Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 23 June 1943 — Page 11

oosier Vagabond

SOMEWHERE IN. AFRICA (By Wireless), ~You know me when I get started traveling—I just. can’t ever seem. to stop. - So I came. back to North Africa from the tropies by the longest possible route I could : find—via Egypt. It’s -a long haul. It takes you clear

across Africa, down the Nile, and -

- hack ‘along the whole Mediter-. ranean shore. It takes you into parts of ‘deepest Africa that few . Americans had ever seen before this war. It makes you realize more than ever how completely global, poking into the farthest and tiniest recesses, this war real- + JY 38s vant Nearly. everywhere you ‘go you find some Américan , from > mere handfuls up into the thou- "+ Jsands. They are not fighting troops, they are the ‘bufiders and maintainers of airdromes, who sort of catch our multitudes of airplanes and toss them on to the next station on their long aul from America to ‘Russia, India and China. ~The men who staff these remote landing fields up down. Africa live ga ‘strange and almost unconteivable kind of ‘existence. They are completely divorced from life as they knew it back home, and from the war, and from all normal associations with people of their. own kind. And yet, because of the airplane and the radio, they keep. in: close mental touch with the world, : ‘

Eemily Comes With Hotde.

AT ONE, certain field our men have built a big permanent camp. , Overnight transients are assigned to wooden cots in open barracks. There is only one white woman—a British nurse— within 200 miles. All gasoline has to be trucked 375 miles from the end of the nearest. railroad. "And yet things aren't so bad. Listen— - : Beautiful Arabian horses. abdéund. here. Before the Americans came, you could buy one for $20. Now the price has gone up to $50, but evén so you've got & horse that would cost you $500 ‘or: $1000 back home. - There are 173 Americans in’ this camp, and 50 of them own their own horses.

F orced Savings

(Lowell Nusshsum dis on vacation. This is the third of six articles on the subjess, of compulsory “lending to the government.) WASHINGTON, June 323- 23.—~Compulsory saving by every taxpayer, as one of the best remaining ways to help pay for the war, curb inflation and create a cushion against a post-war, depression, is being ad¥ocated here again as the time approaches for con-

gress ‘to consider a .new revenue .

bill... Debate over the proposal may finally assume the proportions of the recent national discussion of the Ruml plan. There are several names . for. this taxing-saving device to bring more money into the treasury; “co ulsory saving,” “enforced - saying,” * “forced lending,” and some: might even call it a form of “conscription of wealth,” except that no capital levy is involved. These names, all of which mean compelling people to do certain things with their money, might be unpleasant to some individualistic "American ears. idea behind the scheme will appeal to mdry. ‘NIn making up their minds about it, taxpayers wa congress will know that ‘compulsory saving” - “forced loans” or “enforced saving” means. the dit.

ference between receiving, in return for money paid |

into'the treasury, a useless tax receipt, and receiving a government bond that can be cashed in after the war.

Victory Tax Is Example

. BASICALLY, THE proposals’ mean requiring every tarpaver to turn a certain sum into the treasury at stated intervals, receiving in return a non-interest-bearing ‘government bond, or some other government promise to pay, covering all or part of the money

paid

England »

" LONDON, June 23 (By Wireless) —The mood in

England appears to be moving in favor of a hard peace, following up the “unconditional surrender”

stipulated at Casablanca. The best indication of that

the action of the Labor party conference in adopt~ ; ing strong resolutions which in

effect hold - the majority of “the.

German people responsible for allowing the Nazis to gain and hold power. ) . After the last war ‘tliore appeared what a diplomatic friend of - mine in Washington. calls the’

“dear darlings” attitude toward

defeated Germany. With Italy we seem to have ‘taken the line that the Italian people have been Hat captive by Mussolini against their will, and that we are really allied with them in trying to smash his regime. There appears to be very little tendency to take such a line with Germany. The action of the Labor party conference in Britgin would seem to clinch the movement in this, countoward Vansittartism, which is the British name r advocacy of a hard peace.

British Favor Hard Policy

. 1 FEEL warranted in saying that government quarters here feel there can be no weakening in the Casablanca unconditional surrender position, and that won't everi make an effort to drive a wedge between fitler and the German people but will hammer the ‘Whole business until all is quiet. This is contrary to the policy pursued by Woodrow Wilson last time; also to the feeling of some private individuals that such an attitude as is being taken Ww gives no opportunity for encouraging a crack in e German home front.

a=

Yet the :

i By Ernie Pyle

* Down thers “when you buy a horse you don't ust buy a horse. You-.also buy (all included. in the $50) the, bridle, the. hiatiket, the saddle, the horseboy, and the horseboy’s whole: family! : Our men have: built a big three-sided barn. On

and saddles are kept. Along the other side the horseboys and their families live.

A horseboy does nothing ‘whatever except feed|

‘and care for your horse, It’s his craft. You wouldn't

think of asking him to do anything else. He sticks

with that horse as long &s the horse lives, and if he doesn't like the- new gwner,. professional ethics make him stick with you regardless. And are you wondering shout the upkeep of an Arabian horse and horseboy. and the horseboy’s whole family? Well, I raised that question and ‘discovered

that the’ total cost of feed for the horse, pay for the] boy and food for his whole family is—10 ‘cents a day.

Horsemen, here’s your paradise.

Never Heard of Japan

THE COMMANDING officer of this place, Lt. George Hester of Tubac, Ariz, was telling me about a recent conclave of chiefs, a sort of annual review climaxed by a parade of 5000 horsemen. As commandant, Lt. Hester was asked to sit with the big chief and review the parade. He says it was one of the most moving sights he had ever seen. The harses were flamboyantly decked out, some of them in red velvet pants, and a thousand of the 5000 ‘horsemen wore coats of mail that had been handed down right from the day of the Crusaders. These people dead in the heart of Africa know

litte about what goes on in the world. The average

native knows vaguely that there is a war on, but he can’t conceive of its proportions because he actually doesn’t know how big the world is. His conception of the allies is merely that England is big and America generous. He knows little about the oceans. He knows roughly that America is somewhere west and

‘Cairo somewhere east, near Mecca. He has never|

heard of Japan. I think TARE: he’s got something there,

By Marshall McNeil

There are numerous varianis of the idea. One, indeed, is now in effect in the victory tax. Basically, however, all ‘are the same in that they are aimed at increasing the government's revenue when the government’s needs are great, and at curbing inflation by sopping up excess earnings. . The president said in his ‘January budget message: “I believe that we should strive to collect not less than 16 billion dollars of additional funds by taxation, savings, or both, during the fiscal year 1944. » © Fiscal "44 begins next July 1. The president did: not say how much: should be raised by taxes, nor how much by borrowing. But lately Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau suggested that the greater part should be collected in new taxes, Congress is not likely to be happy about this suggestion, unless all or part of the new taxes are made - refundable. : Billions of dollars’ worth of war bonds are now being purchased in the treasury’s voluntary sales campaigns. Millions of employees have joined “10 per cent clubs,” allocating a tenth of their gross pay for war bonds.

Fall Short of Success

| BUT WHILE this practice has been widespread, “the voluntary sales campaign has fallen short of success. Too many war honds are being sold to banks, too few to individuals. : Mr. Morgenthau showed the increasing importance of draining off more excess purchasing power from individuals when, a few days ago, he recommended that instead of 10 cents, people spend 25. cents out of every dollar they earn for war bonds. It’s a good idea, for the country as well as the taxpayers, but the chances are that no appreciable number of persons will buy war bonds at such a rate voluntarily. Such a goal, many believe, can only be approached through some sort of forced saving.

NEXT: Congress Opens the Way.

“By Raymond Clapper

- allied. vengeance talk, to frighten the German people

into ‘clinging to Hitler as their only protection from implacable allied fury. When blood pressure is reduced from thé foregoing attitude, a somewhat more realistic judgment .comes out, namely, that no matter what we say now ‘in the heat of war anger, the most difficult thing will ‘be to keep the democracies to any kind of consistent policy toward Germany after the war. i Everybody will want to. return home. *

Forcible Education Is Out SOME OF the more thoughtful people of influence

re-education of Germany will be a most trying one for the democracies. In the first place, some of the Nazis’ neighbors, such as Czechoslovakia, Poland and the Netherlands, have old scores to pay off and do not want too much interference from the big powers in going about it. They consider themselves as having first claim. In other words, they ‘are not particularly pleased over the prospect of large squads of American military administrators, trained .in the army's Charlottesville school, taking over on the continent. - Furthermore, the question of what is to be taught in the German schools is a matter of practical difficulty. Obviously it is not desirable that the oncoming generation of Germans should use Nazi textbooks written by our side. We cannot make them believe such books. One suggestion that ie meeting favor here is that Swiss textbooks be used. Switzerland has been neutral for many years. Her. textbooks in German would be usable now without problems of translating. No argument of unfairness would be possible from the German point of view. These sare questions that must be decided’ within the coming year, because the day is not too far off when the victors will actually have to decide what to do about the defeated Germans in countless respects.

By: Eleanor Roosevelt

1 every one who could went on bicycles and

ell walking trips, it might keep some of the places which

. one ‘side’ are: the horses’ stalls. At the, end the feed| :

here are convinced that the problem of the so-called}.

134.17;

: Defeats In Russie Turn the Italians

Against 'Supermen’

IX—RUSSIAN WAR CAUSES AXIS FRIGTION

Reynolds a cup of tea.

to speak but did not know how to begin.

THE LITTLE old lady with cotton-white hair brought She acted as though she wanted

There were no

other customers in the place, as it has just opened its doors

for the late Sunday afternoon business.

It was a faded,

box-like Russian tearoom in Rome. Finally, as Reynolds, also seeking a conversational

down her reserve and said:

opening, asked for a second cup of tea, the old lady broke

“What do you think of the news? Isn't it wonder-

ful?”

same day.

It was the afternoon of June 22, 1941. Germany and Italy had declared war on Soviet Russia at.5:30 a. m. that

Reynolds told her that he was a newspaperman and

had come to her shop to get the reaction, if possible, of the White Russian colony in Rome.

“Oh, yes,” she said. “I'm

“Would you say that most of the-Russians in Italy are as pleased with the news as you seem to be?”

m sure we are all pleased. My

Russian friends have been on the phone all day telling me how happy they are at the prospect of being able to return

to our homes soon.” The optimism of the

White Russians in Rome, as we found out later that night: in the Foreign Press club, was only a reflection of axis wishful thinking. After we had sent off thousands of words that evening about the Italian angle of the Rome-Berlin declaration of war on Russia, we went down to the press bar, which was blanketed by German correspondents. : Even ‘Baron von Langen, whom all the American cdrrespondents called “sourpuss,” was making a Prussian simulation of good-fellowship. He even offered to buy us two beers, but when we told him we were drinking whiskies, the invitation was * conveniently lost in the hubbub. “We Germans will be in Moscow before snow falls,” von Langen said, “but we won't be leaving

again in the middle of winter the

way Napoleon did.” Fritz Alwens, of the Volkischer Beobachter, said: “After the way the Finns held the Russians, you can imagine how our mechanized armies are going to crash through those Soviet moujiks.” # s 8

Italians Join In

THE ITALIAN reaction to the new war was less boisterous than

the German, but it was nevertheless favorable. We found “the restaurant where we ate dinner full of people. They were talking loudly and enthusiastically about the “crusade against the Bolsheviks.” The consensus seemed to be that the Germans would do most of the fighting; that the Nazi armies would quickly crush the “abominable Reds”; and that the British, realizing the folly of trying to continue a war against such ‘a strong team of opponents, would then make peace.’ : Aside from thinking that the invasion of Russia would be com-

“Times “Special WASHINGTON, June 23.—

they heard would never get them was surprised: to hear a Georgian drawl that they’d neither see nor hear the mosquitos which would give them malaria.

That southern doughboy was not so familiar with war, but he knew all about malaria-carrying mosquitoes which give no such warming as the familiar dive-bombing variety from the buzz-and-swat school. And since the fever-infested mosquito is exclusively a night attacker, he isn’t even seen. Although 17 of our southern states know malaria too well, it is

Per Geni of Gui *oops dn. iropieal

i 3

hii %

hh i g hk '

it

pamtively easy, Hitler and Muse

solini believed that it was a necese

sary preliminary to eventual attack on the British Isles. Having come to distrust Stalin because of the encroachments the Soviets had made in the Baltic, Rumania, and Finland — encroachments coinciding with periods during which the axis was occupied elsewhere— Hitler and Mussolini felt sure that, once they became engaged in an all-out attack against England, the Russians would move more deeply into Europe. And Hitler and Mussolini realized there was no chance to make any other than an all-out attack on the British Isles. They had al-

ready been disappointed at the re--

sult of the mass bombings of England during the late summer and early fall of 1940. At the time the Russian war started, most of the other American. correspondents in Rome egreed with us that Hitler and Mussolini counted on victory béfore the snows set in. They pl to carry out postwar reconstruction in Russia during the winter, on one hand, and simultaneously prepare for the invasion of England in the west, these preparations to be completed before spring. The operations against England would then start as soon as the weather was favorable for a trans-channel attack and would be brought to a finish or a nearfinish ° before the usual bad channel -conditions of late September could interfere with axis plans. ~ It was a roseate picture that the two dictators painted for themselves. The war was to end in only a little more than a year. Mussolini’s first speech in connection with the Russian war was

made on July 29 at Mantua. The speech ‘was in ‘the form of a personal farewell addressed to a small unit of hand-pitked Black

When Hitler visited Italy, 30,000 ‘Italian soldiers passed in review down the Triumphal Way before Hitler, Mussolini and King Emmanuel. This impressive view of the event, through one of Rome’s ancient arches; did not portend the loss of fallh An tha chief “superman” soon

to come to the people of Haly.

Shirts departing for the Soviet front. Mussolini said: “For 20 years, the people of Europe have been agitated by this alternative, this ironclad dilemma, ‘fascism or bolshevism, ‘Rome or

Moscow. The clash of two worlds

which we have willed and which -we have instilled in our revolutionary squadrons during years long past has, received its epilog.” . £8 8 8

Resent Nazis

THE GERMAN correspondents at the Stampa Estera were more than a little amused at the duce’s saying that :“the choice lay: between Rome and Moscow,” as if Berlin -did. not exist. “Mussolini is good: at fighting a war with words,” Von Langen said. ‘The strength of the Russian resistance was a real shock to the Italian public. With the German failure to win in the course of a single summer, the average Italian began ‘to. feel for the first time that perhaps the Germans were not invincible, after all. “This realization brought a mixed - reaction. Unreasonably

an :

nA et 5 Pe Fy enough, although the Ttd tributed practically nothing toward the winning of the Russian campaign, they began to be angry at the Germans for not winning it single-handed, ‘and became caustic in their criticism-—only in private, of course—of German mili‘tary failures. At the same time, the conviction that the Germans .were not invineible brought a

kind of relief, because .it meant

that the Germans were not supermen and were capable of failures the same as the Italians. . The . attitude of Hitler toward Italian = co-operation from the very beginning of the ‘Russian war did much to make. the Italian ® people, and probably the fascist hierarchy as well, more angry than ever at the Nazis’ patronizing manner. The German point of view that Italians should be used mainly as troops of occupation, in order to release ‘more German soldiers for the front line, hurt Italian pride. The Russian war, which had " started off with such rejoicing in the Italian press, soon became one of the main causes of friction between the Germans and the Ital- * fans; not only between the peo-

. they demanded, ‘as always,

Wiilests «map of tite wotld baltiefonta agaist malaris, acknowledged: to “Be “more “dangerois ‘than “enemy bullets. Note that the areas of prevalence include all the fighting fronts of the war, except fhe. Aleutians, A huge government pool of quinine protects our-troops.

(centuries of its use, how quinine combats malaria, it’ long has been ‘as one of the few true of ‘medicine. It first ap-

Orought bask: 14 pounds ‘of ‘what Ledger ‘knew was the. choicest seed obtainable, . Bag when he sent, it to’ Englind

i*| for-sale, no one’ was interested, al-

though Britain had been’ trying fof

Of | ears to cultivate cinchona trees to

. Eventually, ‘ one long oun di ¢ Ledger’ ’S seed 3 71

collect{and from there ‘it

AN LEZ AC] 1/4

ples, but ‘etween the Fascist and Nazi lenders as well, Jncinding both Hitler and Mussolitii.

A

harder to play the part of the great dictator on the balcony of the Palazzo Venezia when Hitler was treating him not only as a very junior partner but rather as a spoiled child capable of tantrums, who needed placating from time to time. 2 The Italian has pride in many things. But above all there are two domains in which he is probably more sensitive than any other national in the world: they are love-making and fighting. ' In the three years that' we spent in Rome, we found nothing that would arouse an Italian to a battling state of mind than the insinuation that perhaps Italian men were not the best lovers in the world and that Italian soldiers were not keen about bullets and shells, Hitler, by his contemptuous attitude toward them in Russia, intensified their natural dislike of Germans into a manifest hatred.

: 8» = Signs of Hatred ‘WE COULD see this hatred wherever Italians and Germans met in Italy. In all the subtle ways of which only the Italian is capable, the Germans were snubbed. The Italian waiters in restaurants would take a long time to wait upon Germans, and would pretend that they did not hear the clucking and finger snapping of impatient German soldiers. On the busy streets, in which the

|. Italians loved: to meander with

slow-motion steps, the hurrying Germans found that no longer ‘would their Latin colleagues move aside when they came marching along in their usual double-quick. “Even in hotels, the Germans found it more and more difficult to obtain rooms. AL The Germans in turn were bes coming angry at the Italians be= cause of the way they were being treated. They couldn't put their finger on anything specific, so to take over this post or that ofice as a means to an end, and the fascist - authorities ii in ho

the bartender, was the victim, Von Langen felt that Rome was serving Americans faster and better than Germans. So Romeo was discharged on the basis that he had dirty hands, Reynolds went to von Langen and protested that Romeo was a good bartender and certainly was as clean and neat as most bartenders. “But you Americans,” von Langen said, “do not understand the hidden portent of words. By ‘dirty hands’ we mean something much worse. And if you try to : protect Romeo it will be all the worse for him.” The friction between- Italians and Germans which grew out of the Russian war paved the way for the creation of a huge group of Italian fifth columnists within Italy, numbering many millions; fifth columnists who were ready to rise up against Germany—and Mussolini, too—once they felt they had any chance of success. .

NEXT: Italians’ Apathy to War Propaganda.

Co yright, 1848. shard: Jubil

nate he. )

by Reynolds and Eleanor by oxford 4 University by Feature

Warring on the Yankee Soldier's ‘Deadlies Enemy—Mealaria

universal skepticism, to prove that they could grow cinchona trees in the East Indies. : How well they succeeded is shown by the fact that such trees yield nearly 12 per cent quinine from their bark, whereas other .trees

|| carefully nurtured in Jamaica, In-

diz and many other countries cus-

1{ tomarily yield only about 3 per’

cent.

PLAN GROTTO PARTY

Mis. L. J. Rost and Mrs. Robert. | Huls are chairmen of a card party

|i to be given by the Sahara Grotto

at 8 p. m. tomorrow at the Grotto ‘home, 4107 E. Washington ot. a

HOLD EVERYTHING

; [obtain ‘quinine », fight malaria Bi: | overseas.