Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 1 July 1943 — Page 9
FUER BF BW WEN OW BAAD YONGE Es
a
THURSDAY, JULY 1, 1048
‘One World’
By Wendell L. Willkie
(Continued from Page One)
® about the size of the average farm in Rush county, Indiana # § #
Farm Owns 800 Head
EACH OF the 55 families on the farm was allowed to own one gow: the scraggly herd, consisting Of every known mixture as to breed, grazed together on a eommon near a cluster of small houses in which the families 1ived. But the collectivist farm itself owned 800 head of cattle, 250 of them cows, of excellent stock and all well cared for. The manager was the czar of the farm. He was a man of scientific agricultural training, alert and assured. He planned the crops ahd directed the work. Every man, woman and child on the Place was under his authority. He, in turn, was responsible fof the success of the projects and for the production of the farm's Quota in the war economy. He would rise in power and Ih status if he succeeded: his punishment would be severe if He failed. This farm, like most of the collective farms of Russia, rented its tractors and mechanical equipment from government-owned Machine. stations, and. payment vas made from the farm's harvest fot in rubles but in kind, Then the farm had to pay taxes, which constitute almost a rental payment to the government, also in kind.
» » 5 Crops Distributed THE BALANCE of each harvest was distributed to the members of the farm on the basis of how many “workdays” each had aeccumulated 8n the records. What each member received in ‘his final distribution of the harvest could be traded for manu. factured goods at a small store on the farm property, or it could be sold. I learned later that this farm was somewhat above the average in physical equipment. But it was run much like 250,000 other collective farms in the Soviet Union. And I began to realize how the collective farms constituted the very backbone of tesistance. . . . One night in chance to check thinking and emotion into the Soviet press. The American newspaper men there gembled a group of Soviet writers and turned us loose in a big room with food and drink and interpreters, but no officials, and let me ask the questions I wanted, with no holds barred,
I had a kind of that goes
Moscow
the
as=-
= os
Attitude Uncompromising
AMONG THOSE present were |
Bimonov, a dour-faced young ‘Russian who is author of the play, “Russian People,” and the inmost popular newsman in the Soviet today. Two things deserve to be reported. The first was what I can only call a quality of intransigence, Those fellows were uncompromising, Train a man from ‘boyhood in a system of absolut-
| surprised at
Russia's tough |
| down
fsm, and he will think In blacks and whites. For example, I asked Simonov, just returned from Stalingrad, whether or not the German prisoners taken on that front made the same poor and shabby impressfon I had gotten from Germans I had interviewed a few days before on the Rzhev front. My question was translated inte Russian, But there was no answer. Someone else picked up the ball and carried it. After living for a few weeks with interpreters, vou learn to be nothing. So I repeated the question, Again, there
| was no answer.
2 ” »
Finally Gets Ahswer
THIS TIME I waited until the conversation had come full cycle on itself and reached a pause. I asked the question a third time. Gen. tenatiev, a courtly and cosimopolitan gentleman and the only Russian present, by the way, who spoke a little English, finally answered me: “Mr. Willkie, it is only natural that vou should not understand. When this war began, we all sought ott German prisoners. We cross-examined them. We wanted to find out why they had come to invade our land. “We found out many interesting things about the Germans, and about what the Nazis had done to them. “But now it is different. Since the offensive last winter, when we pushed the Germans back and recaptured many towns and villages they had taken, we feel differently “We have seen with our own eves what the Germans did to our people and our homes. Today, no decent Soviet newspaperman would talk to a German, even in a prison camp.” Or take another example, I had been suggesting for a few days, adroitly as I could, would be a good move for Soviets to send Dmitri Shostakovich, their great composer, to the United States on a visit,
as
f § #4 Need Understanding THE NIGHT BEFORE, I had in the packed Tchaikovsky hall, Moscow's great concert buildand listened his Seventh symphony “We have got each other,” I said, “We have got to learn to know each other. We are allies in this war, and the Anterican people will not let you until Hitler has been de-
[at
ing, to
to understand
feated “But I would like to see us work together in the peace and after it This will require great patience
| and great tolerance and great un-
derstanding on both sides
“Why can't Shostakovich be sent to the United States where
| he already has a host of admirers |
and where he could help immeasurably in this job of understand-
ing that we both face?” It was Simonov who answered
me this time,
that it |
the | | generation hangs in
! at Stalingrad tonight.
| have
| for
Merit Medal
7
ERE SAE hi ‘of A new U. 8, medal is the Legion of Merit, awarded to members of the armed forces for exceptionally meritorious conduct in performance of outstanding services. It is rated between the Silver Star and the Distinguished Service Medal.
"Mr Willkie, understanding works both ways. We have always tried to learn about Amerfea. We have borrowed a lot from
yout and sent our best men to study in America.
“We know something about your country, not as much as we would like to, but enough to understand why you extend this invitation to Shostakovich. “You should send some of your good men to study us. Then you would understand why, perhaps, we do not respond warmly to the invitation.
» ” »
Lives in Balance
"YOU SEE, we are engaged in a life-and-death struggle, Not only our own lives, but the idea which has shaped our lives for a the balance
“To Suggest to us that we should send a musician to the United States, which is also involved in this war and where hye man lives also hang in the bal ance, to persuade vou with musie of something that is as plain as the nose on yvour face, is in a funny way insulting to us. Please don’t misunderstand me.” I don't think I misunderstood him The second quality of the evening which deserves reporting was
| one of calm, quiet, confident pride | and patriotism.
It is hard for us Americans, who read more horror stories Russia than anything else many years, to realize that a generation is running the Soviet Union today which knows its own
about
{ strength.
I was to be immensely im-
pressed with this later, in central |
Asia and in Siberia. It is a quality which I have often khown in America, especially in the West. NEXT-—Visit with Stalin, The Register & Tribute Syndicate,
2
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\ 3
LJ
NSATION
JAPS AT CENTER AREN'T CODDLED
THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES
coffee and meat were below the standards later established. is held to rationing limits, though it is raised by svaciiee help.
pering, particularly when it is re-
PAGE 9
finds no fault. They are anxious
membered that these are not|pected to respect, and who are crimifials or even suspects. Ine [suffering economic Injuries that|/to be permitted to get out and deed, for the most part, they are may well prove to bes irreparable |begin re-establishing themselves citizens who—however necessar-| On the other hand, every eliort|as quickly as possible. But so long ily—-have been deprived of rights|is beihg made to give them every|as they reman in sémi-detention, guaranteed under the constitution possible break, and the averapge|they feel that they are being they have been taught and ex-|Nisel with whom I have talked|treated humanely and fairly.
Pork
the camp with
This does not seem like pam-
Provide Own Comforts at Jerome on Income of $16 a Month,
By 8. BURTON HEATH Times Special Writer JEROME, Ark, July 1.—The feel-| ing has been voiced by some mem-
bers of congress that JapaneseAmericans in relocation camps are being pampered. But conditions at this center refute that suspicion. The 8000 evacuees live in armytype wooden barracks in a swampy area that proved unusable for rural resettlement farming. Each building is divided "into six rooms, of which two are 22x20 feet, two more are 20 feet square, and the other two are 16x20 feet. Each family) occupies one room, The smallest rooms are supposed | to accommodate three persons, the| medium-size rooms four persons. | and the largest rooms five or more persons
Have Few Furnishings
|
Bach room is provided with a wood-burning stove, a metal army § cot with mattress pad and blankets There {8 a single electric light in the center of the room. That is all, There are no tables, chairs, dressers or other furnishings. Families that need more must provide it for themselves. The government will pay transportation charges on their own furniture, but only one way, and this camp is supposed to be merely temporary, There are 12 such barracks in each block, plus a mess hall which seats 250 persons; a combination & bath house, toilet and laundry (house; a recreation hall unfurnished [except for what the evacuees provide for it.
Food Cost Is Low
Food ig provided at an outlay of from 35 to 40 cents daily per person, (The army allowance is 65 cents a man) There are a nursery, a grade 3 school and a well- equipped standard field hospital, all of which are | operated largely by evacuees under
staff. Nobody is | Food, shelter
required to work and hospitalization
clothing aland when all mem-
work receive monthly lowances of £3.50 each; heads of families work, bers of their families lowances graduated down each for children.
Most Choose to Work
to $2
There has been ample work for © have &
jall who wanted it, and most chosen to take jobs. Common labor receives $12 a month. average evacuee worker is paid (#18 a month, and one out of eight is rated as professional or supervisory — doctors, dentists, nuises [teachers and key office workers fand is paid $19 a month. | One complaint has been about the amount of food provided [or evacuees at a western camp. Whatever may have been the situation there, at Jerome rationing rules are respected, and even before rationing the allowances of
/4
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