Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 May 1945 — Page 2
___ an army car takes him to look
iA
boii it,
“ Jackson Picks War
“FOR WART TRIALS
EE ie Will Be Be Given to
Justice Jackson, (Continued From Page Ome)
* tical and satisfactory answer to a
hn
Trial Aids WASHINGTON, May 18 (U. i 'w-Whether German general
P.).
war criminals will be determined by “the four allied prosecuting attor-| “neys, the White House said today 4 The question was raised yesterday at President Truman's news confer-|
ence. The President, however, re-|
ferred it to Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson. who will represent the United States in- prosecution of war criminals before an in-| ternational tribunal to be set up| later. Jackson, meanwhile, has chosen three top legal experts to aid him
in preparation and presentation of | this country’s case against leading |
axis criminals.
One of Jackson's major assistants |
staff man of the ‘Marion County ‘officers are tried and punished as|finance committee, said. |
(Continued Prom Page One)
army ground forces band | Camp Gruber, Okla., will direct a [band, concert. whieh ‘will ‘be ‘dupli= cated Saturday noon. The display on the Circle will reopen at 11 a. m. Saturday and continue through the afternoon.” The Circle exhibit-as well as the
{battle action at the ball park and
the demonstration of weapons will] emphasize the importance of the | infantry to final success against | Japan, William H. Trimble, chairwar |
Canvass Saturday Boy Scouts and Cubs of the] Central Indiana council are sponsor- | ing the infantry show prior to the | opening Saturday of the house-to- |
from |
{house war bond canvass to be held §
to meet Marion county's quota of 1 $33,000,000. : : Seats will be reserved for the 5000 | Boy Scouts and Cubs who will attend the Priday night event, but all other seats will be available to the public. The boys will assemble by units at the southeast corner of Victory field at 7:30 p. m. and will march into the field. -
will be Maj. Gen. William J, (Wild |
Featured in the progrant will be | §
Bill) Donovan, chief of the office of the first presentation in the history | £3
strategic services, the government s|of the Central Indiana council of highly secret wartime intelligence | the quartermaster award to a Sea agency. { Scout. Frederick D. Leete III will : /Left to Prosecutors [receive the award from Sea Scout “In the opinion of our govern- Commodore.John Buehler. ment,” White House press secre-
tary, Charles G. Ross told re- | porters, “the determination of who AL are the top criminals to be vied,
The “human bridge” quick crossing where barbed wire
that's
the infantry way of forcing a bars the way to the enemy. This
and other combat techniques will be seen_at Victory field Friday | . hight when the “Here’ s Wour Infantry” show gets under way.
Elwood School
Dedicated
THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES [Better Thar Acrobatic Act; Infantrymen_ “© Will Form Human Bridge in Combat Show
ecuting lawyers.”
| At the same time he said it was
the hope of this government that the other three powers—Great Britain, Russia and France — would soon 3s possible.” referred back to the Yalta ue which said the Big Three were determined to “break up for all time the German general staff that has repeatedly contrived the resurgence of German militarism.” He explained that the allied war crimes commission. now sitting in London is serving as a grand jury, turning in indictments, and that undoubtedly some of those indicted would “never come to trial, this , depending on the prosecuting law-
Back to Crime Scenes
As has been announced previously, Ross said it was expected that a great majority of the war erim- - nals would be returned to the countries in which they did their misdeeds to receive justice. Only the major criminals whose crimes were not of limited geographic significance—such men as Heinrich Himmler and Hermann Goering— would be tiied by the four-power tribunal. At the same time members of
ppoint their prosecutors “as
<s DOENITL REGIME
Close Western Frontier to Bar Escape of Nazis. (Continued From Page One)
war criminals wanted.” A prohibited area was established along the borders in which any hostile act on the part of the inhabitants will be punished severly, possibly by death. _Only those with written permits will be allowed to cross from Germany into the Netherlands, Belglum. or France, headquarters said.
and other persons
government and Oberkommand was awaiting the decision of still higher quarters, possibly involving more than one nation, the source—from Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower's headquarters at Reims—said. : Thus army hands are tied from taking some of the drastic steps being demanded in the. United States and Britain, the Reims informant said. Other authoritative quarters already have said that the Doenitz
To Wendell Willkie Ideals
(Continued From Page One) science cluises are taking on more
Final disposition of the German|
the U. 8. Senate, who heard yes- régime has no standing as a govterday from 12 fellow congressmen | ernment, but to what extent its | a first hand account of conditions elements may be retained by the in Nazi concentration camps, called | allies as an assisting administrafor widespread publicity on the re-|tive body remained to be answered.
his time as a political thinker,” Mr Ball said. “But he was a poor politician, “The world was not ready to grasp his theories . ... not ready to see as he says in his book:
Willkie's Teachings
“‘Continents and oceans are plainly only parts of a whole . , England and America are parts, Russia and China, Egypt, Syria and Turkey, Iraq and Iran are also parts , . . it is inescapable that there can be no peace for any part of the world unless” tHe foundations of peace are made: secure throughoiit all parts of the world.’ “It is my belief,” Mr. Ball said, that the conference now ‘in session at San Francisco was brought about by Wendell's teachings and policies. “He saw the world as a shrunken world. He was the first candidate of a great political party ‘out of office to support the international
party. ‘Real American’ “He was the first such candidate willing to forego the political advantage of criticizing his opponents foreign policy in order to estab{lish a national foreign policy. It was a great contribution to the statesmanship of his country.
‘iare more broadminded. Ia
| political affiliation.
| school annual; Floyd E. Zeiger, an-
or foreign policy of the incumbent!
SpoRHMIteY of the German general |
ons other Iawyers are Sidney 8. Alderman, general solicitor for the Southern railway, and Assistant Attorney General Francis M. Shea. Also named to Jackson's staff were Navy Lt. James B. Donovan, O88 general counsel, and Navy Lt. Gordon Dean, former special assist-
The Reims source said the task {of reconverting from military opLerations to a vast, co-ordinated ven-
any event could not be accomplished “in-a day.” Nazi Radio Silenced
He said the allied mission already had seized control of radio
Doenitz - government, to prevent a
ture in civilian “administration in!
Flensburg, formerly voice - of the]
ant to the attorney general when
“But Wendell went farther than that,” Mr. Ball said. “He made his policy one of international. collaboration rather than national isolationism. Wendell Willkie was neithrer a Republican or a Democrat. He sacrificed huis} i political future to be a real Am {ican and tell the truth. Surely | truly he was no politician.
No Political Tinge
“That's about what will be the]
recurrence of an unauthorized proadcast Sunday which. slanted news items to suggest a conflict between Russia and the western allies. The mission found the Oberkom-| mand of the wehrmacht, which di-
Jackson held that office.
RUSSIANS CLAMOR AGAINST CODDLING
(Continued From Page One)
naval operations of Germany, in- | dividual ground forces and naval]
| commands, and a number of reichs- |
Messerschmitt had a servant, an ministries at Flensburg, which lies
occasional . free seat at a theater | just south of the Danish border. = | All departments were taken over | he would want more than to feel] on a “Seize and freeze” basis pend- |
‘and the use of an automobile when he desired it. Aroused members ‘of commons |ing a decision on what elements if have filed a biting series of ques-|any would be retained during allied tions for Prime Minister Churchill | occupation. ranging from the coddling of Nazis | to demands for speedy trials of war criminals. Most were expected to
be answered tomorrow. man people and supplying them Bill for Taxpayers with food and shelter, however, | The Daily Mirror said Messer- | even if they should be purged of
schmitt’s third floor-front apart- | Nazi members.
i The Reims ment was sound-proofed with the ministries were wholly. out of touch
result that he was not disturbed by | with the rest of Germany. escaped British war ‘prisoriers who Indications were that the German were brought to headquarters down- | people will be left to feed "themstairs for interrogation and new selves, Seventy ships a month wil outfits. be required to feed allied occupation Messerschmitt has no clothes troops alone, and none can be troubles himself, the’ Daily said. He brought with him inte con- | ~ finement several suitcases of clothes.’ The dispatch did not say where and when he was captured. “Most. of the day, Willi sits writing and in the evenings sometimes over | London's damage,” the Daily Mirror | sald. “He was told in Germany ers at that the. town was almost entirely “ in mins, -
VINSON MAY BECOME NATION'S FOOD CHIEF
ABHINGTON, May 16-Con-onal sources said today that day. #President Truman had made War | _ Mobilizer Fred M. Vinson food He " “csar” and had directed him to SPVErely work ‘ destaned’ 1 |of inforcement agents and is have out a program designed to. {,ouble enough keeping ‘out- - snd charges of administration | state health -situations ur@er con-
bungling in the medt situation: trol.
‘ These sources ‘said Vinson would| Furthermore, he added, “for 30
ade payment of direct’ subsidies or 40 years, the state health board |
Little help was expected from {the ministries in policing the Ger-
CITY STRIKERS AID
(Continued From Page One)
the street department's Shelby st. shops had signed a petition asking tha! Frank Sprouse, city hall politico and.key figure in previous worker unrest, he their supervisor. Meanwhile, lack of manpower hands of the state health department on_the strike, State Health
“Trouble Enough” declared that . Indiana is handicapped by
| said,
rected the over-all ground, air andj
|
Little Help Expected
Mirror! spared for the civilian Population. |
IV: CLOTAING DRE =o 2 Er
core of the institution.” Mr.. Ball tion national in scope so much the better. - But there never must be the slightest hint of a political party tinge. “Whether it will succeed, T don't know. I hope so. I hope we have the leadership and further his principles and philosophies. “There probably is nothing that the principles which he was suce cessful in establishing were being maintained and strengthened,” Modern Education But already Eiwood youth from the first grade up are Ro Mr. Willkie's influence whether consci- | ous of it or not. Posters by first graders are captioned “One World” and show a globe. Others tell the simple story
informant said the ©f people of nations working side
by side. “In high school” principal, said, by Mr. Willkie's
Keith,
teachirigs. Un-
| doubtedly we will profit greater as modern education breaks down old |
theories.
“There is a gradual transition in|
progress now to the theories | Willkie,” He said.
both as a text and a reference.
a think we see actual evidence tant labor leader, died suddenly last aircraft, political night.
y. History and
of a forum aspect and the children |
“Frank . political discussions in class have broken down the teacher's fear of losing a job through
“I believe we can have a political science center here if it is based on principles and not politics,” he said. And so this afternoon Governor Gates formally . re-dedicated the school in a fitting ceremony,
Many On Program -
Others on the program included former Governor. Schricker; Mayor Elther Tunis, the Rev. Fred R. Hill, First Methodist church; the Rev. Robert Sage, Baptist church; the Rev. Father Theodore Hammes, 8t. Joseph Catholic church; Bruce { Foote, Chicago Opera Co.; Miss | Patricia Bowman, editor of the
nual sponsor, and the high school band. Mrs. Willkie: was unable to attend the ceremony honoring her husband, but wrote: “I am very touched and very gratified that Elwood is- naming and dedicating its high school in memory of Wendell.” And if some day there should evolve a training center for America’s youth, the old inscription over the entrance to the main building will be fitting: “The Hope of Our Country. »
“If we can make the founda- |
foresight to
. Scott, ‘We have profited
of Katovsky,
WMG WONDERS HOW ALL WORKERS WORK
(Continued From Page One)
bureau of manpower utilization,”
REGIONAL PEACE PLAN SETTLED]
Latin-American Dispute. {Continued From Page One)
wartime “act of Chapultepec” which was signed at Mexico City in March. “The general reaction was that the gravest crist8 of this conference had been liquidated. The delegates immediately turned to ‘other unsolved problems—international trusteeships, a world court statute, and the campaign of little nations. to strengthen the general assembly. Three-Point Formula
The U. S. formula on the regional issue will be presented today to |a special subcommittee which will pass it on immediately to the full committee for almost certain and
..|immediate approval.
The. general principles for solv=ing the regional dispute have been agreed upon since last Saturday. But the wording of them had stumped the best minds here for three days. The result is a threepoint formula requiring two specific amendments to the Dumbarton Oaks proposals, The three points are: ONE-Recoguition of the paramount authority of the world or{ganization in all enforcement ac- | tion. (This is already in the Dumbarton Oaks plan in a section which provides that no enforcement action by regional] agencies shall be taken without authorization by the world security council.)
Require New Amendment
TWO: Recognition that the inherent right of self defense—individual or collective—must remain unimpaired in case the world security council does not maintain peace and an armed attack against a member state occurs, (This will require an amendment to the ‘socalled “enforcement action” section of Dumbarton Oaks. The amendment will call for immediate reports to the security council when this right of self defense is exercised.)
agencies will be looked upon as important because of their ability to
THREE: Agreement that regional
3-Point Gompromise. Ends,
_ WEDNESDAY, MAY’ 16, 18
Hitler Luck Saved Him From Death in July - Bomb Conspiracy, Eyewitness Reveals
(Gontinued From: Page One)
render. His brother, Alfred, former chief of the joint general .staff of the army, navy and air force, was ore of Hitler's close advisers.) A large map covered an oblong table which occupied most of the room and faced three windows. Keitel stood at Hitler's left. AY his right stood Lt. Gen. Heusinger, who was deputizing for Col, Gen. Kurt
Zeitzler, chief of the general staff.
who was ill. A Col. Brandt, Heusinger’s .assistant, stood at Heusinger's right handing him papers while he reported on the military ‘situation. Other officers and officials stood around the table and along the walls, Stauffenberg Enters ~ ‘Buchholz said: “Heusinger had been giving his report for about five minutes when several officers entered the room late, headed by Col. Count Klaus von Stauffenberg. Hitler glanced over his shoulder but didn't recognize Stauffenberg immediately because he had attended the conferences. only a couple of times previously. “Keitel then introduced Stauffenberg as the man in charge of new formations.’ . Stauffenberg was charged with forming - Volksgrenadler divisions and had come to report on that. “Naturally at that time nothing seemed unusual or. suspicious "but later we recalled that Stauffenberg placed his briefcase next to the
solid horse - which supported the |
table at the end where Brandt was | standing. Brandt oObjected that
‘|walking. to his bunker ab
Hitler ut 75 meters "away. His S. 8. ¢hamberlain and Keitel wanted to help him but Hitler insisted on walking alone,” :
of the barracks dnd sa
Right- Arm Injured Buchholz said it later proved that Hitler suffered contusion of his right arm as a result ot the jar from the. table, upon which he was resting with both hands when the explosion océurred. :
sers were burned and torn, and his skin burned slightly. His hearing like everybody else’s was affected for sometime, especially the left eardrum: which never did recover completely. « “Then others came from the building,” Buchholz continued. “Some were slightly wounded, other wounded severely, It was difficult to recognize anybody. because everybody’s face was blackened from smoke and their hair singed a yellowish color, Some climbed through the windows, and two .persons were blasted right through the windows. “Jodl came running from tire building and ordered the guards to give the alarm and barricade all exits from the camp.” : Ambulances Arrive
“Then the first aid men and Hitler’s personal physician, Prof Morrell, arrived,” Buchholz went on. “Stretcher bearers came and carried out five or six wounded and more doctors and ambulances arrived.” “Strauffenberg had arranged to be called to the phone by .an .ac|complice,” the stenographer said. “The accomplice accompanied him
From the knees down his trou-
the briefcase wag in his way and|to headquarters and made the call moved it from where it had been | from another building. The switchplaced against the inside surface Doard operator said that Stauffen-
of the horse to the outer surface. “Although nobody paid any at-| tention to it at the time, we later recalled that Stauffenberg was called from the room to answer the telephone shortly after he put the briefcase under the table.” Terrific Explosion Buchholz said Heusinger continued giving his report until about | 12:45 p. m. : “Then there was a terrific ex-
settle disputes by peaceful methods in their early stages.
but another amendmént will made to the
plicit.) Quick Compromise
the original demands of the Latin American
{world organization. The issue even brought a split among American officials here.
Stettinius emphatically told a press conference that the United States! had come here to help create a “world organization” ‘and that
going to interfere with the. Success or prestige of such a world organization.
Stettinius lunched with the French | foreign minister, conferred with the nine leading Latin Americans, and
all within three hours. Two hours later he and Padilla were
Mr, Wells wrote.” “Information Interesting” “I am sure that you will agree | with me that this is a very informa-! tive report in that it tells those of | us who have operated cottonseed oil mills over a period of many years that our employees in our press rooms walk, stand, turn, reach, lift, carry, push, pull and can actually see, and also some interesting information as to working conditions, all of this information being very interesting. . . . “With the manpower shortage as it is, with industry particularly needing any kind of manpower help, | you will have to agree that such re(ports as this aid the’ situation enormously, What do you think about it?” Inquiry by Senator Eastland’'s office brought the information that the survey ‘was. made to learn whether a place could use a handi-
capped person—such. as a veteran
minus an arm or leg, “Why * didn’t you just ask the management how many places they could use such men?” was the next question, The answer was, “we never thought of that.”
| LABOR LEADER DIES CLEVELAND, May 16.-~Abraham Garment Workers Union and mili- |
He was 55.
made 4
and legal precedent are tying the, §
Director Thurman B. Rice ‘said to-!
a dearth |
feeders and an inergasy lus! been expected to keep its hands,
for packers off the city of Indianapdlis. . . % | effort haf alleviate the meat Much state Health legislation ex{cepts Indianapolis from their pro-|
Vinson program reportedly | visions,” i
Wied ia ow 5 He
said thé Indiana health de- |" revisions | partment could “take over” if con |
combat ron in he Fait, te Indians marine fo : . in Hooslerdom. They are {left to “Cox, Evansville; Pvt. Donald P. Dac 2348 Ranke wh. and back
international vice presi-| ‘His book is used dent of the International Ladies enemy planes were shot down.
American nations received the final, | text with general approval.
RIP BASES FOR
(Continued From Page One)
embattled island on the first day {of the. strike. Since then, handful of Japanese aircra appeared. The carrier-based assault was announced while detailed results of Monday's record Superfortress attack on Nagoya, Japan's biggest aircraft manufacturing center were awaited. Admiral Chester W. Nimitz indi-] cated the carrier raids were the heaviest on Japan since the March 18 battle of the inland sea,
10° Planes Lost i About 10 American planes were lost and ‘one major American fleet junit was damaged by |attacking Japanese planes. Radio Tokyo said .the task force turned south yesterday. The navy planes opened their at(tack Saturday night, bombing Ko(kubu, Konoya, Chiran and Kagoshima airfields on Kyushu. Twelve
“have
On Sunday and Monday, torpedo Helldiver bombers and | Corsair. and Hellcat fighters heavily | attacked 15 airfields on Kyushu and | Shikoku. = Tokyo said nearly 1000 planes attacked Sunday and 660 on Monday. They destroyed 71 planes and a | barrage balloon in the air and 93 {planes on the ground. An addi- | tional 108 were destroyed or dam- | |aged on the ground, Seventy-three more were attacked with machine- | {gun fire and rockets with ‘unobserved results. The island of Mindanao was ‘90 | per cent liberated but the mopping up brought some of the deadliest hand-to-hand fighting: of the Pi. | cific war around Davao City.~ Bayonet Battle | American troops. ‘slugged it out! with the Japanese with bayonets, | rifle butts and even fists in the high |
| 8rass fields between the Talomo and |
Davo rivers west of Davao ity. |
, Torrential rains slowed down the
\ fighting on Luzon where American, | forces were fighting toward pol
fla, northwest of Manila.
(This is im-| Buchholz. plied in the Dumbarton Oaks plan sheet of flame, and smoke filled arfanged—Stauffenberg immediatebe | the room.
so-called “peaceful {blown out and the end of the table ministry and reported that the assettlement” section making it ex-!to Hitler's right collapsed.
countries which had silence. sought to give the inter-American| | beiieve was Keitel's asking, ‘Where | new system complete autonomy from |is de fuehrer?’
|
The climax came yesterday when |
nothing—not even the much-cher- | ished inter-American system—was'
Events moved quickly after that.| with the Big Five representatives— |
announcing a settlement, | while a meeting of all the 20 Latin|
SUIGIDE PLANES
Only 35 enemy planes reached the |
only a!
|
counter- |
plosion like a thunderclap,” said! “There . was .a yellow
“The walls were partially |
“Bits of glass from windows and, lamps were blown around the
The new formula was far from room. The telephones were smashed.
“For some moments there was
“I myself climbed through a window and ran around to the front!
Then. I heard a voice 1]
{ Derg, after receiving the call, said {‘T must go to another barracks’ and left. ‘Talks Way Past Guards “Actually he hurried to the parking lot, waited for the explosion, and then drove to the airport with his accomplice. He talked his way | past the guards with the plea that | he was on an urgent mission to Berlin, “After his arrival in Berlin by special courier plane—which the {other conspirators obviously had
{ly went to a section of the war
sassination had been successfully carried out and the revolt could { begin, “Other conspirators, headed by Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben, who was to be-chief of the government, Gen. Erich Hoeppner and others telephoned Col. Emil Remer, commander of the Berlin guard. They ordered
him to swear allegiance to the new government and take over the gov-. ernment district, : © “But Remer ‘somehow Was: Sus. picious_and instead. hurried to Paul Joseph Goebbels for confirmation, Goebbels immediately telephoned the fuehrer's headquarters. and talked with Hitler himself. Hitler also talked. with . Remer to make sure he realized he still was alive. “Remer’s ‘troops then occupied the government district and the war minjstry and caught the conspira« tors. while Remer was taking over the building and others killed thems selves.” _ ; Buchholz sald it was definitely established two or three hours after ther explosion that Stauffenberg was the would-be assassin. It was bee lieved Stauffenberg thought the ate tempt had been successful because he probably did not know that
Brandt had switched the briefcase | to the other side of the table horse,
Pressure Released
Also Stauffenberg did not know | thag the thin-looking wooden bare ¥ racks had been reinforced by cone about three weeks before, | Therefore much of the pressure from | the blast found release in the space | between the wooden and concrete walls instead of being confined to |
crete
the room,
Police reported that the bomb ;
used by Stauffenberg was only an
explosive charge set in a putty-like | mass with a fuse, Buchholz said, *
Originally they thought there might
have been an infernal machine. be neath the floor, but the blast went |
downward through the floor and also tore a hole in the ceiling, Buchholz said at a ence that day Hitler revealed h
first thought of going through a | window, but did not because he § thought maybe the bomb had coms J
through a window and tHere migh be somebody waiting outside,
Hitler Shaken
“Hitler was shaken by the ate
tempt, especially over the fact such things were possible
circles,” Buchholz said. “For some-
time there had been rumors about | some sort of conspiracy, but the ate | tempt Itself was a complete surprise” § Bychholz said Hitler finished his §
day's work according to schedule
and ‘met Mussolini at the airport, @
when II Duce arrived for a pre viously scheduled visit. He said the casualties from the bombing included the “other stenoge rapher present,
who died the same afternoon,
Brandt and Gen. Guenther Korten, alr force chief of staff, died the
following day. Hitler's chief ade jutant, Maj. Gen. Rudolf Schmundt, died several weeks later. Heusinger was badly wounded, but he did nog
die.
Some of them’ were killed |
ways
later confer« §
in officers’
Heinrich Berger, |
RISK 10
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People B
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