Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 7 December 1942 — Page 5

8

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A YEAR OF WAR

soldiers in - New Guinea Fight Japs in and Above Jungles. By DON CASWELL

| United Press Staff Correspondent | SOMEWHERE IN NEW GUINEA,

de. T (U. P).—A year of war has t t t.

immed upside down the lives of ‘Jusands of average Americans lo are beating the Japanese in

} jungles of New Guinea, “but fy have learned to take it in side. | A year ago today, many of Gen. I uglas MacArthur's soldiers and a ators now battling the enemy, ‘0 New Guinea's north shores were c(7l miners, farmers, salesmen or pi-cetime pilots. War to them was a|2mote adventure. {Their families wouldn't recogni’ them now. The average Americgn fighter here is tanned, tough and a well-seasoned soldier. chiances are he already has fought th= Japanese in or above the steamin7 | jungles around Buna. ugel to danger, death and dust. Hid rations, hard work, hard beds, mi cquitoes, fliers and blisters are evi ryday matters to him. some of his pals have been killed or, wounded but he knows this is w r land some people must be killed. | lunched today with Capt. Clr istian Petri Jr., of Cleveland, O., colmander of a unit of Douglas Bo:fon A-20’s and one of the oldest vet-rans of the New Guinea campajza. We came to the Australian th¢ater on the same convoy last Jaiary, and reminisced. about the sul marine scares we had on that trip. |

‘Scared Easy’

“Cosh,” Petri said, “we scared aw(il easy in those days, didn't

Ere was a field control officer at Savannah, Ga., the day war broke out | . “We called all the planes to base an had the damndest traffic jam you, dver saw,” he related. “I kept holl-ting, ‘get on the ground— theicls war on!” I didn’t know any In the early days of the|lew Guinea fighting, we fought our vay into airdromes and fought our vay out. We sometimes would hav{ [10 zeroes on our tail before we {ould get our wheels up.” I drove in a galloping jeep to an airfizd and found several fliers fron: the big Consolidated B-24 Lib¢rator bombers lounging in the shade of one of their ships after comjeting another of their daring raid. Cq-pilot 2d Lieut. William Sheat, 25, df Aberdeen, Minn., was a salesman for a power company a year ago.| He entered training in January| and reached Australia only a few |veeks ago.

‘Squirrel Hunting’

Guoner Sergt. Thomas Clonch, 24, o’ Montgomery, W. Va., enlisted last (May. He said he had been “squij'rel hunting” last Dee: 7. His companions interjected, “that’s just a fancy name for moonshining.” At |another field I found crew of the 1120's. Second Lieut. Risdon Lyon, 23, of Wadesboro, N. C., was weari\13 a knife in his belt and a 45 Sjibmatie in his shoulder hollike most pilots hereabouts he had |iust returned from bombing and srafing the enemy. Lyoa began his pilot training Sept. | 19, 1941 at Ellington field, Hougstjn, Tex., and later was stationed at Randolph field, Tex. Maj William Hipps of Lumber City, I’a., was a Captain of a divebomber squadron in Manila a year ago. later he was attached to the! staffs | of Gen. Archibald Percival Wavel and Maj. Gen. Lewis H. Brereton in Java. Lieu’. James M. Pollock of Hollywood, |Cal., was a song writer this time list year. : “1 ep’ forget’ Dec. 7,” he said. “I got|a wire ordering me to report for bonbardier training at Ellington fie d. I got the news at home, where [ was planning a party with Lieut. | Thad . Blanton and Lieut.

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—

Chart Reveals U. S. Pearl Harbor Losses

ARIZONA 1916—32,600 Tons (Total Loss)

BATTLESHIPS

PENNSYLVANIA MARYLAND 1916—33,100 Tons 1921—31,500 Tons 1920—32,300 Tons

DAMAGED SEVERELY, REQUIRING EXTENSIVE REPAIRS

OKLAHOMA

1916—29,000 Tons (Capsized)

CALIFORNIA 1921—=32,600 Tons

DAMAGED TO LESSER DEGREE (ALL NOW BACK IN SERVICE)

HELENA HONOLULU RALEIGH _

TENNESSEE 1939—

NEVADA 1916-L29,000 Tons Dates of completion and tonnage of each vessel are given.

10,000 Tons

BATTLESHIPS}

WEST VIRGINIA 1923—31,800 Tons

1924— 7050 Tons

1938— 9650 Tons

RLOMIS

SHAW CASSIN

1936— 1936 1500 Tons 1500 Tons

Lena] WA

70 Navy planes damaged. Navy had total of 202 aircraft on Oahu Dec. 7

thet, wilben. whhon.

DOWNES 1937— 1500 Tons

NAVY PLANES ARMY PLANES Destroyed on Wheeler and Hickam fields. Army had 273 planes on Qahu.

| DAMAGED, REQUIRING REBUILDING OR EXTENSIVE REPAIRS

MINELAYER a

OGLALA UTAH

1907—' +1911—Former 4200 Tons Battleship

NAVY PERSONNEL

INE A a

» enan

3077

KILLED OR MISSING

876

NOUNDED .

ALSO DAMAGED

SEAPLANE INL INI Halls CURTISS VESTAL

8625 Tons 6625 Tons

ARMY PERSONNEL

226 KILLED

396 WOUNDED

Japs attacked with a total of

.included 21 torpedo planes, 48

JAPANESE LOSSES

aircraft, operating from warships to the northwest of Oahu Island. These aircraft

36 horizontal bombers and some fighter planes.

105 or more

28 Jap planes downed by Navy action

dive bombers,

Mw . AIRCRAFT

3 SUBMARINES

Three 45-ton

(midget) Jap subs sunk

20 or more downed by Army flyers

ARMY PLANNED

Every Man, Woman Invited To Help Protect the Home Front.

Indiana residents soon will be asked to become soldiers in the largest civilian army ever mobilized in the state. Clarence A. Jackson, state civilian defense director, announced plans today to organize the citizens service corps with its officers holding the ranks of colonel, lieutenant colonel, section majors and captains for each city block. The citizens army will be organized, Mr. Jackson said, for “important war service on the home front.” Support Armed Forces

The services would include salvage activity, bond sales campaigns, drives for blood bank donors and promotion of all other activities to support the armed forces. Mr, Jackson said each county civilian defense council has been asked to organize a county division under the “block plan” so that every citizen can be contacted for aid in all the war efforts. “Every man and woman in the state will be given an opportunity to enlist in the service corps,” Mr. Jackson said.

OFFICIAL IS SILENT

HARRISBURG, Pa. Dec. 7 (U. P.).—U. S. Commissioner Sidney E.

Foggy |Vitzhu, both of Houston, Tex. ! They'ri* both on duty . elsewhere oversed ;

Friedman, who charged Washington officials “hamstrung” an inquiry into fraud charges involving the sprawling Mechanicsburg naval depot, refused to discuss the case with a personal emissary of Navy Secretary Knox.

By JAMES M. LANDIS Director, Office of Civilian Defense WASHINGTON, Dec. 7.—Prime Minister Winston Churchill, with characteristic aptness of phrase,

described the allied offensive in North Africa last month by saying that although it may not prove the beginning of the end, “it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning.” The Churchill statement is also an accruate appraisal of our position today in civilian defense. Even before the Pearl Harbor attask a beginning had been undertaken in civilian defense. It was a loosely-knit organization spotty in national coverage, but manned by a million loyal men and women who foresaw the grim inevitability of war, 11,000,000 Serve

Today, one year later, that million and 10,000,000 more stand guard as a measure of America’s will to win on the home front. have shown long strides of progress. Essential equipment is now moving to the protective workers who need it. But this, I repeat, is merely “the end of the beginning.” In the year ahead two major campaigns must be fought and won on the home front. The first is the maintenance and perfection of our defense corps as a wise bulwark against attack. It is today an army that has learned the elemental lessons of the training camp. It must be schooled through maheuvers into a disciplnied corps whose spirit is such that it can meet any expected or unexpected protective demand of the community. The second is to complete the community organization for war, making the other volunteer war activites as’ well channeled and carefully planned as our protective

INDIANA CIVILIAN Landis Wants United Home

Front in Civilian Defense

services. The backbone of this campaign is neighborhood organization, reaching down to every city block. The block leader, in house-to-house promotion of the many federal programs upon which success in this war so largely depends, is rapidly emerging as the working parner of the air raid warden. With the advanced training of our protective forces and the nationwide activation of block-by-block, home-by-home organization in support of war campaigns, we may look forward with confidence to the beginning of the end of this war.

GROTTO AUXILIARY T0 HOLD 3 EVENTS,

Three events have been planned by the Sahara Grotto auxiliary for this week. Mrs. Irvin Hessel will be hostess to the auxiliary’s entertainment committee at her home at 8 p. m. to-

morrow. The membership committee will have a Christmas party Wednesday at the Colonial tea room. Mrs. Herbert Wald will be hostess. The ways and means committee will hold a card party at 8 p. m. Friday at the Sahara Grotto home, 4107 E. Washington st. Mrs. E. E. Gaston is chairman.

REPORT DUCE FEARS NAZIS

LONDON, Dec. T (U. P.).—The Sunday Express said yesterday that Italian Premier Benito Mussolini is in urgent need of an operation for duodenal ulcers, but Italian doctors will not perform the surgery and he is afraid to submit himself to German surgeons.

The Role of Women in Wartime America

Speeds Up With 4 Million at Work Now

WASHINGTON, Dec. 7 (U. P.) — Women have assumed a more and

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jmore active role in the nation’s war

effort during the year which has elapsed since Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. Even on Dec. 7, 1941, the Japanese were answered by bullets made by American women. When MacArthur's gallant men were at bay on Bataan, army nurses stayed to the last to attend the wounded. On New Caledonia island, far out in the Pacific, navy men looked with wondrous eyes this summar on Red Cross women workers setting up recreation centers. There were 1,400,000 women employed in war factories, making bullets, inspecting cartridges, packing parachutes and doing other jobs last Dec. 7. They joined enthusiastically in all kinds of volunteer work, such as the USO, the Red Cross, and civilian defense. On this anniversary of Pearl Harbor there are 4,000,000 women in war industry. WPA reports that employment of women in all industries has risen 2,100,000 during the last year, compared with an increase of only 1,000,000 men. There are 17,500,000 women in our labor forces of 53,500,000. Many have. taken over jobs formerly held by men, such as working on the

surface of mines and working in saw mills on the west coast. The number of nurses in the army and navy is a military secret but it must be high. In addition, 12,500 women already are wearing the uniforms of the women’s army auxiliary corps—WAAC's—and 3290 are in the women's naval reserve —the WAVES. The WAAC's ultimately will be increased to 150,000. Production and more production has been the cry of the nation during the lost year. With it has come a widespr2ad belief that women excel in tasks which require sharp eyes, suppleness of wrist, delicate touch, repetitive motion, and exactness. - The principle of equal pay for equal work for women is being put into practice by the government and such war plants as the Kaiser shipbuilding yards.

Test War Machines

Probably no job for women war workers is so spectacular as those done by former five-and-ten girls and ex-housewives at the army's Aberdeen, Md. proving grounds. The first ones were employed in the field in March. Now they are testing out anti-aircraft and ma'chine guns, driving tanks, and running 15-ton cranes. In munitions plants all over the country women work on machines that produce guns and tanks and bullets and torpedoes. About onethird of the assembly jobs in aircraft plants are done by: women, many of whom have been employed

; since the first of the year.

| In the transportation field, women

are obtaining employment in

railroad storehouses, as crossing flagmen and signal tower operators, and as engine wipers in roundhouses. This year North Carolina employed 800 girls between the ages of 16-18 to drive school busses. None has had a major accident to date.

Enter Professions, Too

But women have taken many jobs besides those involving principally manual labor. Every woman who has been trained in science has a Job waiting for her. Women medical technologists go from college laboratories to do research work. Not only are more women entering medical schools, but many retired women physicians are returning to their profession. Pharmaceutical laboratories and retail drug stores are using women to replace pharmacists who have gone to war,

Launch Drive for Nurses

Women’s organizations of ‘long standing are doing much to forward volunteer work. The General Federation of Women’s clubs has launched a program to train nurses’

aids, under Red Cross supervision, | and «recruit 20,000 nursing school

students to relieve the serious nursing shortage. The Daughters of the American Revolution is asking each member physically able to contribute a pint of blood to the Red Cross blood plasma bank. President Roosevelt said recently that a national registration of women probably will’ be held early next year, to determine where reservoirs - of woman-power in the

country are and how they can be

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