Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 7 May 1945 — Page 4
ane Indianapolis Times|
Monday, May 7, 1945
WALTER LECKRONE ~~ HENRY W. MANZ Editor ‘ or Business Manager
(A: SCRIPPS- HOWARD NEWSPAPER)
PAGE. 4 ROY W. HOWARD President
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THE DAWN OF PEACE After dreams of horror, comes again The welcome morning with its rays of peace. FO words, on this day of glad tidings. can have the - eloquence and feeling to express the rejoicing that fills the hearts of Americans everywhere today, We ‘shall not -try—the faces of those about us, of the throngs un the . streets, of the groups gathered in churches and homes to join in fervent prayers of thanksgiving tell that story more surely than we could ever do. “After dreams of horror” , . years of death and destruction, after days of heartache and
nights of tears, after separation, and hardship, and waiting, and toil . ... “comes again the welcome morning with its rays
of peace.” » .
» GERMANY HAS been defeated. - The foe that twice within a lifetime struck out for world dominion has been beaten back by the armies of freedom. Hitler's empire has fallen. The name that struck terror “inte-the hearts of men, the name that became a synonym for oppression, ‘persecution and violence; the name that
drugged a misguided people to Babel dreams of glory is now but a namet: ts menace is gone, its power shattered, its pride and arrogance reduced fo : Toh Only its memory remains, a by-word and a hissing, as a lesson to those who F would rule the earth by fire and sword. Our cause was just, and we triumphed. We triumphed, with the help of Almighty God, because our young men were willing to die that other men might live; because our: unnamed and unnumbered citizens toiled ceaselessly and offered their substance that the world might be free; because our women gave their sons that the last best hope of humanity should not perish from the earth. We triumphed because other nations, too, lov ed freedom and fought our battle with us and for us—some at a cost far __greater than our own. We triumphed because we were
strong, an and we were strong because we were free. a
THIS IS . proud day, a Faroe “day. But, host of all, it is a solemn day. In our rejoicing, we must not forget that there are those who did not wake to see this welcome morning. They sleep on the plains of Normandy, in the reddened sand of Tarawa, on the deserts of Africa, or beneath the rolling seas—the sons of our towns, and farms, and cities. Theirs is this victory, ours the debt, and ours the responsibility. Over their white crosses and their unmarked graves, today, the heart of a triumphant nation broods. Over their | broken bodies, gone to dust, breathes the spirit of that great apostle of liberty who said: “It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so mobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining .before us—that from these honored dead we take incieased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain. ...” For them, we must press on until all the forces against which they fought are crushed. For them, we must win the peace as they have won the war. » For them, we must finish the job. For them, we must make peace on earth and good will among men a living reality for all time. “them, we must say, “It must not be again,” and. this time make it true—for them,” and their children, and their children’s children. :
. after more than three
$5 a year; all other states, |
Sa hls
NR TOL Rey
Norway | Resists Germans, Is Conquered in 30 Days
ay PEE ! ¥ PR
. Airborne Troops Take Crete in 11 Days
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Holland Taken in 4 Days © $ London Survives Air r Blits, Fights on
On Sept. 1, 1939, world war II broke out in Europe when tanks, troops, and planes of the mighty German war machine crossed the Polish border, Two days later, in ‘an attempt to stop Hitler from dominating Europe, Britain and France entered the struggle. But within the-month, Poland was overrun and partitioned between Germany and Russia, and the world had had its first taste
of a blitekrieg. When Russia attacked Finland, the U. S. proclaimed neutrality and repealed the arms embargo, and U-boat warfare began in the Atlantic. On April 9, 1940, the theater of action suddenly swung to Scandinavia. Naz troops, warships, parachutists, fifth columnists took Denmark and Norway. On May 10, the Germans over whelthed the Low Countries in three weeks.
.. Penetrating deeply into Northern France, the
German army forced the British Expeditionary force “into a costly . evacuation of Flanders, but muffed the ¢hance to invade helpless England. Routing the disorganized French. army, Germany Epos a-vie Ys armistice upon France on June + 1940, and joined Germany's war. Air ou A toa tremendous pitch, and Lon-
don dug in and hung on, to survive the Battle of Britain. Hungary, Rumania and Bulgaria joined the” axis, The strengthened Germany invaded Yugoslavia and Greece on April 6, 1941, and began to chase the British {in North Africa. On May 20, airborne Nazi troops overran Crete in 11 days. In the Western Hemisphere, the U, S. began to wake
—-equipped Red army fell back. before the tank-led
| with their fuehrer’s ambition to rule the world, smashed | into helpless Poland.
For |
Arom the sleep of isolationism, broke with the axis,
Nazis Invade Russia, Occupy Ukraine The confident German war lords invaded Russia on June 22, 1941, and the unprepared, illrest and sabotage Nazi offensive, Advancing deep into the Ukraine, the Nazis severed the Crimean peninsula; slashed toward rich Soviet oil fields, but were stopped at the gates of Moscow and Leningrad. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor gave Germany a new. and power-
failed, and down reversed its field
Russians Counter-Attack, Rout Nasis
ful enemy, the United States, and in January, 1942, the first American troops arrived in Ireland. Un-
In June, American fliers joined the R. A. P's pounding of Europe. Taking the Caucasus, the Nazis drove against Stalingrad in October,
D- Day: Allied Troops Invade Normandy, Ove Western Front, Liberate France and Invade Germany.
U. S. Yandings in North Africa on Nov. 7, 1942, Tunis and Bizerte fell, just 181 days after the first marked the “end of the beginning” of the war allied landings. Germans were kicked out of Sicily, ~—ggainst-Naziism. As Germany moved -into-unoccu=—— Sardinia; pushed back in Italy, The allies took pied France, French patriots scuttled 40 of their Rome. Then came the great allied invasion of _ warships at Toulon; At Stalingrad and Leningrad, northern France on June 6, 1944. Shortly afterstrengthened Soviet soldiers began pushing back ward, Russia began its squeeze from the east. The the invaders. The British retook Tripoli, and allied Germans were caught in a vise and it was just troops opened the Tunisian Ofiensive, May 17, 1943, question of time until their doom was ‘sealed.
began in Nazi-occupied countries. -
but in - Egypt, the British 8th army across North Africa.
World War II Opened With Smash Into Poland
The crushing of German's armed might was the closing chapter in the European phase of world war B On Friday, Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler's fanatical troops, fired
Two days later, at 11 a. m.—the same fateful hour the first world war had ended—the-tired voice of Neville Chamberlain announced to the world that Great Britain would abide by her pledge to the Polish government. A reluctant France followed suit. The war that was to engulf 46 nations and sweep across three continents and countless islands had started. PE Introduction of the Blitzkrieg The allies were tragically unprepared. Forewarned by | the Nazi army “practice” in Spain, the gobbling up. of | Austria, Czechoslovakia and Memel in ominous succession, | [they had substituted appeasement for preparedness. The Nazi's new blitzkrieg—lightning war that later | boomeranged—had. destroyed all concepts of war as the,
» EJ . » n » THE BIG JOB is done, the hard job remiins. This is the dawn of peace, but it is not peace. A strong, relentless | enemy still remains to be conquered. ~ We cannot allow this great victory to obscure the fact that it is not a complete victory, and it is for that we fight. « we are stronger—unléss we allow our succesy to weaken us, as adversity could not. We must not -do that, we dare ‘not. . The whole world must be made free—free of the
With one enemy beaten, |
| allies knew it.. With a speed that astonished the world, Her-| mann Goering’s bombing fleets paced armored columns that sliced up Poland from five directions, guided by fifth columnists placed in strategic centers-many months in advance. | Even the Germans were surprised by their quick sue cess. The Russians—Germany and Russia had signed a non-| aggression pact. in 1936—rolied across the Polish border, from the east. On Sept. 27 Warsaw fell. Germany and Russia divided Poland.
cruelty of Japan, as it has been made free this day from |
, the tyranny of Nazi Germany: And then, we must be wise, as we have been: strong. For peace has its victories, too, and without those victories —over ourselves, over deep-rooted selfishness, prejudice and narrowness-—there can be no peace, ‘- The words of -Isaiah have come to pass. judged among the nations, has péoples. But when, and the battle flags are furled “in the parliament of man, the | ~ federation of the world,” it shall be for us to fulfill the rest of the age-old dream that:
and he rebuked many
their spears. into pruning Vigskia: ‘Nat ion shall “riot lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.” God grant it may be so.
It Will Take Another Year To Beat Japs, Experts Believe
| WASHINGTON (U. P).—The| 4. The teed for. time to train best military opinion ‘is that it) British and American forces, parprobably will take at least another | 'Cularly sea and air, for. the kind your to beat the Japanese into-final 9
This view 1 based on ed fac. 10 changed combat conditions. 1 The immediate lack of sum} land masses in the Pacific against - Japan, in the pin a AR 1s Soviet Russia.- 1 land, . | —- hy ;
t problem of- shift- PLAN PITCH- IN DINNER
‘2. The ing men, supplies and equipment | ‘Eleventh district Past Matrons | the Buropean to thie Pacific and Patrqns of 1026-27, O. E. 8]
7
Wednesday at the home o ‘Bleistein, 852
God has, |
at last, the war-drum throbs no longer |
\ joint operations needed in the : 'PacTfic and the retraining of Amer-| the Maginot line had beer. flanked. King Leopold surrendAdcan troops traniferred from Europe |
The one factor that might’ bring to a speedier conclusion the war rannihilation. experts’ | hastily recruited from England's coastal towns and villages
Cr Dunkerque. :
Brand It a ‘Sitzkrieg’ Hitler shifted his weight to the west but during one of Burope’s coldest winters, thé opposing armies huddled and| looked at each other from behind their Maginot and Sieg- | fried fortifications. Allied commentators dubbed it the “sitzkrieg.”” The German high command used the lull to forge the last chinks iin the Wehrmacht's armor. Meanwhile Russia had conquered Finland and won pro- | tective. bases—the. ports of Viipuri ang Hangoe and the lentire Karelian isthmus.
“protect” Denmark and Norway, invaded the two neutral | countries. : ! Denmark capitulated. Norway declared war. A British expeditionary force landed in Norway but. was beaten back into the sea by the Nazis. The fall of Norway sealed the downfall of the Chamberlain regime. Winston Churchill became prime minister on May 10, 1040. His first task was a stern one; that morning (serman panzer divisions rolled into Holland and Belgium.
Dutch Yield in Four Days
The Duteh army gavé up in four days. drove through Belgium to the English Channel.
The Germans .By May 23
ered the Belgian army. | The. remaining allied divisions were trapped and faced rescued nearly 400,000 British and French soldiers from
It was then that the Gernians “missed the bia” land lay ripe for invasion across a '21-mile strait, The Brit-
ra bust E whieh ay oon ectpume wil) meet for a spitch-in dinner’ a ish. army, forced to leave its heavy equipment on. the con-
| net was tired and disorganized. wild
hove Ko wha qi in th Geman
| Marshal Henri Petain, once toasted as the hero of Verdun, asked for terms of surrender.
mind halted their armies at the channel and turned them Sicily. ~Mussolini resigned in favor of” Marshal ‘Badoglie. south upon France.
The conquest of Sicily was completed in August, 1943. In September, 1943, Italy surrendered. Meanwhile the Germans had launched a terrific U-boat assault to stem the flow of America’s now bulging supply - lines. By November, 1942, shipping losses were exceeding the combined replacement capacity of the allies. Then in May, 1943, the break came, and the scales tipped in favor of the allies. At the time there was no official explanation. Later the genéral facts leaked out. What had happened was that the allied commands, par-
The Nazis rolled into Paris on June 14. Three days later|
Britain Only Obstacle to Victory With Frahce shattered and the rest of western Europe brought to its knees, only the island of Britain stood between Hitler and final victory in ‘the early.summer of 1940. Then came the “Battle of Britain” and the si point
in the western war : : . ticularly the U. S. navy, quietly had developed highly secret, From August, 1940, until May, 1941, more than 30 000 vastly improved anti-submarine techniques. These tech-
persons were killed by bombs until finally England. gained | niques, it appeared, comprised a number of closely syn (control of the skies. chronized measures. By use of radar and night= fighters, the Nazi luftwaffe =n : - . Tightly-knit convoys and dozens of small aircraft carwas whipped and the royal air force, gaiming rapidly "riers were involved, along with new destroyer-escorts, fast
striking power, began reprisal raids. = “Never” said Churchill “4h a tribute to the R. AF. snotigh to catch the submarines and heavily enough gunned (to destroy them.
pilots, “have so many owed so much to.so few.” _ Had Britain fallen, an expeditionary from the United Pre-Invasion Offensive Opens States and Canada would have been confronted with the Radar played a significant role. There was a long|almost” impossible job of recovering Europe by attacking. ange aerial patrol. From May to August, 1943, more than
across the Atlantic. Now, with Britain still standing, the| 4000 allied vessels crossed the Atlantic with a total of loss of {allies-had an advance base.
On April 9, 1940, ie GOTITATS; proclaiming-s- desire. tor
But. a vast nondescript relief fleet of vessels| axis line at El Alamein, inthe beginning of the drive which |
3y the spring of 1941 the Nazi-machine had gobbled up Greece, Yugoslavia and Crete. Germany was joined in +the axis by Slovakia, Hungary and Romania. Russia’s resources looked tempting. In June, 1941, Hitler turned the whole tremendous weight of his war machine against Russia, The Nazi generals figured it would take four months,
In July, 1941, Britain and Russia pledged joint. action against Germany.
Russians Spring Upset
hined with the bitterest winter in 150 years upset Hitler's plans. oo Tue asians started a Sante offensive and Grove back on Dee. 7, 1941, the ned hombed Pearl Hatbor. The United States declared war on Germany, Italy and Japan. _First. American troops landed in Ireland in January, 1942. The tide turned in Russia in the fall of 1942 after Hitler's summer bid for victory. Over smoke-hung Stalingrad, a grim citizens army Jad its back to the Volga. Then just as Hitler was promising the fall of Stalingrad, the Red army, struck again, executing a super-pincers thrust tirat cut off and isolated the attacking arm. Winter came a second time and Hitler's campaign was stalled for the year. Meanwhile the United States and Russia had signed a mutual aid pact. ‘The German drive in Africa toward Egypt had been halted. The Allied March Begins In October, 1942, British forces struck through the
®
hurled the axis from North Africa.
. In November, 1942, American and British forces landed Eng-{in French Northwest Africa. ”
+. in January, 1943, the Russians broke the siege of Stalingrad. Bin The axis was defeated
In reality it| ‘was the beginning of the end, but the end was years ahead.
Russia was staggered by ‘the initial German onslaught: | | By November, the Nazi tide had swept: 1000 miles to.the east. | Then unsuspected Russian reserves of men and arms com-
| one-half of one per cent.
The final stage of the allied pre-invasion offensive | opened in April, 1944. Europe was to be softened for the | final blow. The combined weight of four allied air commands operating from Britain and one from Italy shook Europe hour after hour under a crescendo of explosions. Then came D-day—June 6, 1944. Under the command of Gen. Dwight-D. Eisenhower, troops landed on the Normandy coast and advanced through the Cherbousg peninsula in the greatest amphibian operation in history. Russia also was on the move; having ended all German offensives in Russia, Poland and the Crimea. France was liberated and the allies swept up to the Siegfried line, Hitler’ # {doom was sealed, The Sixth Spring of War As the sixth spring of war began, allied armies were crushing forward in the east and west, driving toward a meetitig to stamp-out Nazism once and for all. Throughout the winter of 1944-45, American, British and Canadian armies had been poised on the Western frontiers of Germany ready to strike. Formidable Russian armies were lined up in the east. : ; On Dec. 16, 1944, the Germans attempted a desperate gamble with a counteroffensive in Belgium which tore a 60-mile gap in allied lines. Finally théy were "halted on Jan. 6, 1945, and it was estimated that the “Battle of the Bulge” cost the Germans thousands of men and immense quantities of equipment. |
Russians Launch Offensive
On Jan. 13, 1945, the Russians launched their “win the - | war” offensive. They marched through Pol# k. Wars saw, swept into East Prussia i drove to the gates of Berlin. The western allies swept throtgh the Siegfried line and across the legendary Rhine—the first tirfie this barrier had been cracked since 1805, Berlin was entéred by the Russians ton April 21. + On April 25, the Americans and Russiaris ‘joined forces
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175 miles south of Berlin. The juncture of the western and
eastern allies. tha. full of Berlin; snd lesumeal mask sureeds, ous Sovughindonel 118 44 oF Gerins rosstines.
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