Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 10 August 1944 — Page 19

n Double KETS

Pale ite

] I KETS

139

&

amon , ELS 25° Each . f

§

vt °

said,

~~ v

a a TE uk

Soprer. Vagabond

Jk {Continued From Page One) Sat Sin dropped ts, own hurting marker acrosd the . lllimitable heaven to guide those behind. ’ *, Jang before now the German ack-ack guns had {gone out of existence, ‘We had counted three of our ‘big planes down in spectacular flames, and I believe that was all. The German ackack gunners either took to their holes or were annihilated. ; How many waves of heavy * bombers we put over I have no idea. I had counted well beyond 400 planes when my personal dis- « ffction obliterated any capacity or desire to count, I only know that 400 was just the beginning, There were supposed to be 1800 planes that day, and I believe it was announced later that there were more than _ 3000. It seemed incredible to me that any German

© could come out of that bombardment with his sanity,

When it was over even I was grateful in a chastened ay I had never experienced before, Tor just being

v ‘thought an attack by our troops was impossible

% mow, for it is an unnerving thing to be bombed by

our own planes.

Snaps His Fingers, Tosses His Arms

DURING THE bad pert a colonel I had known 8 long time was walking up ‘and down behind the farmhouse, snapping his fingers and saying over and

. over to himself, “Goddamit, goddamit!”

As he passed me once he stopped and stared and “Goddamit!” ‘ And I said, “There can't be any attack now, can . there?” and he said, “No,” and began walking again, snapping his fingers and tossing his arm as though be was throwing rocks at the ground. TH. leading company of our ‘battalion was to

€ Indianapolis ‘Times

I'm Sure Bomber Crews Almost Wept

THERE IS one more thing I want to say before we follow the ground troops on deeper into France in the great push you've been reading about now for days. I'm sure that back in England that night other men—bomber crews— almost wept, and maybe they did really, in the awful knowledge that they had killed our own American troops. But I want.to say this to them. | The chaos and the bitterness there in the orchards

and’ between the hedgerows that afternoon have

After the bitterness came the sober remembrance Wak ie air (178 8 Wie Suvng YES MH 3 Hm of us. Not only at the beginning, but ceaselessly and everlastingly, every moment of the faintest’ daylight, the air corps is up there banging away ahead of us. Anybody makes mistakes. The enemy makes them just the same as we do. The smoke and confusion of battle bewilder us all on the ground as well as in the air. And in this case the percentage of error was really very small compared with the colossal storm of bombs that fell upon the enemy. The air corps has been wonderful throughout this

_ invasion, and the men on the Sound sppretiat it.

Inside Indianapolis 2 Lowell Nussbaum

WE THINK you'll be interested in reading a letter from France describing Ernie Pyle, the Hoosier Vaghbond, from the service man's poinf of . View, The letter is from Lt. C. E. (Dick) Berry, aid to one of

the esi heading the invasion, He isn't permitted to say which general it is. The let-

Jackson of the Service Men’s Centers administrative staff, with - whom he became acquainted while he was stationed at Ft. Harrison. After leaving here, Lt, Berry served at Indiana university, then O. C. 8 at Ft. Benning, followed by Camp Shelby, Africa, Sicily, England, and now France. The letter: “I've just been reading some old mail—this because of lack of mail. I've saved every letter since I've been in , What a collection! In many of the last , people mention Ernie Pyle, ask if I know him, give their opinion of his articles, etc. I think it’s

. about time someone wrote something about him, I

him. I think it

He Radiates Personality

“PERHAPS THE most striking thing about him He presents the most humorous appearhis 5 feet 6 (probable) and a helmet that obscures him from the shoulders up. When he takes off the helmet, he simply radiates personalA possessor’of the most infectious grin, it’s small that he has become the soldiers’ favorite cor-

“Hels absolutely unaffected, and once objected when a photographer friend of his, and over the place for some kerosene to go i To ty oe his column. His classic remark, and sincerely spoken was: “Gosh, you're treating me like visiting royalty, or something.” The very simplicity of his speech makes it rhetorical. The

PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 10—~If any good can come

* gut of the Philadelphia transportation strike and

the race disturbances that appeared in its early

to prevent similar trouble between whites and Negroes. Here in Philadelphia a major share of the credit for prevention of serious disorders was given by city officials and the newspapers to sane and effective leadership in Negro circles. " “During the week of tension,” said Mayor Samuel, “splendid “work was done by Negro leaders in discouraging and suppressing possible trouble. This is the type of work that gains the respect of all good citizens” As an example of how other northern cities may {earn from the City of Brotherly Love, Detroit sent some of its Negro detectives here as observers. : They have gone home with a message that intelligént leadership among the Negroes themselves was a great factor in putting an early end to the hoodlumism at the beginning of the strike. Another good factor, according to Roy Garvin of Washington, manager of the Negro newspaper AfroAmerican, was “sane coverage of the situation" by the Philadelphia newspapers.

Leaders Were Ready

LEADERS IN Philadelphia's colored community were ready with plans to combat the disorders when they broke out more thah a week ago. Officials of Negro organizations had been meeting for a week on ‘the possibility that trouble might come with the beginning of training for upgraded Negro employees of the Philadelphia Transportation Co. Tuesday, first day of the strike, these groups caused distribution of 100,000 handbills advising all

My Day

HYDE PARK, Wednesday. —The newspépers make interesting reading these days. On all the war fronts, in spite of great sacrifices, advances are made, but when you begin to read domestic news you are struck by the division of interests which seem to enter into

all the questions that are under discussion. If there are bills before congress, one group, primarily interested in a particular thing, will tell you that “this” bill is perfect and “that” bill is no good. Organ= izations tear each’ other apart, people resign because they cannot agree and find a way out of their difficulties which will meet, in great part, everybody's desires. I have come to the conclusion "that if we could set up one of two standards by ‘which we measure our thinking today, it will be a tremendous help. This would be to take a bill a3 1 came up, or & tapdidate, OF an organization, and say: “We want material things to serve ints beings,

\ we will work for material ends which we believe will benent human beings; but as between material profi. ab that might accrue’ to human beings, fhe Sholge-~Us Wives of ie Jesple

ter was received by Miss Dorothy .

liking for him is shown by everyone, from ‘the com-~

manding - general right down to the jowest private.|

And he’s just as interested in thé private (maybe more s0) as in the general, as is shown by his articles, though it stands to reason that a gener} is far better publicity material from a correspondent’s view than a private. “His adverse reasoning in that respect has definitely established him as being, in addition to No. 1 correspondent, one of our country’s foremost psychologists. This, of course, is covered in the theory that no rule can be without exceptions, but who else would have thought of it?

He'd Like to Be Home

HE TAKES an intense interest in everyone and everything about him. .I don't believe my vocabulary contains a word that can rightfully describe the sincerity of his interest. Recently, I showed him a Jetter I received which was entitled: “What Indianapolis Did on D-Day.” He read it through, and said rather wistfully: “Gee, I'd sure love to be back in the States”, That's the feeling I got when I read your letter. I think it was one of the nicest I have ever received from you. Of course, he doésn’t have to be here. I think it’s his love for the G. I's that keeps him here. And it's well known here that he spends as much time on the front lines as he does in the C. Ps. “One of the nicest things about him is his direct manner. One day during the C. G's aid, managed in his some crabs. We were having as for dinner that evening. , When I walked into the mess tent, I was greeted “by the most comical sight I've seen in this war. There sat this big little man with a crab in one hand and a pair of wireman’s pliers in the other hand, going after the crab in a most ‘aufgeschoben ist nicht aufgehoben’ manner. P. 8. He won. “There are many more interesting things I could say about him, but I think these few will serve to illustrate that the popular concensus here is: If there's a single man here wha deserves more acclaim than his name at the heading of his articles, it's Ernie Pyle.”

; Philadelphia Story By Fred W. Perkins

citizens to “sit tight—keep your heads and your tempers. Treat other people as you would be. treated. Share your car.” The same messages appeared on 300 large placards in areas of large Negro population, and Negro committee workers were instructed to help disperse groups collecting in the streets. The day after the hoodlum outhreaks, Dr. John K. Rice, president of the North Philadelphia Civic league, a Negro organization of 500 members, called a meeting of area Negro leaders and of many white storekeepers who had been victimized by the mob. Many of the Negro men volunteered to help police the district, and large posters appeared. in many

“Negroes, think before you act! Your neighbors are not your enemies, Let's all co-operate for mutual ‘helpfulness.”

Ministers Co-operated \ ’

IN ANOTHER meeting, Negro Baptist ministers of more than 100 churches developed means for appealing to what they regarded as the youthful Negro delinquent element responsible for the disorders. There were numerous other meetings of Negro groups, all striving for maintenance of peace. Radio appeals by Negro leaders emphasized the same need. Roy Wilkins, assistant secretary of the NAACP; J. Finley Wilson, national head of the Negro EIks, and other Negro leaders came here from other cities to aid in the work of pacification. Plans were made for sound trucks to carry the peace appeal into Negro districts, with Negroes doirig the speaking, but this plan was vetoed by city authorities. “We don’t understand why this plan was turned down,” said Leslie Perry, -a national official of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. “We think Negroes can be induced best by members of their own race to restrain themselves —and that is the apparent lesson to be learned from the Philadelphia situation.”

By Eleanor Roosevelt

Also: “we want men who think first of people,

and only second of things.” Business is desperately importaht t6 us now. It

. should be given every legitimate help because we

want the business enterprises of the country to continue to function at top production. We do not want this primarily, however, so that unlimited profits can

‘be made on investments.

We want the jobs which full production will bring us. We have to have those jobs because, unless the people have them, their standard of living will go down and they will not be ahle to buy the goods which full production will produce.

able and really da the things that they do better than big business, but it will pay us in the long run. services , of course, as long

? in the production of war goods. They have to turn to such organizations as goods most quickly and most efficiently. vy

jpaien, Mazwel, the | table way to get the day peace comes. ®

“SECOND SECTION.

CHURCHES PLAN A CALM V-DAY

Services, Parade Scheduled On Day War Ends; Warn Against Hysteria.

By EMMA RIVERS MILNER Times Church Editor A single downtown thanksgiving service of reverence and dignity, climaxing a parade led by troops from Ft. Harrison, and simultaneous celebrations in neighborhood churches, will be sponsored by Indianapolis civic and religious groups

Plans to avoid hysteria and to celebrate in a seemly and patriotic manner on V-day were made at a meeting of civi¢ and religious groups yesterday. The meeting was called by the Indianapolis Church Federation and its executive secretary, Dr. Howard J. Baumgartel. Those attending the meeting em=phasized the necessity to continue with undiminished effort all war work, at the same -time planning for an orderly marking of peace day. - These plans have been approved by Mayor Tyndall and the following organizations: The Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce, Council of Social agencies, Merchants’ association, Indi~ anapolis public school, Jewish federation, Catholic diocese, Negro Federation of Associated Clubs, Community fund, American Legion, AF of Land C. IL O,

Committee to Namé*Chairman

Details of the peace day celebra« tion will be worked out by a council for which a nominating commit-

‘Baumgarte], the Rev. Fr. Clarence Sweeney representing thie Catholic diocese and Dr, C. B, Chambers, the American Legion. The ‘effort to promote a “reverent peace day in Indianapolis is part of a national movement given publicity

The council warns against the drunkenness and confusion -of Armistice day, 1918, It points out that many people are cast down by the loss of their sons in the war and inappropriate celebrations are likely to offend those who have sacrificed the most for the’ peace.

INJUNCTION ‘AGAINST RAIDS IS REFUSED

.-An injunction sought by the Four Hundred Club, Inc, to prevent police from raiding their quarters at 842 S, Meridian st, was denied today by Special Judge Harold Barger of Shelbyville in superior court 2. The ruling was given when attorneys for the club asked for a continuance of the trial to seek more evidénce in support of their contention that police were illegally threatening to arrest club members. ¢ Judge Barger refused to grant the continuance and denied the injunction for lack of evidence,

PRISONER OF WAR SOCIETY TO ELECT

The American Prisoner of War|

Society will elect officers at 1:30

ter Moreland Sr. president, said

miles from one of ‘the German prison camps.

PATROLMAN. FALLS INTO A MANHOLE]

The Truth )

and. effectively g

result of fine

tee will select a chairman, Thel nominating committee includes Dr.

by the Federal Council of Churches. |

that the Russians are now only 65] §

FAGou

Written for NEA Service Turkey's bold defi to Germany — -the rupture of all diplomatic

' and economic relations with the

Beet atu splintered Hit-_

: gs last ‘iota of prestige in the il Balkans and the Near East

stoppered his ? last reliable j eastern espionage outlet. The final break with Germany at this time was inevitable, the

precision in the conduct of a Turkish foreign policy which probably will go down in history as the coolest piece of diplomatic business in world war II. Such tribute to the Turks will sound harshly upon the ears of many Americans. For events— and enemy propaganda — have to make the Turks and their conduct thus far in this war, one of the most misunderstood of all peoples.

Brink of Catastrophe

From the collapse of France through Hitlers’ triumphant Balkan and Middle Eastern campaigns to the present moment, the Turks have lived upon the brink of catastrophe, The luftwaffe, no matter what its present state, can, if it chooses, make Istanbul and Smyrna a shambles, smash Ataturk's proud new capital at Ankara and paralyze the tenuous road and rail communications through Anatolia. Premier Shukru Saracoglu well knew the other day when he confronted the Turkish grand national assembly to exactly what kind of “consequences’—to quote the German DNB—he might be subjecting his country. The French collapse in 1940 sounded like the crack of doom in Ankara. While the western world shuddered at the disaster in the West, the Turks faced up to the potential catastrophe in the East. The gradual dissolution

Ray Brock

GOP GROUP TO FETE PRECINCT LEADERS

MECH

Precinct committeemen and workers will be honor guests at a garden party given by the seventh ward Republican ‘organization Saturday evening at the home of Mr. and Mrs. John R. Wilson, 339 W. 13th st. All candidates and members of county and district-écommittees have been invited. Holsey C. Owsley will be general chairman assisted by H. Dale Brown, ward chairman,

" Baltic states.

of the French army, a Turkish ally, at the Turkish back door in Syria, would have serious consequences,

‘Two Men and a Boy’

Britain, Turkey's other ally under the Pact of Ankara, had only its proverbial “two men and a boy” in all the sprawling treacherous Middle East. And the Turks knew better than anybody else just how terrifyingly vulnerable the Balkans were to streamlined assault from. the North. When in April, 1941, the Germans swiftly overran southeéfstern Europe, brought up on Turkey’s frontiers, vaulted to Crete, inspired the revolt in Iraq and started aerial operations in Syria —simultaneously opening a. series of vicious and victorious campaigns in the desert—the Turks stood absolutely alone, They had, of course, promises. But they had witnessed the value of British and American promises of arms and men to Yugoslavia and- Greece. In the coming dark months they were to witness the breach of additional promises to these blasted Balkan countries, betrayal of their guerrilla leaders and governments-

---in-exile, the beginnings bf sur-

render to Russia on Polish terri= torial disputes, our dormouse-like attitude toward the problem of the . Military considerations, however,xwere uppermost.

* Nazis. Sought Bases

Berlin sought repeatedly through 1940 and 1041, with threats and entreaties, proniises and bluster, to secure luftwaffe bases in Anatolia, to secure passgge for Italian warships and naval auxiliary craft through the Dardanelles, to rupture the Anglo-Turkish-French chrome accord and seize sa monopoly upop chrome ore from Anatolia. The Turks said no. They continued to say no, through the superlatively adept Numan Menemencioglu, the foreign office genius, and his military steering committee, politely but definitely. Reichambassador Franz Von Papen, the vastly overrated ex-. chancellor, brandished the menace of the luftwaffe and wehrmacht.

No Military Answer

Foreign Minister Menemencioglu had no military answer. The Turkish army, tough and willing, could muster less than half a million poorly equipped fighting men, a handful of ancient war planes, a few creaking Renault tanks, virtually no artillery, little or rio motor transport, precious little rail transport—and only the incredibly bad roads and semi-single-track railroads of treacherous Anatolia upon which to operate it. So Menemencioglu out-talked and outmaneuvered Papen — and pleaded earnestly with Britain and the United States for the war materials we had promised. Russian power diplomacy set in. Moscow, panicky at German advances along the entire eastern front, screamed for a second front and when it was not forthcoming Russian wrath descended upon Ankara. The Turks firmly declined to open diversionary hostilities with Germany, operations which then could only have been disastrous for the allied cause, Apply Pressure Britain, too, was pressing for Turkish entry into the war, U. 8. Ambassador Laurence Steinhardt received instructions to apply pressure upon Turkey and he followed orders—although he quietly

1 THURSDAY, AUGUST 10, 1044

Turkey’ ...By RAY BROCK

PAGE 19.

thoroughly, both on the political

RAY BROCK, ace reporter, knows Turkey and the Middle East

correspondent for the New York Times, he was bombarded in Bel. grade, witnessed the Balkan collapse, covered campaigns in Crete, Syria, Iraq and Persia, and reported the Tehran and Cairo conferences. To learn why Turkey had to hesitate before breaking with the Nazis, let Ray Brock tell you in this article,

and military fronts. As foreign

Lend-lease armaments have helped to build ‘a modern army for

Turkey.

Here Lt, Col. Bruno Marchi, shows an American .30 caliber

machinegun to a military mission headed by Gen. Selih Omurtak, center, second in command of the Turkish army,

pointed out to the state department that our lend-lease aid to Turkey was far below quota, Unimpeachable diplomatic sources in the Middle East confirmed to the writer that Turkey at length had agreed in December to break off relations with Germany upon last Feb. 17—provided our arms quotas were fulfilled. When further pressure failed, we petulantly stopped all arms shipments to the Turks. Yet the Turks continued to supply us with invaluable meteorological data on the Balkans, and other secret military intelligence imperative to aerial and naval operations in the eastern Mediterranean and southeastern Europe. At length—and only this phase of this report is apochryphal— Allied staff chiefs themselves decided to fulfill’ the Turkeh arms’ quotas.

Someone pointed out that the”

central powers’ real collapse in world war I began with the col= lapse of Bulgaria. And Bulgaria lies in grave disquiet upon Ture key's western frontiers, The enemy-occupied islands of the Dodecanese and Aegean, stepping. stones into the Balkans; lie within rifle-shot off Turkey's southern and eastern coastlines, Big, modern Turkish airdromes lie within one and two hours’ fly= ing time of enemy capitals in the Balkans, Today the pitiful Turkish army which barred Hitler from the highroad to Middle East in 1940, 41, 42 and 43, stands 1,000,000 strong—well armed, tough, eager. There is another 1,000,000-man po= tential. The Turks have tanks, They still have little air power, but their bases are big and plentiful and the U. 8. and Britain now

have a superabundance. of war .- -

planes.

ADM. ‘MOON BURIED IN ALLIED TERRITORY

KOKOMO, Ind. Aug. 10 (U.P.).— The navy department informed Mrs. Ernest Duckwall of Bunker Hill today that her son, Rear Adm. Don P. Moon of Kokomo, who taok his life, was buried in allied territory until cessation of hostilities. Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal announced that Moon apparently was suffering from battle fatigue after participating in the attack on the Cherbourg peninsula as a task force gommander.

Up Front With Mauldin

WAR ANALYSIS— | Eisenhower Moves to France To Speed Up Command Action

By LUDWELL DENNY Scripps-Howard Foreign Correspondent

10—~The fact that Gen. Eisenhower has

WASHINGTON, -Aug.

responsibility for all strategy and all big decisions. The only thing that has kept, him in England since D-day has been the unwillingness of his associates and others to let him risk himself on a small beachhead,

Plenty of Risk Of course there is plenty of risk now, though it will not be so great if others can restrain his personal fearlessness. Eisenhower's presence in France is required by the size and speed of the operation. The pace is so fast that often our forward teams of tanks and armored infantry are out of touch with divisional headquarters. When their delayed reports are received, it is imperative that the time required for ifformation to flow through corps and army Souvnanie to supreme headquarters be duced to a minimum, The need for faster command action is all the greater because changing supply lines and newly

forces requires over-all deccisions. * Four Nations in Fight

moved his headquarters to France is good news. assumed that after the allied beachhead was extended to a large front he would be there. Even before the break-through in Normandy he made frequent trips there from England for inspections. That is as it should be. He is the supreme commander, carrying the

It has always been

ih .the Mediterranean theater he had proved a rare leader of allies of many nations. He is proving it again today in France. With the American capture of the port of St. Malo in the north, Nantes on the Loire, and the" big

rail hub of Le Mans in the center,

and with the Canadian breakthrough on the left, allied supreme headquarters announced that “the battle of Paris” hag begun. ? We are glad Eisenhower is direoting it in person.

HOLD EVERYTHING