for President Truman and Mr. Churchill and the peoples of the western powers to decide.

“I wholly disagree with what you say, but will defend to the death

1 By E.R. Egan, 101 Markwood ave.

has one major objective—to prevent

your right to say it.”

“OCCUPATION HAS ONE MAJOR OBJECTIVE”

Allied occupation of Germany

military reorganization. This the Germans should be made to understand. Likewise, co-operation with the allied powers determines the extent and length of occupation, and such co-operation should be received in good Talth. It will be very easy to determine just how sincere co-operation may be. And the first indication of such cooperation may be demonstrated in the alacrity with which their erstwhile marauding soldiers set to work producing food. The allied powers must set three very definite, generous, adequate quotas qf diversified production, not based upon profit alone, but for health and comfort, and there is no better form of rehabilitation with no form of resentment attached to the process, and it must be a first order to establish a sane citizenry, trained to rob, pillage and murder wholesale. Likewise, it must be borne in upon ‘them that this country has no intention of feeding Germany or yet clothing them, and in the ultimate analysis; of governing them except to prevent a resurgent militarism. : So while the allied powers have the business in hand, they must be made to learn the elements of government they are so apt in when they migrated to this country. Nazi philosophy must be eradicated by oollecting and burning their literature and their re-educa-tion begun upon a modern scientific basis, and punishment for nongompliance with such a program, “Jt is not necessary, nor does it expedite matters, to treat the citizenry, aside from the war criminals, as a conquered péople as such unless their attitude compels such policy. Indeed, such a policy would do more to promote rearmament, which is of course dependent upon the population. A part, and a very definite part, of their re-education must include the apprehension, convictioin and execution of the Nazi leaders and war criminals. And this must be done at once as they are caught, with no dramatic mass executions, or yet action by local authorities, as in the case of Mussolini and associates. It must be by allied tribunals to impress them of international authority, Finally, not. the least of the educational benefits would be the effect upon Japan, Hirohito, Tojo and Yamashite and subordinates, and much the same process there. $ . » » “CAN WE BE ASSURED OF PEACE?” By Beity Bhaddsy, 135 E, Minhesots st. Now that victory in Europe -has peert accomplished, the allies are faced with the problem of re-edu-cating Germany's youth. At the age of six these children were taught military salutes, political songs and prayers for this power-crazed madman, All teachings of moral decency were forgotten. They would even betray their own parents, because, if not, they would be branded as. a ‘traitor. Their only thought was of world

{gther. I3gorable circumstances; er:

helpful to the South.

‘| cuse.

Rate Ruling

WASHINGTON, May 23.—Many far-reaching economic changes should develop eventually from the interstate commerce commission's decision removing freight rate differentials against the South and the West and bring ing those sections into equality with the East. : It was, in effect, an ‘economic’ revolution and nek altogether a mild one, : It may not be polite, but lots of folks in the South

‘will remark that the Civil War is over at:last. That

section suffered for years from an inferiority complex, as well as in many pragtical ways, because of this discrimination. And the West, which has thought, too, that the East has been protected too much by the federal government, will feel it has been ade mitted into the Union as an equal partner,

’ + Hd Both Handicapped by Freight Rates IT WAS many years ago that Horace Greeley made his remark about “Go West, young man” and some years after that some booster organization in the South paraphrased it “Go South, young man.” °° The theory in both cases was that both sections would develop industrially, as had the East, Both did so, to some extent. : : But they have been handicapped by the freight rates. -A man who put up a factory in either the South or . West discovered that the freight charge was higher for shipping comparable distances than for factories in the East. Thus eastern manuface turers could put their products into supposedly come petitive markets at a lower price than he could. There were some strange results of this extra freight charge, where the East could send stuff al most to the South's front doar at lower prices. Any southerner or westerner could string out these exe amples by the yard, as they have done in the lass few years in the fight for justice. ;

Established Low Wage Scales THIS FREIGHT rate differential was a deterren$ to wide-spread industrial development, such as the South is well ‘qualified to. handle because 6f many

“There was another—reeult which has tot Industries which did move to-. the South, or developed locally, established low wage. scales, using the freight rate differential as one exe There is good evidence that they exploited. it, The Soutll consequently used its low wage scales as an inducement, Local chambers of commerce ade vertised this fact broadly, as did some local governe ments. This contributed, too, to resistance to minis mum wage laws, to protective statutes for labor, and to unionization. Until recent years state labor laws in the South were miserably inadequate. ‘ As a result, the cheaper and less desirable type of industry often was attracted to the South, much of it seeking to escape decent labor laws in East and Middle West and to find a haven in the South, There was quite a migration of this sort about 10 years ago.

Equalization Should Help Labor EQUALIZING of the freight rates which will take a couple of years to work out, should help the South and the West, industrially. At the same time it should help labor by removing another of the excuses against maintaifing good wage scales, though unionization in the South in recent years alread has achieved much in this direction. : The groundwork for the I. C. C. decision was" laid in a measure enacted in congress four years ago; spon sored by Rep. Robert Ramspeck (D. Ga.) and Senator Lister Hill (D. Ala), which required “local” and “regional” consideration of the effect of freight rates and, at the same time, directed the commission - to make the investigation which resulted in its decision. Some time ago the West also became active, State governors, both South and West, created a special organization to get the rate structure. changed, Dramatizing the issue particularly among. the goye ernors was young Gov. Ellis 'G. Arnall of Georgia, who took to the supreme court a few months back a case charging discrimination by the railroads. The

IN WASHINGTON—

OWI Facts

By Daniel M. Kidney

WASHINGTON, May 23-—Some of the things for which’ the oils of “war information is expending i current appropriation of $58,625,367 will be brought to light soon with <f : the publication of house appropriations committee hearings on thié war agencies bill. Personnel is the big item with OWI On April 30 they were employing 9385. Of this number 4023 were with OWI in the United States and 5362 overseas. This “overseas” (which means throughout the world) force consisted of 1661 Americans and 370% foreigners, whom OWI designates as “locals.” : What this army of employees has done was a matter of considerable criticism before the appropria« tions committee. For OWI Director Elmer Davis ig asking for $42,000,000 to keep the outfit going for another fiscal year. : A

Grant Cites ‘Lack of Alertness’ BOTH DEMOCRAT and Republican congressmen have been outspoken in favor of its abolition.. Some ‘have said that they know of no easier way to save $42,000,000 than to ¢nd OWI, Rep. Albert. Gore (D. Tenn) and others who spent considerable time at the front. (Mr. Gore as a soldier on special assignment) said they were une familiar with just what it was OWI was doing over in Europe. One “congressman said that he Had heard a ‘good deal about OWI in London, but it mostly was trivia about how some of «its personnel was spending thei time in cocktail lounges. A sample of what he called “the lack of alertness™ of OWI was related by Rep. Robert A. Grant (R, Ind.) who flew to Australia as a member of the house naval affairs committee. “We were in Sydney two days Mr. Grant Jsaide “We hhd been greeted by the American consul ahd our pictures with stories about our inspection trip had been in all the Sydney papers. At last an OWI man showed up and began questioning us—first he had heard of it.

'OWI Also Is. Sick’ “1 SAW WHERE Elmer Davis sald that OWI must spoon-feed the Germans with its plan for newspapers and magazines to be printed ‘and distributed in U. 8, occupied territory. - In fact he was quoted as saying ‘Germany is a sick man. That is trig. But owl also is sick and it isn't worth $42,000,000 to restore it to Wealth. It never can recover. “The whole history of the OWI has been a sad story of wasted funds. It 1s time to put a stop to it.” On the domestic front OWI's fiction 18 to funnel

making most of the original writers mad because of the poor rewrite jobs. They also function as a bartiue between the press and public departments . Under the OWI system all general refbases come through labeled “cleared and released through facil. ities of the office of war information”, That gives the OWI the opportunity to put in the p touch.

To The Point—

foxholing them. it y

i ® "a - z i THE GRANDEST MEAL in the world is the one menu cards. : : a

will leave

court announced recently it ould take jurisdiction,

handouts from the myriad other government agencies,

» i SLOWLY, BUT SURELY, the Yanks are driving the Japs out of their positions on Okinawa. Oute

which could be made up of lems penciled out on the

MR approacl Lt. Guy Guy Jor the hom

Huffma * Miss Both Mis college. ¥ Mrs. Erne Stewart, e Appro home. Ot Mesdames James M. Barrett, Mrs. H, W. J. Bla at dinner Marian Ri guest will M. Slater

i" of her par “liam J. Bl

The par * ger’s home be Miss York; Me Jack Woe: Paul Fleté Jr, and M

Dinners A NUM will be hel hotel prec: recital by

k. The ~. Among | are Dr. an Lt. and M

A. L. Gill Also, Me Camp Hill Critchlow, M. Timbe: Diane Par

‘ scholarshij

lege. 8he and Mrs. ¢ The Ind scholarshi] Ann Lind and Mrs. (

Poet Mee The Po

meyer, Sh Inez Dowr Among | Hilton U. dames Wi Johnson Mesdames Spatig, E B. Paul, Ti and T. B.

Meet Mrs. Wi hostess 1 Alpha ch: rority, "at Lineoln.

PHF

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