Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 May 1945 — Page 17

America’s Comes in s 38 to 44.

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Hoosier Reporter

i ABOARD A CRUISER IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC (By Wireless) —Our task foree took five p prisoners on ‘its way, to Bonen, The Japs’ were [Borneo-bound foo.

We would have taken more, but two Japs on ‘one

raft blew themselves up as one of . our. destroyers approached. And five more Japs on two other rafts, who showed no disposition to surrender and who were in shoal water too shallow for a destroyér to enter, were killed by fire from a land-based plane we summoned. The prisoners were a Jap naval ‘physician; three pharmacists mates and a soldier, the latter slightly wounded from a recent American air attack on Bongao island of the Tawitawi group: The doctor said ey had all been trying to escape-from Bongao, but strong current threw their rafts off course. : Rear Adm. Russell 8 Berkey, the task force comhander, ordered the prisoners transferred from the destroyer to another of our cruisers. rough glasses as a line was rigged betweén the two ips—whfle they proceeded at their usual speed. The Japs crossed over, one by one, in a variation of the ireecheg-buoy method. ‘Capt. Jack Duncan graciously offered to send me #cross the same way to interview the prisoners, but I Hemurred on the ground I wasn't fluent in Japanese.

A Busy Day { MEANTIME ANQTHER DESTROYER, on which my friend Lt. Jack R. Howard, of New York and forjmerly of Indianapolis was stationed, overhauled two ailboats bu{ signaled that Sey contained friendly natives. | Weil our. taking the prisonets wasn't much of a naval engagement, but then sizable actions . have heen fought with fewer prisoners taken, so we dubbed it the battle of Tawitawi. The “battle” concluded a busy day. We ‘had an: r alarm in the morning, and I got a cracked shin

We watched

clamnariig through a scuttle, but the Planes turned out to be friendly. Then the chief engineer, Lt. Cmdr, George F. Jagla of Cotati, Cal, took the correspondents down to the engine rooms and fire rooms. It was a hot day even on deck. When we finally emerged from the ‘tour we were bathed in sweat and so limp it was all we ‘could do to stagger to el gedunk stand for life-saving ice cream. The temperatures below reach as high. as 140 degrees. Occasionally we. would pause in front of & blower bringing in coolish air, but between pauses it was rugged. We descended so far that at one time we were gazing upward at one of the Four massive shafts thati= drive sur propellers.

Sardines Under Glass

THE FUNNY thing is, Jagla said, that his machinisis, water-ténders, etc., would resent transfers to

other jobs on the ship. And he sald they didn’t like going on deck for an airing. They work four hours, then have eight off, and they spend most of the eight in bunks far below deck. And believe me, while sailors have many emenities

Whereas soldiers have the privacy of goldfish, sailors have the privacy of sardines under glass. They sleep in four- and five-tiered bunks tucked into every available cranny, no matter. how public. I'd as soon sleep next to a subway turnstile. Adm. Berkey reported the wounding of my friend Col. Bob Allen, in Germany, and my. thoughts went to his devoted wife, Ruth Finney, Washington correspondent of the Scripps-Howard Newspaper Alliance. The admiral is reading Ernie Pyle’s “Brave Men” " which he got for Christmas. After dinner Lt. Frank E. Taplin of Cleveland, Adm. Berkey's intelligence officer, played the piano,in the wardroom. “Tap” is a Princeton man. He is married to a New Zealander named Ngaio, the same

as Ngaio Marsh, the New Zealand “whodunit” writer. |

By Lee G- Miller :

. that soldiers lack, the soldiers have some advantages. |.

he” Ing ianapo

olis 3

‘Times

SECOND SECTION

‘By MALCOLM W. BINGAY Editorial Director, Detroit Free Press WHEN we landed at La Guardia airport we were surrounded by reporters. ‘The burden of their questioning was: . “How deep is the guilt of the German people?” This is the question. the delegation of American editors heard everywhere—wherever we went .in- Europe, in England, in Iceland. It is the question we have been asking barselves ever since that awful day when we had visited upon us the first gruesome im f the horrors of Buchenwald. The enormity of the problem will not permit a yes

or no answer to any phase of it. w » . . » w »

WHAT 1 here write is a synthesis of our own sometimes conflicting opinions—those of members of the American army, from Gen. Eisenhower down to G. l. Joe,

30 I finally learned how to pronounce the name. |

Just forget the “G" and say “Nigh-oh.” You neyer know what yuh find out in these tropical waters.

Inside Indianapolis By Lowell Nussbaum

HARRY W. KRAUSE, the clothier, stopped in ompson’s cafeteria on Washington near Pennsylania, yesterday morning. “While standing at the pounter he observed a little drama reminiscent of pre-war .48ys, A woman who had just received her order protested: “That's not what I ordered.” The employee behind the counter took one look, then replied: “Oh, I'm sorry. I beg your pardon.” Harry clutched the counter and held on until he got over the shock, he says. It's what you might call rapid reconversion. « «+ Victor Knarr, Noblesville, read the item about a seagull being seen on W. 34th st., and comments that seagulls aren't so unysual around here. Seagulls are fairly common, he says, on the ater company reservoir near Oaklandon—the state’s 1rd largest lake. (Largest are Maxinkuckee and Wawasee.) , And he’s right, Reports of Audubon ociety hikers show that seagulls have been seen at e reservoir frequently since last November. Ninety-

nine were spotted March 11, and 11 on April 8. The

gulls probably got tired of conditions on the Great akes and decided to get a change of scenery. It ould be nice if they'd take some Indianapolis pigeons with them when they return. ... Incidentally, Audubon society members observed a bald eagle at the reservoir Ywice--Feb, 25 and March 3.

They'll Try Anything -

THERE'S NOTHING that doting wives and parants won't send overseas to gladden their serviceman’s heart. Many strange articles have been shipped, inbluding mince pie, but, here's one that takes the cake. Sgt. Joe Fogle, in France with the 7th army, wrote home that he was sick of eating powdered eggs, but certainly would enjoy some good fresh eggs.- The request might stump some people, but not his family. His wife, Aletha, 4850 Hillside, went out and got a dozen of the freshest, non-fertile eggs availablz, dipped. them in waterglass to cof pores, placed them in an egg carton, cradl em in an overseas box with excelsior and m them. That was March . Sgt: Fogle has written back that the eggs. not

orld of Science

THE POST-WAR world will see a vast expansion in the number of chemical products derived from peoleum, J. H. Boyd Jr, of the Phillips Petroleum 0., predicts. l* Mr. Boyd points out that world war II has already femonstrated the possibilities of chemical manipulation of petroleum In addition to gasoline aviation fuels and lubricating oils, petroleum is making many important contributions to the war. These include butadiene and styrene for the manufacture of synthetic rubber and toluene for the production of TNT. In a report to the American Chemical society, Mr. Boyd points out that this chemical manipulation will apply also to natural gas and to so-called “natural gaso1 ne” The latter consists of liquid hydrocarbons like e lighter fractions in crude petroleum which condense at the casing heads of natural gas wells.

Mixtures of Hydrocarbons © PETROLEUM and these other materials are mix-

ures of hydrocarbons, that is, chemical compounds ©

© hydrogen and carbon. They range from the heav- ! st tars or asphalts in petroleum to: the lightest components of natural gas. i Their molecules differ from one another in the n per of carbon and- hydrogen atoms which they Originally the’ petroleum industry merely sorted

| EN YORK, Thursday. ~Removal of the curfew. and ‘the racimg ban, with the promise ajso that refloonversion will begin in, certain industries and that holders of “A” cards may get a little’ more gasoline . n the future, are naturally accepted by everyone as tangible proofs that part of the war burden is being eased. It must not’ make us feel for one minute, however, that the necessity for an all-out war effort is any less than it was before the

only arrived there (April 25) but there: wasn’t a one cracked--and they were delicious. Send more,” he requested. . . . The hit<run pedestrian story the other day produced a couple of similar instances. For instance, Ethel Moore, a Chamber of Commerce secretary, was walking across Washington at Meridian about 5 p. m. Tuesday, heading for the Russet. Just as she got across, a woman going the other way bumped into her, knocking her flat. The woman scowled at her and went on, leaving her sprawled on the sidewalk. -The worst of it was that in falling she scuffed the leather off one side of one of her new shoes. . . .. And an elderly person who forgot to sign his name said something similar happened to him 10 years ago as he came out of the old Clark & Cade drug store in the Claypool. In that case, it was a man who did thé bumping. The writer, whose arm was broken and his shoulder splintered, adds: “I am now a semi=invalid; ~T hope if that man reads this; he will sit up and take notice.”

Here's the Dope NOTE TO VICTORY gardeners: &f you're interested «in the best time to plant swee(’corn, here's the dope. Being a rank amateur at corn raising but an ardent admirer of the succulent roasting ear, I called the county agent’s office and asked C. J. Murphy what to do. Mr. Murphy tells me that to avoid the corn borer, the best time is to plant between May 20 and June'l. Corn planted during that period, he says, has a good chance of coming up and successfully passing through the critical period in between broods of the borer. Of course, adds Mr. Murphy, you don't get your money back if you follow this advice and aren't lucky. If you have plenty of land, he suggests, you might make weekly- plantings. That way, you'd have an even better chance of avoiding the borer. .. . A young sailor, John-DeClenente, 8. 2-c, here with the U, S. S. Helena band to play for the war pond kickoff rally, had the misfortune to lose his billifold in the Circle theater last night. It was a blue navy billifold and contajned all his savings—

- more than $170—various necessary papers and pic-

tures of his folks and his girl. If the finder has a soft spot in his heart. for servicemen, he can return the billfold to Seaman DeClenente at Hotel Severin. The sailor leaves tomorrow,

By David Dietz

them out by distillation, selling one fraction as gasoline, another as kerosene, a third as lubricating oll, ete. Then came “cracking,” by which heavy hydrocarhons were broken down into lighter ones. Today this

* is supplemented by chemical manipulation in which

one hydrocarbon ‘is converted into another and by polymerization, the very opposite of cracking. By it, light molecules are put together into heavy, giant molecules.

Simple Operation MR. BOYD points out that one of the simplest operations is to employ natural gas as a raw material for the obtaining of pure carbon or pure hydrogen. Carbon is obtained by burning natural gas against steel plates so that the combustion’ is incomplete. The result is a heavy deposit of carbon in the form of soot, known technically as “carbon black.” This finds many industrial uses, particularly in the printing industry and in the rubber industry. Pure hydrogen, obtained from natural gas, 1s used in making ammonia, Mr. Boyd says, while other petroleum fractions are employed in the manufacture of ethylene and acetylene. Compounds like ethylene and acetylene, which are the starting points for the manufacture of many important chemical products, are known technically as “intermediates.” Seventeen of them are now being made and shipped in commercial quantities, he says. Most of them go to meet the wartime needs of aviation, fuel and synthetic rubber, but many new uses loom in the post-war world. Plastics, synthetic fibers and similar products will find their starting point in petroleum, Mr. Boyd predicts,

from war correspondents and from civilians of all nations. » » » ~ » »

ON THE way home—flying high above the clouds, away from the heart-tearing agonies of man’s bestiality, his sacrifices, his. heroism, his spiritual exaltation—I pondered this question to myself. And 1 thought of the Painted Desert of Arizona, for reasons that at first were,not clear to me. Then the idea clicked. The sands of that Painted Desert are of many hues, brilliant greens, reds, vellows. But take any one grain of sand and look af it in the palm of your hand and you cannot tell by the naked eye what color it is.

cence of 80 million people. : “8 = x »

BUT THE great significant thing about the German picture is this:

ever having been a Nazi at heart. Big industrialists and merchants, craftsmen and lit-

but had to go along to save themselves from torture and imprisonment, or loss of business. The little people, the laborers and farmers, simply shrug their shoulders and say they did not understand. Throughout Germany the refrain is the same: “We did as we were told.”

"ALL THE time 1 was listening to ‘these alibis from scientists, scholars, manufacturers, merchants and the little people, 1 was seeing my own America—as though looking through one picture into another. 1 was seeing myself on that night at Baton Rouge when Governor Richard Lesche stood at the tomb of Huey Long, der fuehrer of Louisiana. And 1 was hearing him cynically jest about “the second Louisiana Purchase”—when the support of the Long machine went over to the New Deal after Long’s agsassination and all the income tax indictments against the

gang were quashed. 5 8 un '

. » » I WAS seeing myself sitting in the réstaurant of the Roosevelt hotel with Seymour Weiss, manager and owner of that place—one of the chief lieutenants of the Long gang. a He was explaining, ever so plausibly, the whole corrupt mess of the first Fascist state in America.

» » » » » » I WAS at Miami Beach watching the gaunt figure of Frank Hague—political boss of the once-sovereign state of New Jersey—lolling at his ease in his cabana at the famous Surf club. There he is accepted by respectable society because he has Plenty o foney and is willing to Spend | it.

boldly proclaims? “I am the law!” -

1 do not know. > » » » » . »

I WAS thinking, too, of other great bosses of municipalities who determine national elections—men of vast wealth and power who thrive not on any known_avenues of activity outside that of politics.

J ” a ¥ ". 8 4 I WAS thinking also of some of our great financial and industrial and mercantile leaders of America who are perfectly willing to play ball with these political corruptionists for just two reasons:

for favors granted.

TWO: They are fearful of Yeprisals unless they come though;

w - Co WAS. thinking also of the racketeers Who wormed their way into a few labor unions, Who waxed fat at the expense of the “little men” they exploited,

By Eleanor Roosevelt

. mendation of the American mission in New Delhi. Their first contributions came from -the big labor groups in this country and from Governor Richard Casey of Bengal, Now they must appeal to the people of this country to give month by month what they feel are the absolute necessities for the people of India. I hope that local community chests throughout our country will be asked to give grants out of their collections, ‘in this way representing the whole people of our communities. India seems very far away, but that sense of distance is just what we must somehow surmount in our thinking. Many of our men are fighting in India e home and tell us of the people

Who extorted vast sums from employers who were either equally corrupt in dealing with them or who were too rat-like to defy them. They lived like millionaires by proclaiming to the gullible that they were Tying for the working man against the rich.

AS 1 TALKED to the conimon people of Munich— birthplace of the madness—] was thinking of vast American corporations who had, with blinker-wearing zeal, financed oratorical prostitutes to vent. their spleen on all who did not believe in the status quo. Such was Hitler’s position in Germany after he first rose to power, by the might of his rabble rousing genius. He was financed by German industrialists and busi nessmen, by the Junker military caste, by the old monarchial party.

‘And by capital from business leaders of other ‘na-, | tions: England, France, the United States. Cartels know

)ne boundary lines or moral scruples.

ay| + Hitler, they said, was a fool and they could use him

as a tool.

The ashes of thet bodies mingle with that. of the: martyrs who died rather than give up the Pritieiples o

human Hoerty.

So it is when you attempt to assay the guilt or: inno- -

There is not a person in Europe today who will admit :

tle shop keepers—all explain that they hated the policies ;

WHAT 1S the moral philosophy of a stale boss who

ONE: They are willing to pay them sordid money. .

FRIDAY, MAY 11, 1945 'I FOUND IN THE HELL THAT ONCE WAS GERMANY—

‘My Own Beloved America Indicted

* (Malcolm Bingay, lorie director- of the Detroit Free - Press, return_from Europe as a member of the delegation of editors invited there by Gen. Eisenhower. J

' wrole this article after his

bership. of 5,100,000 (World Almanac) and dominated much of the political thought of America. There are men in high places today who gave the same excuse for joining it as the German civilians now give for Nazi membership—they thought it good business or good politics,

'n » 1 WAS thinking of the racial and yeRgious hatreds that are sweeping over America and which héive been

- growing in intensity—the hates upon which the Nazis fed

and grew so powerful that they destroyed a civilization. The hates which in their ultimate horror brought us —on Gen. Eisenhower's invitation—to the Abaddons of Buchenwald and Dachau, to see sights that normal human beings would not believe. Sights which slashed at our oyes—and ore’ at our hearts and Seared ou souls,

- YES, y found 5 the hell that once ee Germany an indictment of my own beloved America.

All the time | was listening to the slimy pretenses

of these German leaders that they had to go along, 1 was

thinking of American business and professional leaders |

whom 1 have heard say the same thing in many ways, that “they had to play ball.” And when I have heard these American men of success speak thus, I have asked myself, “Is money so precious?” - Now that 1 have séen the inexorable result of such a Philesephy. I hay e found an answer to my question.

‘NO, NOT IN all Germany. can hy find . man who will admit that he is a Nazi at heart ahy more than in America will you ever find ‘a man who admits he believes in the horrible doctrines of the Ku Klux Klan.

That, as I have said, is the big, the significant thing, about the present situation in Germany;

» " i 1 HAV E visited the beer gardens, the sub-basement hideouts, which saw the beginnings of the Nazi movement in Munich. The leaders of “The Party” were saloon brawlers, criminals, perverts, fanatics. They were the scum of Munich. Yet, by a combination of Ku Klux Klan bigotry and Al Capone gangster techniques, they conquered all Europe in have left-it a toiinent wide shambles,

FIFTY of Germany S leading ities Bave “been obliterated: From 20 to 50 million homeless people wander along the road ways, famished and diseased. -

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse sweep the face of the earth.

All because this iittle group of foul gangsters, graft- |

ers, murderers were not stopped.

tJ tJ " » » . AND THEY were no! stopped because the German people lacked the courage to defy their ultimatums. ‘The racketeers “or else—,” so familiar to Americans, worked much more efficiently in Germany. "Here, since the days of Frederick thé Great, the

German people have been bred to obey the discipline of

their masters, never to think for themselves. Bismarck made of that peculiar, maddening doellity a national Teligion of law and order from on high. » AND "so it is that there are no countered Nazis in Germany. © \ They know in their heart of hearts that the entire Nazi philosophy was spawned in hell. They must! But

they accepted it—those who were not Sjaughtered or im-’

prisoned or who escaped,. :

There was no ideal, no principle, no spiritual moti‘vation.

That is why there is no record of any Nazi today proudly proclaiming his faith—as heroic men have done since time began, going to their death gladly to stand by the eternal imponderable vaiues of life to inspire other generations unto elernity: » THE STORY of ‘the rise of naziism in Germany is

the story of a people who lest their moral sense in seeking security.

It is the story of the world today. It is the story of the horrid appeasement at Munich

when the gangsters were paid off with the lives of the little people of Czechoslovakia.

The crime of Lidice is not alone on the soul of Germany.

It is the story of America wherever men think more of profits and political preferment and comfort than they

do of the souls God gave them to separate them from Lhe animals, w make them free.

THE "ONLY difference between what happened in Germany and what could happen in America is: “THAT the Germans, for countless generations, have. learned to obey while we have not. pr THAT "Germany had 80 million people crowded into an area smaller than Texsa. THAT fhe Nazis could apply the Huey Long-Al Capone methods, while the vastness of America precludes such efficiency in destroying all opposition, » ” . YES, the German people are guilty of SOLE het souls to a criminal system because it gave them what they thought was prosperity and security—as long as they obeyed. But to what degree can we of America free ourselves of just such guilt? Have we not, too, been facing down the road to hell- lured by the mirage of personal prosperity and security? The cynical Huey Long once cracked that fascism would take over Amica, Li ¥ would have to be called snti-fasciam.

1 HAVE too deep.and too profound a faith in” America and the ideals that are planted in the very marrow of our bones ever to belleve that we, too, will drift without any sense of moral responsibility

‘ag did the Germans until we are

Bui it 18 going fo take more than pious platitudes. to save us THERE ‘Tnust be a reblrth of . reatizat

in Dunn & Bradstreet, » It must come from the mind and Heart and soul of the individual citizen.

consclence—a that sue cannot be determined ithe by, th yal ester or rag .

PAGE IT Tomorrow's Jo Vinson Gives Clear Preview

Of Phase Two

By EDWARD A. EVANS WASHINGTON, May -11.—War lobilizer Vinson has given tue country a clear and generally reassuring preview of the vars

"phase two-—a sizeup of lhe job .of crushing

Japan, of what it will take to finish* that job, and of what can be done to make ready for . post-war prosperity and high = employment. Like any forecast, this * one is subject to error. - Final victory may come later than we hope or sooner than we expect. Mr. Vinson assumes, as he should, that the task ahead will be long and hard. He asserts, rightly, that winning the war must nave absolute: priority. And he promises, properly, that home-front reconversion will go forward as rapidly as. the needs of war permit,

n ” os - HIS IMMEDIATE lifting of the midnight curfew and the horseracing ban made headline news. The real ficance is that it marks a turn away from “hair~ shirt” thinking in government— the sort of thinking that would compel civilians-to live austerly, whether or no austerity helps the

1 war effort.

The American people will put up cheerfully with shortages, hardships, real sacrifices, rationing and other government corntrols—all of which Mr. Vinson says must conlinge in some degree until the Japs surrender—as long as they understand their” reason and necessity. His report explains the whys and wherefores frankly and, for the most part, convincingly. And it recognizes that the economic controls are “irksome” measures,

adopted in emergency, which

should pass with the emergency. = » . AS TO HOW the controls should be applied from now on there will be different opinions. Both prices and wages must be stabilized so long as short supply of civilian goods presents the dangers of an

inflationary spiral,’

Yel it seems that certain wage increases, for instance, to war workers who stick to their jobs instead of jumping to employment with a better future, may be deserved and desirable. And an attempt to clamp tight price ceilings on newly-manufac-tured goods, without due allowance for increased costs, could so discourage production that longcontinued shortages would compel inflation and disastrous une employment. w » . LIKEWISE as to taxes. Mr.

* Vinson is correct in saying that

any general tax reduction must await the defeat of Japan.

But if the Japs should cave in

. Vinson expects to _be in the isi year. So a new tax bill, designed to encourage sound expansion of business ¥nd industry, should be completed promptly and held ready to go into Immediate effect.

We, the Women

Housewives Must Break | Black Market

By RUTH MILLETT OPA 1S HAVING a tough time trying to break the black market In meat because of the difficulty

of getting housewives to testify

against - butchers. In New York, for instance, 95 per cent of the cases against retailers that OPA have brought to war } emergency court have been backed up by testi-

their

* mony from a

paid inspector. Obviously, paid Inspectors can't begin to get the goods on a the black marketers. * = IT DOESN'T matter how many complaints OPA g#ts about a

-dealer’s selling abova ceiling price.

Nothing can be done unless the