Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 14 June 1943 — Page 4
| the very essence of liberty which
which now
SKS KEEPING OF REE INITIATIVE
Waring Tell New
Graduates.
‘CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va, June | 14 (U. P.).—Roane Waring, national commander of the American Legion, “ddmonished the graduating class of the University of Virginia to first win the war, and then keep Amerdca a land of free enterprise, free initiative, free decision and unJimited opportunities. ‘Speaking’ at an alumni association luncheon Saturday, Waring . fold the newest graduates of the university founded by THomas Jef- . ferson, that in “our zeal to win the | war we must be careful lest we
2 lost permanently many of our - democratic principles and, thereby,
we are fighting to preserve.” . “Ours is a capitalistic system of | government,” Waring said, defining capitalism as the system that recognizes private enterprise and per- . sonal endeavor and “insures the daboring man a job and not a dole.” This form of government, he said, has permitted an industrial growth . “enables ‘the United States to become the arsenal of the
Balcony Empires
Duce, Not Ita lian People, Declared War
(Continued from Page One)
IT WAS IN THE Starapa Estera at 8:05 p. m., Dec. 10, 1941, that we had the first definite indication, amounting almost to official confirmation, that Mussolini would line up with Japan and declare war against the United
States the following day.
The correspondents gathered around the bar had all been discussing the probabilities for and against the axis’ coming to the aid of Japan under the tripartite pact and most of the correspondents, including ourselves, fully be-
lieved the axis would soon be at war with America.
For
one thing, it was rather reliably reported that Mussolini would speak from the balcony of the Palazzo Venezia the
next day, and this was such a rare occurence that it usually presaged an announcment: of great importance. = While the talk was going on, the Japanese correspondents sat at a table a few feet away, drinking americanos and pretending not to listen. If they listened openly, they might hear Japan insulted and be forced to take some action. It was better to seem not to hear. As the pros and cons flew back and forth, the Nazi gauleiter of all the German correspondents in Italy, Baron Wolfgang von Langen, came up to the bar and ordered a beer. When he heard the conversation, he turned to us
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with that half-joking, half-hostile manner he always used with Americans (after each new Roosevelt pronouncement against Hitler, he always stopped speaking to Americans for exactly three days), and said, “If we do not declare war, I think the Americans will be greatly disappointed. They seem to want it.”
® # »
No More Phone Calls
THEN AN USHER came up and said, “Signor Direttore Packard is wanted on the telephone.” The direttore merely meant manager of the Rome bureau of the United Press. Italians are very punctilious about using all one’s titles, if any.
Reynolds went to the phone. When he came back, there was a certain suppressed excitement in his step. He annoupced to everyone present: “One of my staff has just informed me that the ministry of popular culture has phoned to say that American correspondents cannot send any more cables or make any long-distance calls.” “That means they. have decided on war,” a Hungarian correspondent said somberly. “That fits in with all the other indications we've had. Looks as though the lid is going to blow off tomorrow.” Feeling more and more excited every moment with the sense of tremendous events rushing toward us, we returned to the Stampa Estera bar. The manner of the Germans had changed perceptibly since we left. They accorded us that cold courtesy with which the Heidelberg student faces his opponent with bared saber the moment before the seconds give the duelists the signal to start. The Japanese giggled foolishly in the background. We gathered up the companions with whom we had previously arranged to have dinner and went to one of our favorite restaurants.
” ” ”
A Toast to America
THE HEADWAITER, who knew us, showed surprise as we entered. He quickly recovered himself, however, and led us to a corner alcove, “This has the advantage,” he said in stilted English, “of not being too conspicuous. Tomorrow the fascists may come and remember that you were here tonight and that we were friendly to you.” He wore the party badge himself, yet he talked about the fascists as though he were no part of them. After he finished taking our order, he said: “You, too, have heard that the Duce will declare war on America tomorrow? It is terrible. It is the end of business for us. It is the end of everything for Italy.” At the end of thie meal, he came over to us and whispered, “Will you have a bottle of champagne on the house? A sort of farewell present to our American friends.” We told him we would. rather have Strega, as it was more fitting that we should drink farewell to Rome with liquore italiano. He personally served us the drinks and then, clinking glasses “all around, said in a low voice: “Here's to America! May you return soon.” : The next morning we had breakfast served to us with tears. The Italian cook and maid, as well as the portiera of the apartment house in which we lived, came into our bedroom with coffee and bootleg eggs. They wanted to know if it were true that Mussolini was going to declare war on the United States. Why did he want to do that? Americans were such sympathetic people, and America was where all good Italians went when they left Italy. How would they ever find such generous people to work for afteg the Americans were gone?
” ”
Il Duce Speaks
WE WENT TO THE office, and Reynolds paid the salaries to date of all the employees. Many of the Italian staffers and office boys turned their heads away as they shook hands with us. They were embarrassed at the tears that welled in their eyes. Out in the street, people were already beginning to converge upon the Palazzo Venezia. At 1 p. m. we locked up the office and went out to see what was taking place. Thousands upon thousands of people, many of them in Black Shirt uniforms, were walking in groups down the middle of the Corso Umberto. Besides banners and standards, many of them carried obscene cartoons of President Roosevelt
s
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‘Mussolini pops out on the balcony
INDIANAPOLIS TIMES
‘MONDAY, JUNE 14, 1943
and the paid Fascist claques roar:
“Duce! Duce! Duce!”
and our first lady. The favorite Fascist phrase, “Down with PlutoDemocracy,” was emblazoned on hundreds of banners. Only people wearing black shirts, however, carried these insults, Soon Mussolini popped out on the balcony, and the paid Fascist claques let out a roar of “Duce! Duce! Duce!” Mussolini, who had decreed that all press photographers must photograph him from below knee-high level in order to give the impression of height, looked smaller than ever. And like a man suffering from a dwarf complex, he tried to look fierce and mimicked his own conception of a war lord. Between each sentence, he paused lengthily and gave the professional cheering squad an opportunity to arouse the people. In front of each group of claques was a loud-speaker that amplified the applause and cheering tenfold. Over the radio, it must have made an impressive sound; but to us, who could see motionless hands and lips on all sides, the noise seemed as unreal as offstage sound effects breaking in at the wrong time. Certainly, most of the people we saw didn’t find anything in the speech that warranted ac-
clamation. ” ” ”
Protest With Silence
It was war against the United States, where most of them had relatives, and it was a glorification of the Japanese, whom the Fascist press some years before had, on Mussolini's orders, referred to as a menace to the white race. : 50,000 people started dispersing before the pre-arranged applause and shouts of “Duce! Duce! Duce!” ‘had come to an end. We estimated that, of those 50,000 people, at least 40,000 refrained from any show of approval. Here, beyond doubt, was a silent protest—the first open protest against an act by the Duce that we had ever seen during our three years in Fascist Italy. But, we agreed, it was not the sort of protest that would over-
throw the Fascist regime. It was
a passive, voiceless protest. Here was fascism in the Italy of today —one man telling 50,000 people that he is doing the very thing they object to, and they listen in silence and return to their homes or their offices and grumble cautiously among themselves. We turned automatically toward the office and accidentally bumped into Prince Popoff from the Foreign Press club. “You have heard,” he said, in a most impersonal tone, “that the Italian police are. arresting all the American correspondents.” “Grazie,” we chorused, and dived into a taxicab. “To the American Embassy. Presto,” we directed, and sat back to grope for our bearings. As the cab weaved its way slowly through a tangle of streets, we thought back on the early days of fascism. There were domestic reforms, many of them, that Mussolini had made which were not to be passed over lightly by the student of sociology. Yet he was responsible for the present debacle. : » 8 ”
Dated Back to Ethiopia
HE WAS THE ONE who had declared war on England and stabbed France in the back. Yet even before then, fascist action had been cast into a definite military line by the steel pact of 1939; and that, too, was merely a followup of the Italo-German co-opera-tion in Spain. When he decided to help Franco, Mussolini abandoned one of the principles of his earlier days as dictator—fascism is not for export. During that conflict, .the Duce imparted to fascism an ine ternational character. : But Italian participation in Spain was a direct aftermath of the Black Shirt campaign in
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Ethiopia. Yes, we agreed, it all went back to the days when Mussolini decided to invade Ethiopia. Then and there, he had set a course which inevitably carried him right through six years of history into the war against the United States. The fascist victory in Ethiopia was enough to make Mussolini think that he had tweaked the British lion’s tail and that he could henceforth pull it at will. He immediately conceived the idea of building up an anti-British bloc in Europe with the hope of extending the fascist empire overseas and developing fascist influence in Europe. There was only one other person in the.world at that moment who fitted in with his plans. He was Hitler. Hitler had already shown his friendship by giving Italy economic aid during the League of Nations sanctions period. And thus the axis was born, like some horror child, out of the womb of the Ethiopian war. (Copyright, 1942, by Revnolds and Eleanor Packard; published by Oxford
University Press, distributed by Unite Feature Syndicate, Inc). y
TOMORROW: Spain.” :
NIGHT OPERATION OF POOLS PROPOSED
Operation of municipal swimming pools 24 hours a day for war workers will be discussed at 2 p. m. tomorrow in the office of Harold Geisel, city recreation director. The pools now are closed at 10 p. m. Although the budget prevents expansion of the present staff of life guards, recreation directors in war
plants have indicated they may be able to take care of this, Mr. Geisel said today. Curbing of unnecessary noise during the proposed night sessions also will be discussed.
“Intervention in
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BOMBERS PROVE gy ny INVASION VALUE
many bombs as are lugged against the long-distance German targets. Leaders Believe We Can Blast Path Into
Thus the royal air force heavy bombers, which %are delivering more than 2000 tons of bombs in the Ruhr attacks, could deliver probably 16,000 tons every 24 hours against an invasion bridgehead — xy eight times heavier than the heaviest attacks the Germans have ‘yet Axi S H eart: felt. The same holds true for FlyBy HARRISON SALISBURY United Press .Staff Correspondent LONDON, June 14 (U. P.).—The last vestiges of doubt of the allies’ ability to blast their] way into Europe from the west and northwest have been shattered by the demonstration of air power in the
ing Fortresses. Mediterranean. This does not mean the allies are likely to take off for France, Norway or Holland tomorrow—or, as far as it appears now, at any time in the immediate future. "But it does mean the allies now are confident the air arm is capable of detonating the way through Nazi coastal defenses and plowing bomb furrows straight across Europe into the heart of the Reich.
Revise Invasion Plan
Allied strategists undoubtedly are revising and co-ordinating plans in the light of lessons learned in Tu-
pedusa by the airmen operating under Lt. Gen. Carl A. Spaatz. There is increasing belief that an allied generallissimo charged with integrating the many-sided offensive against Europe will be appointed soon. Speculation continues to center on Gen. George C. Marshall, U. S. chief of staff, with .Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower suggested as a possibility. The -allied air victories in the Mediterranean were achieved with what amounted to a second string airforce. It had only about a third of the-number of planes available to the first team based on the British Isles.
Four Trips a Day
For blasting an invasion path, operating on the short trans-chan-nel haul, each bomber could make three or four round trips every 24
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