Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 May 1945 — Page 3
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“TUESDAY, MAY 8, 1045 _ - Surrender Evewiinesss
"(Continued From Page One)
man armed forces on land, sea and
in the air.
The - surrender is effective one minute after midnight Wednesday, * British double summer time (5:01 p. m. Tuesday Indianapolis, time). "A high officer said almost all firfng had ceased on the remaining
fronts. Five ‘Minuets to Sign
The actual signing took five minutes. There are four copies of the - surrender document, and in ‘addition the naval disarmament order, which - was signed by Adm. Sir Harold Bur-
roughs, allied naval chief.
Immediately after signing the las! document with a bold “Jodl,” the Nazi arose, bowed and in a broken | voice pleaded for generosity ‘for the German people, the German armed who he said “both have|= * achieved and suffered more perhaps than any other people in the’ world.” Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, smiljus, A yaine, man representatives were brought Marshal Sir Arthur Tedder, beside
him. In a three-minute siaternent later
for newsreels he hailed the German "surrender as the conclusion of the plan reached by President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill at Casablanca 1p 1942—uncondi-
tional surrender “Fittingly in France”
“We have defeated Germany on land, sea and in the air,” Eisenhower said. He added that the peace was . fittingly. signed in France, a country which suffered: so much at the
hands of Germany and whose liberation started on D-day, just 11 months ago yesterday (Sunday). Eisenhower did not attend the actual signing. THat was carried out by generals of America, Russia, England ang France on his behalf
After signing the last- sheet Jodl |
arose and gen. Adm. Hans Georg Friedeburg and Jodl's aid, Maj. Wilhelm Oxinius, jumped up with: him.
Lt. Gen. Walter Bedell. Smith of |
Indianapolis, who signed for AngloAmerican forces as SHAEF chief of staff, asked Jodl to meet him at 10
: ., > m.=Monday morning to arrange
for German liaison officers to carry ut the surrender and disarmament orders.
Asks “Generosity” Jodl stood with eyes half shut {6aning slightly forward, and said in English, “I want to say a few words.” Then he spoke rapidly in German in a voice which seemed on the “point of cracking once qr twice: “General, with this signature the German people and the German armed forces are for the better or worse delivered into the victors’ hands, “In this ‘war which has lasted
more than five years both have
achieved more and suffered. more perhaps than any other people in the world. “I express hope the victor will treat them with generosity.” Ten minutes later he was presented before the supreme commander. Eisenhower stood very grim at his desk in his cubbyhole office and asked if Jodl understood the terms he would carry out.
Jodl Trips
Jodl muttered “Yes” to Maj. Gen, K. W. D: Strong, SHAEF intelligence officer who was the interpreter, The Germans’ heels clicked and they strode out, Jodl tripping on a camera floodlight cable. The war was ended at a blacktopped table 20 by 6 feet, bathed in floodlights which heated the tiny “war room” almost. insufferably. ’ Some 60 spectators, including 16 correspondents representing world news agencies, radio networks, newsreels and still pictures and sound and recording technicians of the signal - corps -officers, charged with recording the scene on film and to record it for posterity, gathered shortly before 2 a. m.
A Short Wait
The representatives strolled in and seated themselves. at place-; marked seats at 2:29. The presiding| general Smith, eritered the room at | 2:29. Then there was a short wait.| Everyone smiled a little nervously | and ldoked around the map-lined walls showing the progress of the | war up to- May 6 and casualties up | to April 30.
At 2:39 the three Germans en=| tered, Jodl in the lead, followed by!
Friedeburg and then Oxinius. Jodl and Oxinius wore dress green with a darker green collar, wide red stripes on flared breeches over black leather boots. Friedeburg wore a dark blue naval uniform, Jodl cHcked his heels to Smith. There was no saluting. The three Germans sat down with their backs to the correspondents. They faced these allted officers from left to right. Lt: Gen, Sir Frederick E. Morgan, deputy chief of staff; Gen. Francois Bevez, representing the French chief of staff, Gen. Alphonse-Pierre Juin. Adm, Sir Harold M., Burroughs, allied naval chief; Lt. Gen. Smith, presiding; Gen. Ivan Susloparoff, for the’ Soviet Union; Gen, Carl Spaatz, commanding the U. 8. strategic airforce; Air Marshal Sir J. M. Robb, chief of the air staff of SHAEF; Maj. Gen, H. R. Bull, assistant chief of staff G-3, SHAEF, and Col. Zenkovitch, aid to Susloparoft, Susloparoff smiled frequently during thé ceremony and repeatedly consulted the interpreter at his shoulder, Afterward in Eisenhower's office he and Ike laughed and em-
- braced and congratulated one an-
other. Consults Interpreter
8mith signed for the British and | passing * the surrender from the Frenchman on his right to Jodl was the last to sign. . Jodl, pale-faced, started straight ahead as he strode out. Friedeburg and Cxinius logked completely cowed. The scene of the surrender was a classroom of Reims’ Ecole Pro-
, fessionelle, co-educational technical
school. The Germans had used it as supreme headquarters during
their Septic and _ Eisenhower They wesy Pies. Jack Arnold
* “a
:| Gen, Smith,
(made it his staff forward post since moving. from Versailles several months ago. The enlisted personnel of SHAEF clustered in the - quadrangle or hung . on staircases far removed from the conference room, hoping for a glimpse of the negotiations.
" Cold and Military
Only * the atmosphere of. .cold military punctilliousness across the conference table .was there to remind one .of the Compeigne railroad car awhere war I armistice was sigried. There also was the fact that, as at Compeigne, negotiations were delayed by question of the authority of the delegation to sign. Negotiations .began last Wednesday evening when Friedeburg, who succeeded Doenitz as congmander-in-chief of the German navy when Doenitz became fuehrer, surrend‘ered the northern armies, exclusive of Norway, to Field Marsh Sir Bernard L. Montgomery. Friedeburg and the other Ger-
to Reims Saturday. Their plane was grounded at Brussels and they completed the trip by automobile. The people of Reims saw the limousines speed through the streets and whispered that hig things were afoot. They stood grinning: hopefully along the curbs as the motorcade of bestarred staff cars whisked our party of correspondents, represent ing world news agencies and radio networks, from the airport to L’Ecole Professioneile. An unofficial reception : committee of scores of soldiers of the SHAEF garrison was at the gate when the Germans arrived. First Meeting Saturday
Friedeburg, who c¢omplained ‘he had had little sleep during the last 10 days and who slept most of the way in the plane and limousine, |asked for a chance to wash up when he exchanged standard military salutes with Brig. Gen. E. J, Foord, chief of 8. H. A. E. F. operational intelligence, and Lt. Col. K. A. 8S. Morrice, assistant secretary general of staff. “The admiral hummed softly while washing but “his : aid, Col. Pritz Poleck, appeared nervqus. The first meeting took place at 5:20 o'clock Saturday. * Friedeburg snapped to attention but did not salute as he entered the office of
Present, in" “addition to Smith, were Maj. K. W' D. 8trong, G-2 supreme headquarters; Gen. Carl Spaatz, commanding general of U. 8. 8. T. A. F.;. Adm. Sir Harold M. Burroughs, commander of allied naval forces; Maj. Gen. H. R. Bull,
Sir J. M. Rabb, chief of air staff: Capt. Harry C. Butcher, naval aid to Eisenhower; Col. R. G. 8. Philimore, who drafted the surrender terms, and Maj. Ruth M. Briggs of the WAC, secretary chief of staff. That rheeting lasted 20 minutes— long enough to reveal that PFriédeburg did not have authority to lay surrender on the line. Smith demanded - his credentials to commit’ Doenitz. Priedeburg was willing, but he did net have the proper credentials. Given Written Terms Smith therefore gave the admiral the written terms, summarized as follows: First, unconditional ~stitvender: second, all forces to remain in their present positions; -third, all air and sea craft should not be allowed to scatter from their present stations:
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wehrmacht must guarantee to forward and enforce the execution of all orders by the allied commands. Friedeburg tried to compromise; he complained many German soldiers might be killed by the Russians unless allowed to surrender direttly to the allies in the west, Smith gave the suggestion no consideration. He declared the allies were not prepared to discuss any-
the allies of the east and west, Code Dispatches Sent
assistant chief of staff; Air Marshal
fourth, the high command of the ?
thing but simultaneous surrender to!
Lescorts dined on tomato juice; “ork | German border by the ‘ehd of the ican war department.
‘THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES - I rn
German Chief of Few Signs at Block Topped Table The Tries Ov er Corre Cable’:
of Lancaster, Pa.; Charles Trautner Later they had martinis_and. Pfc.{ of Oakland, Cal.; Joseph Fink of | Bennett presented some biscuits she |’ Detroit; Prederick Stone of Pitts- | had received in -a Pagkage from burgh; Clifford Cleland of > Platts- | home. burg, N. Y., and Elmer L, Cole of Little Falls, N. J.
WAC Pfc. Joyce Bennett of New |tion diring the evening and Smith|person of Gen. Gustav Jodl—the networks of the world, which had York City, former secretary to the conferred with Eisenhower. = (man with the credentials—the man|been flown from Paris to Reims, manager of the Windemere hotel,| Sunday morning dawned full -of with power -to lay surfender on the | arrived 10 minutes after Jodi. They New York City, was manager of the|portent—just 11 months to the day | line. fwaited in the main hall of -the house. . le after Normandy D-day. Eisenhower | Jodl was: the new chief of staff|Map-lined conference room. The Germans asked for soap soon had told the correspondents re- succeeding Col. Gen. Heinz Guder- Newsmen .Briefed { were climbing in the plane after their arrival. At. 10:45 p. m.|cently his original plans in Eng-|ian and chief of operations OKW| Details of what had gone on] the two Germans and their allied | land envisaged possibly reaching the | which- is equivalent to, the Amer-|'were given the news representatives | ing for “the biggest story in a war| ‘He was ace [by two public relations department | correspondent’s life = the peace | chops, mashed potatoes, carrots and | 12th month after D- day. | companied by his personal aide, {officers who Had been the official story.” peas, fruit, coffee and red wine. Nothing like this had: been fore- Maj. Wilhelm Oxinius. : reporters -at the first negotiations. | They ate with the relish of those seen, but. it was here; and only a who had not been eating that kind |rump fragment of the German army | plane door ,and saluted, Jodl re-|thews, of rations for a long time and com- remained: outside of the ‘allied turned the salute stiffly and un- the Buffalo Courier Express, and |len said. mented on “that fine linen” on the | prison pens or graves. table, indicating the owner of the] house must be “very rich.”
‘Stars’ and Stripes” and American | tunity picture “magazines. ushered into the showdown confer- | At precisely 5:08 p. 'm. Sunday ence which. began at. 6:15 p. m, Prime Minister Churchill tele-|the reply arrived at Reims airport
| important out-of-town assignment, |
abdlird a Douglas D-47 by Brig. Gen. JFrank Allen Jr., of Cleveland, direc- | torof the SS H A. E PF, Jress rela- | tions department. -
The day passed in eager waite tthe staff .car,
Ho of the London Daily Tele- {laugh at the expense of British Col | mg for Doenitz to reply.
The Ger-| The car arrived at the school at graph.
mans listened to the radio or reads: 30. Jodi was’ given an oppar- The correspondents had. been ard Merrick of. Chicago, Chilef a H
to - wash and then was| summoned from the Scribe hotel on|A. E. F, censors who were present 15 minutes ndtice for an ungevealed, | Without ble pencils.
The pasty of. sorrespondents rep- | wi isk field { phoned several times for informa- in an allied military plane in the resenting” the news agencies dy Ryo (1S mn alia and brisied LAY PLANS TO BRING :
‘COMBAT TROOPS HOME
LONDON, eMay 8 :(U. P.).—The re-deployment and return of AmerAllen shouted above the roar of|ican combat troops to the United | the engines as the correspondents! States by air will be undegtaken on {a major scale within the hext few Now came the long hours of wait-| montis, it was disclosed officially Earl ‘8B. Hoag, com~ | mander of the European division of
“This will be vour first uncen-ithe U. 8. air transport command,
Foord stepped. forward to the | They were Lt. Col. Burroughs Mat- ‘sored. story when the surrender is| said ‘his organization expects ‘to former managing editor of completed censorship goes off,” Al-| quadruple :
tur operation of fourI Smilingly and walked arrogantly to Col. 8. R. Pawley, former news! The correspondents “enjoyed a | cngined ‘transport planes to carry |
{out its part of the redeployment | George Warren | and Tt Col. Rich! program.
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5
STRAUSSiSAYS:, PRE ONE DAY. NEARER VICTORY"
Friedeburg asked ahout the Ger-| man civilian population which he] said might suffer hardships. Smith, { replied - that: the German people { were enemies of the allies until sur- | | render: after that, he said, we would | joe guided by the dictates of hui. nity. bur and Polek then cout] {the terms to an effice and mulled] them over “while washing down! sandwiches with whisky: Washing-| ton, Moscow and London were given code dispatches by Eisenhower on the progress of the negotiations. Eisenhower said Friedeburg had offered surrender, if he could get | the necessary authority, and had {been urged to seek authorization from the. German government. The German government throughout these negotiations presumably was Doenitz, Not one word was said of Heinrich Himmler, the selfproclaimed successor to Hitler as fuerhrer whose whereabouts are a mystery. Major General of Artillery Ivan Suspolaroff, Russian representative especially empowered by Premier Josef Stalin to represent Russia, waited in the war room for decisions with his aide, Col. Ivan Zenkovitch. Saturday night Friedeburg sent a message to,Doenitz via the British 2d army for forwarding to. Doenitz by courier through the confused northern lines. ‘ Friedeburg said he -had two proposals from SHAEF: First, that he be empowered to surrender all theaters, and alternately, Doenitz send his chief of staff and commander-in-chief of the army, navy and air forces with the necessary authority, Friedeburg peinted out the new government would be charged with the guilt of continuance of hostilities unless it quit. If it could net send an authorized emmisary he {urged it to dispatch him written au- | thority at once, | The Germans then were escorted {to their billet at 7 Rook Holise; 3 Rue Godinit, Reims, normally used for visiting officers. They were accompanied hy Lt. Col. the Viscount Bury, Maj. F. J. Lawrence and Lt. George Reinhardt of New York City, official interpreter attached to SHAEF, who remained with them throughout the night. Three teams of M. Ps guarded
(e praise Thee, ® God! THe proclaim Thee as the Lord. Thee, Eternal Father, all the earth doth worship. To Thee all the angels, to Thee the heavens and all the potvers, | To Thee the cherubim and sevaphim with unceasing voice do cry: Holy, holy, holy, the Lord God of Hosts, full ave the beabens and the earth of the majesty of Thy Slot.
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L. STRAUSS § COMPANY - “INDIANAPOLIS THE HEART OF THE USA”
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