Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 26 January 1945 — Page 15
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| Hello for Bill _
(Ernie Pyle 1s en route to the Pacific front and his first columns from that area are expected fo start : in the near future.) -
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TTC
“ WITH THE 0TH ARMY (via Bomber Packet).— We were sitting on the edge of the slit trench munching turnips in the middle of a big field; Pvts, Edward Rasabian of Pasadena, Cal, and Calvin Wright of Meridian, Miss. “Now, when I was a spotter in that dry cleaning plant back: home,” observed Pvt, Rasabian, “I'd refuse to work. on clothes dirty as these and the boss would have been insulted if they came, in. “And down on the farm,” added Pvt. Wright, “Mom would-a lambusted the hell out of me if I didn't clean up slick on Sun- . day. Look at me now.” Just about then a plane swooped low. out of .a cloud and » we dropped deep into the trench. gs Looking up, we saw one of our jobs, “That’s how we get so dirty,” growled Pvt. Rasabian, “hittin’ the damn deck for that.” But ow you gonna tell on a day like this, with a million planes flying?” A
‘Ever Shoot This?’
“DO YOU GUYS ever shoot this thing?” I asked, indicating the big three-inch tank destroyer, “Naw,” they said disgustingly, “We knocked out three pillboxes once. But the planes always get the Jerry tanks before they get close enough for us to shoot. This is a hell of a way to fight a war.” 1 went across the road to the beet fleld where GI's’ had a gun; Pvts. Bill Hawkins, Mannington, W. Va.; Oscar Allison, Elgin, Tex., and Cliff LeBlanc, Foxhury, Mass. “Anything ever happen around here?” I asked. , ‘They pointed to a flock of holes all around their gun position,
Inside Indianapolis By Lowell Nusshaum
CHEER UP, POLKS8—it won't be long until spring. January's almost over. And February's a short month. And then comes March, First thing you know, summer will be here, and we'll all be worrying because autumn is coming—and after it, winter. Wonder what they do to pass the time where it's always summer? , , , In case you think we're kidding about spring being on the way, listen to this: © Already, the days are. 30 minutes longer. than they were back’ on Dec.’ 22, the shortest day of the year. On Dec. 22, old Sol arose at 8:04 a, m. and set at 5:23 p. m. Today, sunrise was 7:59 a. m, sunset 5:57 p. m. That's a gain of better than a minute a day. “++, And while we're on the subject of weather, ete, don’t be too
| eritical of the long continued cold spell. It's not all
bad. One of its good points is the lowered incidence
| of respiratory ailments. It isn't so much the cold, ll we're told by Dr. Herman G. Morgan, the health
board secretary, as it is the lack of variable temperatures. A prolonged period of stable temperature
i gives the body a chance to become adapted to the | temperature. Sudden changes produce epidemics of i colds; flu and pneumonia. We've heard some sinus i victims admitting that their sinuses have been beil having remarkably well in recent weeks, probably due, | likewise, to the stability of the weather. ,. A woman | walked fnto the Hoosier Gardener shop out in Broad | Ripple the other day and asked the price of a small | bouquet of violets. Informed that it was $1, she re-
plied: “I never spent that much before for flowers, but I'll take these, With all this smow and ice, I need something to cheer me.”
Hurry—Get Your Seed!
"HAVE YOU NOTICED how the stores are starting to blossom out with spring merchandise? We stopped
l In om of the dime stores and were: agreeably sur-
prised to see an extensive display of flower and" vege-
| table ‘garden seed, insecticides, fertilizer and grass seed. On a nearby counter was a display of paint
Takeoff at Dawn
HARRY B. VAN LIEW is back on his old job as a United Air Lines captain today. His log book tells of a three-year war career with_
750 hours of combat flying, the Distinguished Flying | Oross, two citations, and recovery from two attacks
: One citation came from Adm. W. PF. Halsey, com-
of malaria, He was 14 months in the Pacific as operations officer of the South Pacific air force combat group. He began as a reserve marine captain. Pirst United pilot to enter active military service following Pearl Harbor, Lt. Col. Van Liew is the first of the company’s more than 200 pilots in the armed services to return to the airlines. He has donned his old uniform as United Air Lines captain for the first time since January, 1942.
| mander of the South Pacific area. ’
; Delivered Vital Cargo
“FOR SKILLFUL and effective performance of,
| duty as pilot of a transport plane attached to the | South Pacific air transport command operating in the | Solomon Islands area,” this citation reads “Lt. Col. | Van Liew successfully completed a cargo-dropping | ‘mission, delivering over eight tons of vital military
‘My Day
WASHINGTON, Thuréday.—Every time I take
| people to the Wiltwyck school at Esopus, N. Y., I am | impressed by the fact that, by contact with the boys | and with the faculty, they come away having ac- | quired an appreciation of the work being done and an
| which is exhilarating, sheltered aig nS Am
understanding of the atmosphere which Dr. Cooper and his staff create. ' This is an atmosphere which cannot be put into words. There is no sense of institutionalism in the school. The boys are free and happy, just in the way they would be at any other school. Entirely forgotten is the fact that they were sent there because they were considered too difficult to handle at other institutions. : You simply think of them as normal, happy children being given an opportunity for development in a sensible, pleasant environment, Our train'was late going up to Poughkeepsie, and 80 we did not reach our own house at Hyde Park for lunch until 2:30 ° 2 ; In a half. hour we started again for the station. Luckily, we caught a belated express: and reached New York City arotind 6 o'clock. I took the subway from Grand Central to 14th st., and then got out and
Walked, to discover for the first time how the wind caring for their children, and arryirig the full burden| | by themselves in’ addition to the constant anxiety
had come up and how cold it-was. . : “There is something ‘about beating against the wind,
®
“Don’t: get the idea we dug 'em,” said Pvt. Ellison. “Jerry dug 'em for us-last night.” “Yep. sent 'em over by special plane at midnight,” added Pvt. Hawkins, “Obliging cuss, too. It was dark, so he dropped a flare. “That's so we could see hime perform, ‘I. guess. Then he came back and dropped anti-personnel bombs all over us, That one there we measured: 10 feet from my home. This is a hel] of a war.”
Defensive Positions
THESE ARE defensive positions, perhaps two kilometers from the front. The tank: destroyers are one of the toughest of our guns, Usually these guns are in defehsive positions, though a group of guns from this same battery were towed forward for one recent battle, knocked several Jerry tanks awry and were slugged into submission themselves. " The men in defensive positions are heavily armed. They've a bazooka, hand grenades, rifle grenades, a 50-caliber machine gun, a 30-caliber machine gun, M-1 rifles and carbines—even flares. Two or three men dug in, with all that fire power, could be mighty ornery to advancing Germans, Only the Germans prefer to sit still or move the other way. | Isn't it queer when a fellow will think of something he promised long ago. I was sitting in an open jeep in the Burma rain. Ann Sheridan had just started her show on the jungle stage, and along came a tall young lieutenant, -Bill Payne of Miami. “When you write or go home,” said Bill, “will you be sure to say hello for me to Mr. Usina and the DuPont bank?” * . ; “I'l do it right now,” I promised. So “Hello, Mr. Usina for Bill Payne.” , ;
(Copyright, 1945, by The Indianapolis Times and The Chicago Daily News, Inc.)
and brushes, ready for the spring cleanup. . . . Now that the ice has disappeared from some of the downtown streets, the streets seem extremely dirty. ‘But it's no.fault of the street department. They haven't been able to do anything about it with all the ice. What's needed is a long, heavy rainfall to wash the dirt away. , . . If you haven't already noticed the planet Venus recently, take a look at the western sky along about 8 or 9 tonight. The planet is so large and brilliant that it looks like a hunk broken out of the moon. The weather bureau hd$ had.a number of calls from folks wondering just what was going on up there in the sky. One woman thought she cbuld read the letter “B” on the planet, The weather bureau folks called Emsley Johnson, who knows all about such things, and he explained the reason Venus is so brilliant now is that it is facing the sun instead of the moon. It should remain brilliant for about another 30 days, he added. Mr. Johnson said that through field glasses or a telescope, it can be seen that the planet is ‘crescent-shaped.
‘Made in Japan’ ; ONE OF FOUR readers stopped in a downtown candy store the other day and bought a small’ box a - > of candy to send to a serviceman as a valentine gift. It was one of those red, heart-shaped boxes, weighing less than 8 ounces, so it could be mailed overseas. When she got home, she was amazed to note on the bottom of the box: “Made in Japan.” When she called the attention of the clerks to that, they just shrugged their shoulders. A little apprehensive as to what a soldier fighting the Japs might do upon receiving a box of candy marked “Made in Japan,” she thought of a solution. She took a knife and scraped off the nasty words. After all, she reasoned, the boxes must have been received before the war. And with the paper shortage and all, it wouldn't be patriotic to destroy the boxes now. . . . Darwin DeYoe, the WFBM announcer known professionally as Dave Rogers, is leaving for Chicago to join the NBC staff there. . . . Don't forget the big all-star show at Cadle tabernacle tomorrow night, as a benefit to the infantile paralysis fund. It's bound to be a good show. If you can't go yourself, how about buying a ticket ($1.20) for a soldier?
~ By Max B. Cook
cargo to our ground forces in the New Georgia area in the face of heavy anti-aircraft fire which was continuously directed at his plane. During six runs over the dropping point, he showed not only complete disregard for his personal safety, but a high degree of courage.”
12,000 Hours Flying Time
THIRTY-NINE YEARS young, Lt. Col. Van Liew has more than 12,000 hours of flying time. He joined the United Air Lines as a co-pilot in 1933 and became a captain on the New York-Chicago run in 1839. He is married, has a daughter 13 and two soris, one 10 and the other 7, at their home in St, James, L. L At 39, the retiring marine says that he is no «Jonger needed in the South Pacific but is needed by the expanding United system. He says that the young marine fliers are outwitting the ‘Japs at every turn. “Average age of our pilots in the South Pacific was less than 25, and they ‘camie to us with only 500 or 600 hours of flying experience,” he said. “We overloaded planes to more than 30,000 pounds gross weight, as against airline regulations of a little more than 25,000 and flew into any and all kinds of weather. “But these youngsters flew directly into combat areas, dodged into clouds and over tree tops.to escape Jap Zeroes, and faced anti-aircraft fire unflinchingly. The record of the ‘Scats’ (as the South Pacific combat air transport group is called) has been little less than phenomenal” 9
By Eleanor Roosevelt
Miss Thompson, Mrs. Lash and I had a rather leisurely dinner, and then I went to a meeting of the United Veterans of the Second World War, Inc. When I arrived, a speaker was explaining the loan system under the G. I. bill of rights, and after my talk we had a long discussion period. The questions ranged over a great number of subjects, from the fear of Russia to the shortcomings of the veterans’ gadministration. 1 have been asked to draw attention to the fact that, in addition to the nurses needed for our military hospitals, there are women needed in the armed services proper to become laboratory technicians, nurses’
aids, and in every way to supplement the work of the|
registered nurses. If a girl feels that she wants to work in the hospitals, but still does not want to take a nurses’ training, there are many possibilities open in the armed services for being of help to the boys. You must take basic training and then have what-
ever additional technical training is needed, but it is|
not as long an ordeal as becoming a nurse. - The other day I was sent a copy of a very delightful letter written by a father who is serving as an officer in our army in Italy, after he had received a membership card in the National Parent-Teachers association. . * The letter shows great appreciation of what the mothers are doing at home-—running their houses,
about their husbands: : ; : I hope many a woman, when she feels somewhat
PR i By Jack Bell
oa
SECOND SECTION
By EDWARD R. STETTINIUS JR. Secretary of State The experts framed a plan,
it~and do something about it.
THE stake of the American people in the maintenance of peace after this war could not be greater. We hate war, Yet twice in a generation we have been forced to fight to defend our freedom and our vital interests against powerful aggressors. Our young men are giving their lives daily because -we and other peace-loving nations did not suc ceed after the last war in organizing and maintaining peace. It is up to us to see that their sons—and ours—are not forced to give their lives in another great ‘war 25 years from now, » ” ”
IN THIS WAR we were attacked last by the aggrgssors and we have been able to fight them far from our own soil. The range of the airplane and the new weapons already developed make certain that next time—if we permit a next time— the devastation of war will be brought to our own homes and our own soil. Next time—if we permit a next time—it is likely that the United States will be attacked first, not last, by an aggressbr nation. : » os »
AFTER WE have won this war we shall have only one alternative to preparing for the next war. That is to prevent the next war.
now. We can do it only by planning and developing, in co-operation with the other peace-loving -peoples of the world, an organized peace that will really work.
A SOUND peace plan must be based on the facts as they are and aimed at the realization of our ideals for a peaceful world. Both of these requirements, I think, are met by the proposals which were drafted last summer and fall at Dumbarton Oaks in Washington by representatives of the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union and China. I wish here to state what I believe {0 be the" plan’s animating spirit and its practical operating value. - 8 » ” THESE PROPOSALS did not spring from thin air; They were preceded by long and careful studies among many sorts of people in each of the four countries. In the United States advice was sought not only on technical experts in the Department of State but of political leaders of both parties in congress, of qualified high officers of our Army and Navy, and of notable private citizens of varying views. The proposals are the outcome " of patient research and of broad consultation. ; Every effort is now being made to submit them to the thoughts and suggestions of all the people of America. : » » » - THERE ARE four corners to the plan proposed at Dunibarton Oaks. The first is this: Peace can be maintained oily if the peace-lov-ing nations of the world band together for that purpose. In doing so, they must recognize the sovereign principle of the equality of all of them, and at the same time, the fact of the inequality of their power to prevent wap, 2 x = THE PHRASE “sovereign equality” is enshrined in Principle Number .One of the Dumbarton Oaks Proposals. It "means that ewery peace-lov-ing state, however small, has the same supreme authority over its
Here we as citizens are* challenged to understand it, discuss:
It is imperative that we start
e Indianapolis '
ny ’
hid as
FRIDAY, JANUARY 26, 1945
A DOWN-TO-EARTH DISCUSSION BY THE SECRETARY OF STATE—
‘What Dumbarton Oaks Plan Means
its advice on all legal questions
involved in international disputes.
A
Edward R. Stettinius Jr.
own territory as any other state,
- however large.
Each, therefore, has both a right to a voice in the affairs of the family of nations and a responsibility to share in the task of creating a peaceful world order. » » » CONFORMING to this principle, the Dumbarton” Oaks Proposals provide that membership in the
IN THIS function the Assembly also has an important secondary role to play. The primary responsibility for creation of the international political, economic and social conditions favorable to peace rests with the Assembly. : This is a responsibility that can be carried out successfully only by continuing and developing agree-
This down-to-earth discussion of the Dumbarton Oaks pedce plan by Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius appears in the current issue of the Reader's Digest. It clarifies the points in the Dumbarton Oaks agreeemnt and gives an illuminating overall picture of the scope and significance of this historical document.
new International Organization shall be open fo all “peace-loving” states large and small. The proposals provide for a General Assembly in which all member states will be represented on an equal footing. They also provide for a smaller
body of 11 members—the Security .
Council—in" which the five most powerful nations will be permanent members. » 8» : ALL MEMBERS of the Organization undertake to settle their
disputes peacefully and to fulfill the other obligations to maintain and strengthen peace which would be assumed by them under the proposed Charter of the Organization. is » Within the limits of these undertakifigs the representatives of the member nations will cast their votes on any international
‘issue in the manner that their
own countries may direct; and each of them will be chosen by his own country in any way that his own country may prefer. National sovereignty unimpaired.
remains
” J ” THE AIM of the Organization
is twofold... It. is.to.prevent-and:i...
suppress wars. It is also to make peace constantly. stronger.by developing closer, more friendly and mutually profitable relations among the member states. The primary responsibility for the prevention and suppression of war rests with the Security Council. This is because it is a task that can be performed effectively only by a small body, which must include the five gteat powers as permanent members.
Up Front With Mauldin
a wh le Eu)
ment among all member nations, large and small.
8 oo 4 ; IT IS ONLY after all means for the peaceful prevention of war have been exhausted that the Security Council will then turn to forceful means for the prevention or suppression of war, As the first of these further steps the Security Council may call upon all members of the new International Organization to -apply pressure to any offending state by such non-military means as “the severance of diplomatic and economic relations” and “complete or partial interruption of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio and other means of. communication.” If these further means are not enough, the Security Council is empowered to take military action “by air, naval or land forces.” . " 2 » THE MEMBERS of the new International Organization would agree, in the Charter itself, that throughout these efforts the Security Council would be acting “on their behalf.” They would also agree to assume the obligation to make - “armed forces” and “facilities” and *“assistance” available to the Security Council “on its call” and in accordance with special agreements previously concluded. "To insure effective employment of these forces the Security Council is to be provided with a Military Staff Committee composed of
' the Chiefs of Staff of the perma-
nent member nations of the Council or their representatives.
» » ” THE SECURITY COUNCIL is thus * given powers which the Council of the League of Nations did not possess. The League's powers proved too weak. It is surely evident that stronger powers are necessary. On the other hand, these stronger powers do not producé what some commentators have described as an “Irresponsible and Uncontrollable Great - Power SuperState.” The Plan contains many checks to the contrary. For example: ONE: The Security Council cannot call upon any state for armed forces except to an extent agreed upon beforehand by that state itself. : “ Each state will determine its own international contribution of armed forces through a special agreement or agreements signed by itself and ratified by its own constitutional processes. That is, the Dumbarton Oaks Plan leaves each state free to set its own limit upon the quantity
and” quality of the armed forces
THIS WAR has- shown that wand other military facilities and
small states in an era of mechanized warfare are unable to defend themselves against great” aggres‘BOYS. Tel ge Only the great: powers possess the industrial capacity and other military resources required by the United Nations to defeat the Axis aggressors. Similarly, wars can be prevented
~"and suppressed in the future only
if the great powers employ their dominant physical power justly and in unity of purpose to- that end. » » » HENCE the place that the Dumbarton Oaks Plan gives to a Security Council. Hence, too, the position assigned to the United States, Great Brit ain, the Soviet Union, China, France as permanent members of the Council. In addition, the Security Council is to have six non-permanent members, elected for two-year terms by a two-thirds vote of the General Assembly. 2 x » THE SUPREME duty of the curity Council is to “take any measures necessary for the main-
~tenance of international peace and
security in accordance with the purposes and principles” set down in the Charter of the new International Organization. These measures constitute the second corner of the peace plan. They fall into two groups—those necessary to prevent wars and those necessary to suppress them. =n w "
ALL MEMBER states undertake the obligation to settle their disputes peacefully by means of their own choice, They may do so by negotiation, mediation, arbitration, conciliation or judicial processes. Many local or regional differences can be settled by regional arrangements without reference to the Security Council.
IF, HOWEVER, means like these fail, then the nations are obligated to come to the Security Council, which also has.the power, on its own initiative, to investigate any dispute and to recommend methods of adjustment. In this connection the General Assembly is empowered to consider any question relating to the maintenance of peace and security and to make recommendations on it, provided that the Security Council 1s not already actively engaged in dealing with it. » » ”
THE DUMBARTON ‘OAKS*Proposals also provide for an International Court of Justice to which any dispute that can be settled by rules of law shall be referred. . Its statute — or Constitution — will be the same as that of the present Permanent Court of Inter national Justice with minor neces sary modifications, or based upon it. % or This Cotirt will be the vial organ of the new United Nations
assistance that it will furnish to the Security Council. . The Security Council cannot require it to go beyond that limit. The - Security Council does not in anygway become the arbitrary master of the world’s mijitary resources.
TWO: The great powers who are to be the five permanent members of the Security Council do not constitute a majority of the Council. Any decision of the Council would therefore require the affirmative votes of at least some of the six non-permanent memsbers.
THREE: In the General Assembly the smaller powers, with their overwhelming majority of the membership, may adopt a recommendation on a question of peace before that question rises for action in the Security Council. The General Assembly is to meet
, at least once a year. It may meet
oftener. It is to receive annual and special reports from the Security Council and has the power to consider them and to express
—either-its-appraval or dissent.
Agreement among the great powers is an essential condition of peace. At the same time, the opportunity’ of the smaller powers, under the Dumbarton Oaks Plan, to stand
sentinel over the behavior of the
great powers is surely far greater than it ever could be in a world left unorganized” and planlessly open to predatory aggression,
ii THE THIRD CORNER of the peace plan is the essential comple~ ment of the second. To prevent and suppress wars
(Continued on Page 17—Column 5)
>» HANNAH< 1)
‘imes
PAGE 15
- Labor | ClO Executives Rap Army's Manpower Shift
WASHINGTON, Jan. 3 (U. P.).—The house rules committee today provided for house action next week on proposed “work or else” legislation, but members made it clear that a strong fight would be waged to add aff anticlosed shop amendment.
NEW ORLEANS, La, Jan. 26 (U. P.) ~The international execu.’ tive board of the United Automobile Workers (C, I. O,) today criticized the war department ° for its policy of furloughing enlisted men to take jobs in war plants. in order to relieve labor sho! es. The board adopted a resolution calling on the war department to discharge any soldier who Is found essential to war production instead of granting furloughs te such men, It demanded that selective serv ice cease inducting men where shortages are known to exist,
» » ” R. J. THOMAS, U. A. W. president, said the practice “showed a glaring weakness in our manpower planning.” He said if this action was not entirely a result of poor planning and maladministration by the war department, selective service, war production board and other agencies, then the only other answer was that “it is an attempt to impose national service without benefit of legislation.” > The WPB also came in for its share of criticism at today’s meeting .of the board when it was charged that WPB officials were refusing to call a joint meeting of labor dnd management advisory committees of the WPB for the auto industry. Thomas, stressing importance of a conference to gain further co-operation between ‘management and labor in the auto industry, said the request, by the U. A. W. for the meeting had been “met only with evasions and stalling on the part of the WPB.” » » » A NEW REQUEST for such a meeting will be “sent today to .J. A, Krug, chairman of the war production board, demanding that the session be held immediately. “The attitude of the WPB in evading the issue in this matter shows the board's deference to management's hostility toward labor in the matter of co-operat-ing for the war effort,” Thomas said. The board, which will continue in session over the week-end, last night voiced heated oppesition to any form of peacetime conseription of male youth. Other U. A. W. board action yesterday included protests over any division of the authority of the secretary of commerce and indorsement of Henry A. Wallace for the cabinet post.
We, The Wome Arab Harems Take Tip From Our Playboys
By RUTH MILLETT
THE ARAB Women’s Congress has set itself the job of seeing that polygamy is limited in Ara- . bia to men who can afford it financially. ol When they get that done ~they’ll be on about an equal footing with American women, so far as that phase of “feminine rights” is concerned. For we have slready reached that point in America— where for the most part only the rich and successful men have more than one wife.
OF COURSE we don't eall our system polygamy, Goodness, no. Polygamy is immoral—according to our laws and teachings.
But our society accepts the fact that often the first thing a man does when he becomes successful is to get rid of his old wife and take on a new ome, and then, perhaps, another and another each in her proper turn. And it accepts the fact that young’ men of inherited wealth can have a whole string of wives if they are so inclined.