Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 December 1942 — Page 24
FRIDAY. DEC. 4, 1942
Too Late!
CAIRO, Dec. 4—“Here east met west, and turned north.” Some day, somewhere on the North African coast, some such inscription may mark the spot where the British 8th army, at present before El Agheila, and the Americans and British at present battling before Bizerte and Tunis, will join hands.’ Of the various nightmares besetting the axis at the moment, this possibility appears to be the worst one. If the two ends of the allies’ pincers meet, then ‘the united nations will be in a good position to break the axis. Frenziedly, Germany and Italy i are rushing planes and troops. ; from various parts of Europe to the central Mediterranean to pre-. vent the allied pincers from closing. The big fight is centered in Tunisia for the time being, but the possibility of developments elsewhere must not be com=pletely ruled out.
They Missed the Boat!
IT WAS NOT so long ago that the Middle East was itself threatened by the possibility of axis pincers closing on it.from Libya and through the Caucasus. There is just a possibility—possibility rather than probability—that the axis will try to relieve allied pressure in- the: central Mediterranean by: invading Spain or Turkey. But the ‘chances of Germany's closing the western - end of the Mediterranean, at Gibraltar, now are slim. It is too late. If Germany had invaded Spain and taken Gibraltar and Spanish Morocco (the Germans Installed big ‘coastal batteries in Spanish Morocco as
By Richard Mowrer
x. . far back as the time of the Spanish civil war) as the allies had expected they wouid earlier in this war, the American landing in French North Africa would not have been possible. As things are now, it doesn’t seem as’if a German invasion of Spain would: help the axis at all. Now that the allies are in Morocco and Algeria, they could immediately occupy Spanish Morocco the moment the axis came into Spain. As for a German invasion of the Levant, through Turkey, it is improbable that at this stage of the war the Turks would give the axis their okay. This assertion is probably truer now than it has ever been.
Just a Safety Belt?
ANYHOW, developments in Tunisia are now so rapid that it is probably that it already is too late for the axis to try a diversion through Turkey. Reports of increased enemy activity in the Salonika and Cavalla: areas of Greece and in the Dodecanese, and the transfer to Greece of German troops may signify an axis decision to fortify and strengthen itself in the Dodecanese islands, Crete and Greece. Development of the fighting in Tunisia will show whether the axis has sent reinforcements there really believing they could prevent the allied pincers from closing, or whether the reinforcements were sent with the idea of fighting a strong delaying action to give the axis time to establish a safety belt around Italy and Greece from southern France, through Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Crete and the Dodecanese. As things are going now, in Tunisia, it looks as if some day, somewhere on the North African coast, there will be some such inscription as: “Here east met west—and turned north”—and that will be the handwriting on the wall for the axis.
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Ernie Pyle’s column was not received today.
Inside Indianapolis By Lowell Nussbaum
HOW TIMES do change! Remember way back to last year when the street railway was advertising for us to leave our cars'at home dnd ride the streetcars and busses? . . . And the gas company was advertising for us to use more gas and coke. .. . And the telephone company was looking for more telephone users and advertising the “advantage of using the long distance phone?” , , . , Now they're “hollering uncle,” and trying to get us to “lay off.” . .. Passing a parked taxi in the 400 block of Massachusetts ave. Wednesday, Ham’ Welling, Times photographer, glanced inside through the frosted window and saw the driver sprawled out—his knees over the back of the front seat, his back ‘on the seat cushion, his head hangig almost to the floor, and his arms outstretched. ‘“Coroner’s case; better call the police,” thought Ham. First, though, he decided to investigate. Opening the door, he yelled, “Hey.” Then he heard a voice from the cab: “Be with you, buddie, as soon as I fix these wires under the instrument panel.” “Never mind,” .said Ham.
Around the Town TED HALPIN, 3941 Ruckle, is a salesman covering this territory for Dupont paints, For eight years, now,
he’s been driving his car over the state—averaging
600 to 1000 miles a week, and nary an accident. And Wednesday, in getting off the bus at Fortville, he slipped and twisted his knee. . . . State Auditor Dick James and Mrs, James left yesterday for a twoweek vacation in Hollywood, Fla. . , . Miss Mary Browntein is leaving the state conservation department this week-end after 10 years’ service, She has been cecretary to three of the department's direc-: tors—Virgil Simmons, Frank Wallace and Hugh Barnhart. The boys and girls of the department gave a party for her at the Press club Tuesday night. . . Governor Schricker has received a letter from Ma-
Washington
DETROIT, Dec. 4—In Washington one is always Impressed with the size of the government. But when you get out of Washington, you are always impressed with the size and strength of the country, And if you can keep hitched up in a team the industrial power of this country, our agricultural productivity, and the government itself, then you have what it takes. But keeping the team properly hitched is the trouble. One horse pulls a little one way and ‘the £ other horse a little the other, and it is one of .the greatest skills of civilization to be able to get the team to pull together. Here in Detroit I am always impressed, every time I come back, with the enormous pulling power of industhy. The engineering skill, the expertness in organizing the flow of materials so that they show up on the line at the right time and in the right quantities, the planning and designing that go into the work long before it comes out at the end of the plant —all these are modern marvels.
Government Control Necessary
WHEN ONE SEES this industrial machine working, it is natural to think that if it was left alone, if there was no government fussing around, it would be even better. Yet a second thought will suggest, I believe, that huge industry of this kind must have a government to operate under, an efficient government to be sure, but a government. For instance, if the government was
not controlling the flow of materials, war industry :
would break down all over the place. If the government had not insisted last winter that the automobile industry get out of automobiles, tear up its assembly lines and go into war production all out, we would not have the equipment which is now necessary to finish the war,
NEW YORK CITY, Thursday.—Tuesday afternoon I went to a sale for the benefit of Jugoslav prisoners of war. They had some very lovely embroideries and charming little things bearing. the Jugoslav emblem, Yesterday morning, I had the pleasure of sitting in, for an hour and a half, with the women’s advisory committee of the war manpower commission. I hope, in answering their questions, I was able to tell them some things that will be useful to them in formulating their plans, There is one thing which I should like to write a word about in this column, namely, that I find a number of people seem to consider that when I travel I do so = for pleasure. - Of course, we have : all been asked to curtail as much as possible, travel which has.no real purpose beyond
passing enjoyment. : is quite true that in all my traveling, I find
48 - ta their
chinist 1st Class Charles Hodgson, South Bend, who is at Pearl Harbor. He wrote the governor that on the wall of the navy cantonment there is a Michigan state flag. And, being a true Hoosier, he can’t rest until there is’ an Indiana flag on the wall, too. He also asked for a picture of the governor. He'll get them soon. Hope it makes him feel just a bit more at home.
A Secret Weapon
PVT. CHARLEY REINBOLT, the former waiter at the Union station restaurant, thinks he may have a secret weapon for the army, Some time before Charley was inducted a few months ago, he had a dream. The first part of his dream was that he was going to be inducted and that he'd be made a mess sergeant. Well, sir, he really was inducted, and today he returns to Camp Campbell, Ky., after a furlough, to sew on the stripes of a mess sergeant. Now for the rest of the dream. Charley tells his friends he also dreamed he was sent overseas and was captured by the Japanese, When they found he could cook, they made him cook for them, Then he found a mess of toadstools, made some soup and killed the whole bunch. Now Charley's expecting to be shipped to the south Pacific most any day.
Ear, ‘Ear, Moke!
MOKE DAVIS, Ayres’ advertising director, goes around resembling a high school boy—in one respect— these cold days. He's wearing ear muffs; says it's to keep his flappers from freezing when he walks to the bus line. . . . Some of the auxiliary firemen out in Washington township (outside) are a bit upset because, six or eight weeks after they finished their course, they still have nothing to show for it. No fire helmet, no armband—not even a certificate. Shucks. . « » The Republicans elected Nov. 3—or at least most of them—threw a luncheon yesterday at the Columbia club in honor of Eddie McClure, who was chairman of their candidates’ committee in the campaign, They gave him a handsome desk lamp.
By Raymond Clapper
Furthermore, if the government did not control and distribute the limited supplies of chrome and copper and aluminum, some war plants would have to shut down because only a few would be able to get the supplies in the scramble. be a nuisance, Having to go to government officials may take a good deal of time. Government officials— like some of the bus drivers and people at the counters in the stores—are not always courteous. Often they are stupid, and don’t know their business, and you and I could do it g lot better ourselves.
IV's, Just Like Crab Grass
.WE HAVE THAT every day in our contacts with government and with private business. We have bureaucracy in private business as well as in public business. Both tend to go to seed fast and to become absorbed in doodling rather than in getting out the goods. You hear complaint about. WPB. Yet the men who run WPB were only a few months ago business men who were denouncing Washington bureaucracy. Now they are Washington bureaucracy—and WPB is about as bad as any of the New Deal agencies when it comes to bureaucracy. One business man went down to Washington to work for WPB, and while waiting to get his clerical staff organized brought in his own private secretary at his own expense. That is, he tried to. But they wouldn’t even allow the secretary inside the building —until somebody thought of the trick of having thes secretary go to see his boss ostensibly as a visitor. Once the chap was up in the office of the boss, he took off his coat ahd worked all day. It proves nothing except that red tape grows like crab grass on my lawn, and you have to fight it either in private business or in government. It. doesn’t prove that you ought to get rid of the function.that WPB is trying to perform, because you can’t prove that you can get rid cf control of raw materials withgut wrecking war industry such as has been built up ere.
By Eleanor ‘Roosevelt |
undertaken without a serious object in view. For a number of reasons, many avenues in the war effort are closed to me, but certain avenues are open and I am using them as far as possible in ways I feel are useful, I know many people will disagree with me as to what I think is useful. This must always be so, no matter what one does. However, one must live according to one’s own lights and use what poor talents one may have ip the ways that are open. I had the pleasure yesterday of seeing Judge Robert Marx of Cincinnati, O., for a few minutes and hearing about a charity which has been carried on in that city for 41 years. Every Thanksgiving they bring from every corner of the city and outlying neighborhoods, underprivileged and handicapped children, the number reaching into the thousands, They give them a sumptuous Thanksgiving dinner, and then all those who need warm clothing for the winter receive an ample supply. It is good to know that in these times of stress, we do not give up these charities, .which mean so much to the children and
Filling out forms may|
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YANKS FORGE JAPS IN CHINA
American Pilots OQutfight And Outthink the Nip
Fliers.
CHUNGKING, Dec. 4 (U. P).— All indications showed: today that the Japanese air force, having failed to turn back the growing power of American air forces in China during the last five months, has adopted purely defensive tactics. Last July, American air forces in China underwent terrific day and night strafing and bombardments from superior Japanese forces. By November Brig. Gen. Claire Chennault’s offensive plans materialized and the enemy was reduced to one foray of three planes against a U. S. base. While the Japanese kept their major forces defending Hong Kong, Chennault’s bombers hit Canton three times, Indo China twice and the Yangtse river area southwest of Hankow once. In a surprise tactical operation American squadrons caught their foe unprepared at Canton and destroyed 23 planes.
One Didn’t Return
During these operations only one U. S. pilot failed to return. Americans sunk or heavily damaged a total of 40,000 tons of oceangoing shipping, blasted dock installations, aircraft repair shops, hangars and military installations. Due to these losses American commanders believe Japan is suffering from a shortage of planes and trained personnel. The better type of Japanese planes have disappeared indicating the enemy's supply of crack zeros may be dwindling, The shortage of Japanese manpower is particularly acute in view of the enemy's need for replacements in New Guinea and the Solomons. By taking a defensive role in China, the Japanese hope to keep losses at a lower ratio.
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Outfighting Japanese Another reason for Japan's assumption of the defensive is the
fact that Lieut. Gen. Joséph Stilwell recently has been able to obtain a-small but steady stream of replacements. Then, too, the majority of American pilots now are hardened veterans. They've tasted blood and scored victories, They have outfought and outthought Japanese flyers.
Then Cabman ~ Paid Taxi Fare
HATTIESBURG, Miss, Dec. 4 (U. P).~Two Camp Shelby soldiers well heeled with a month's pay and, considerable dice winnings—decided to return to camp in a taxi. The. driver told them the fare would “be $6. “Six dollars!” yelled the soldiers, “that’s too much.” But they climbed in and started off, still haggling with the driver, who finally shouted: “Why the hell don’t you buy yourselves a cab?” Out came two bulging wallets. “0. K.,” said the soldiers, “we’ll give you $450 for this bus.” § The driver sold it on the spot. ¥Then the soldiers drove the driver back to town—for $6.
Ordinarily newspapers don’t make much to-do about how they get news, feeling the public is interested in the news, not in how it is obtained. But since Washington has become the prime news center of the world it may be of interest to recount just ome experience in newsgathering there.
By DICK THORNBURG Times Special Writer, 4 -It
WASHINGTON, Dec. seemed so simple to answer those questions which an editor had
ON DEFENSIVE
e 1 nc ianapo is
New Unit Drills Just Like the R. O. T. C.; 200 Setting Precedent for High Schools
By ROSEMARY REDDING “Atten-shun!”
The sergeant ran his eye down a
long line of comely misses in sweaters and skirts and saddle shoes. “Order arms!” he bawled.
And the feminine ceunterpart of the Shortridge R. O. T. C. did just
that—and quite well too.
They were learning the manual of arms down on the school’s rifle
range. ’
There were a lot of shiny noses =
—but no compacts.
There was no giggling, no fussing :
with hairbows. And no griping.
But a youthful R. O. T. ©. private on the sideline just couldn't
stand it. than we are,” he cracked out. Not a feminine eyelash flickered.
“These women are worse
Cadet Maj. Paul Wadleigh gave ;
the “rookie” a withering glance.
“They're better than the average
R. O. T. C. freshman,” said the,.
cadet major with authority, And with that the heckler, obviously a freshman, beat it elsewhere. ; Take Training Seriously
Yes, the 200 girls who make up the feminine military corps are taking this business of military training seriously. They're enthusiastic—and that can’t be said for all the boys. Maybe the reason is that, with the girls, the training is completely voluntary. They wouldn't be drilling, they wouldn't be saluting and they wouldn't be shouldering those guns unless they really wanted to. They're pioneers in a sense. Older women have been learning the same things.in the WAACs and the WAVES but the Shortridge girls are setting something of a precedent for young women in" high schools. They are the first in the city, and among the first in the country, to enroil in a course that for years has been strictly for boys.
asked concerning the government’s contract with the Rail way Express Co. for tire collections. Collections had lagged far behind, and it was necessary for the rationing boards of one city to get out special forms on which gasoline - book applicants could state that they had notified the express company but their excess tires had not been collected. The editor asked: What does the government's contract provide? Hpw much is Railway Express paid for the collection? Is
it paid by the tire, the trip, or .
how? Can the company sublet the job, or hire extra trucks? Some citizens, the editor said, were getting nervous about having tires on their hands and, technically at least, facing a $10,000 fine for breaking the law. I call Hogan, the press man for Rubber Chief Jeffers. Hogan is out but the girl says he’ll call nme back. know the details. Have I tried Jay Walz in OPA rationing information? I try Walz. He's out; will be back in 30 minutes, will call me. Every 30 minutes for two hours I call Walz. Finally I get him. Walz says hell try to get the answers. He calls back late in the afternoon, says the contract was signed by the defense supplies corporation (a branch of the RFC) and mn Bave Jo ask them.
NEWSPAPER INQUIRIES at RFC are answered by Bill Costello or Arthur Merritt. I try Bill. He's out. I try Merritt. He's in. I explain. Merritt
says hell talk to the 8
He does. No, he doesn’t :
The idea for a volunteer girls’
“boys downstairs” and call me back. When he does, he says OPA has done all the talking about the tire collection and defense supplies is merely OPA’s agent in the case, so I should get any information from OPA. I point out to Merritt that OPA says defense supplies made the contract and OPA doesn't have it. After all, says Merritt, they are the policymaking outfit; we are merely their bankers in this case. - My hackles start to rise. I say, “Mr. Merritt, somebody is going to tell me about this contract. This is no military secret.” I call Elmer Davis, head man of all war information. Davis is out, and the girl asks what is the nature of my business. “I want to complain,” I reply. “Perhaps,” she says, “Mr. Barnes can take care of you,” and she transfers me, “There’s no reason for such a run-around,” says Barnes. “Have you tried Bob Horton?” (Horton is the top press man for OPA). I say I haven't, and Barnes says, “Well, try him, but if you don’t get the answers, call me back and I'll see what I can do.”
Miss Dorothy Dipple « «+ , instructer,
military’ corps was presented by Dean of Girls Della Thompson away back iniSeptember. But the school| officials were reluctant to go ahead with it until the formation of ifs high school Victory corps, part of a nation-wide movemant, was well underway. Just a week ago the girls had their first drill. They are being trained by Pvt. Herbert Greenwood, Shortridge R. O. T.‘C. commandant; Miss Dorothy Dipple, commercial teacher, who is a Red Cross motor corps volunteer, and the R. O. T. C. cadet officers. They are going to learn the same basic subjects as the boys, including close order drill, military courtesy, discipline, organization, first aid, rifie marksmanship, map reading and combat principles.
Still Unnamed .
They haven't any name yet and they haven't any uniforms. That will come later. Right now they are busy proving to a lot of folk,
lt Takes More Than a Few Questions to
I CALL HORTON." He's out. Next morning I get him. “Hell,” he says, “defense supplies signed the contract. They're the ones to tell you about it.” “They want clearance from someone high in OPA,” I reply. “Well, I'm deputy administrator,” he says. “See if that’s high enough. Have ‘em call me. There's no reason why you shouldn't see that contract.” So I dall Merritt and tell him the score. He says, “Well, Dick, ‘I can tell you off the record’— (and he tells me an interesting thing abeut the contract). I point out I can’t print that off-the-rec-ord stuff. I want the answers to those questions and I want ‘em on the record. He sks, “Have you tivied Zeus Potter at OPA? He knows all about it. He really did the business. Try him, and if you have no luck call me back.” I call Potter. He's away for a week.” “Oh, you should talk with Mr. Hollis, our attorney; I'll transfer-you.” Mr, Hollis is out. He's out several times, so I again call Potter's office and ask who else besides Hollis can tell me.
Copyright, -1942, by The Indianapolis Times and The Chicago Daily News, Inc. SOMEWHERE ‘IN AUSTRALIA, Dec. 4.—One of the reasons why the quality of American and Australian fighter pilots is slowly creeping ahead of the Japanese in the southwest Pacific is that although our pilots are frequently shot down, they also get home more frequently than the Japs. | If there is a strip of beach or shallow water, they will always try to bring in their aircraft and walk away.
Yankees in Falling Planes
Fire All Guns to Ease Shock
Now they have even worked out;ing speed: k where Af t down
| sea in a high-powered ship, they have a chance of climbing out. If the motors are dead, they bring her down in a dive to gain speed, then flatten out and glide over the water as low as possible. The speed is still high and concussion with the wavetips would be dangerous. So, just before the wheels strike the water, the pilot presses the firing button, discharging machine guns and cannon. The recoil from all the muzzles firing simultaneously is so great it causes the plane to lose up to 30 miles an hour flygreatly easing the shock
SECOND SECTION
especially the boys, that they can not only do it but take it as well. And they can. Sergt. James E. Howe, the R. O, T. C. instructor whom Pvt. Greenwood is relieving, was teaching the manual of arms to them this week —and he wasn't sparing the “barks.” The guns were almost as big as the giris. They held them tightly —if a bit rigidly. “Keep that right elbow in,” the sergeant ‘said to a tiny blond. “Port arms! “Left shoulder arms!”
Commands Come Quickly
The girl in the bright plaid skirt put her gun on her right shoulder:
| | Ir oo - |
U.S. BATS AID-OF 25,0( WAR RATORS
Campaign Modeled on World War 4-Minute Talks To Be Launched.
A government sponsored army of 25,000 “victory speakers” an immediate nation-wide war” campaign of four-minute
Speeches, office of war eas sd
yesterday. The campaign, modelled on the lines of a four-minute speech cam= paign in the first world war, will be handled under the i of both the OWI and OCD. Prepared material for| speakers will be provided by OWI Three thousand regional, state land local
‘defense councils of oc will fure
nish the organization toy carrying out the campaign. Subjects for speeches already being prepared by OWI and dis« tributed through OCD include war«
car-sharing, food conservation, vice tory gardens, sharing the meat, and idle tires, officials said.
Use 25,000 Oratory
If there is sufficient demand OWT also will prepare material for both speakers and - discussion groups on major war strategy and post-war problems. The 25,000 orators will tie drawn mainly from local volunteers such as newspaper editors, doctors, law= yers and ministers. The material supplied by OWI will not consti~ tute speeches but factual subject matter and background material for speeches, officials of the two agencies said. Speeches normally will ake about four minutes, but material for long. er talks also will be available. In addition, OWI is preparing for
to the average ti as
post-war problems. . Prepare Speech Material The speakers are scheduled to
Kiwanis.
consideration virtually since
and then before she could get]
switched to the left, the sergeant |
had commanded arms.” She was embarrassed and a bit confused. The sergeant just grinned. After all this was her first attempt, And the group went through the procedure again. This time, with precision. The girls will keep at their military training one day each week. Their officers will be the R. O. T. C. cadet officers. Right now, they are talking about getting permission to appear when the R. O. T. C. has its annual inspection some months. away. “If they're good enough by then,” one of the R. O. T. C. boys qualified it. “We will be,” chorused the girls. And they probably will,
“right shoulder
TOWNSENDS TO PRAY
Townsend club 25 will meet tomorrow night at McClain’s hall, State st. and Hoyt ave. The monthly prayer service will be led by the Rév. John Ray Clark, pastor of the Fountain Square Christian church. Nomination of officers for next year will be held.
Gather News These Days
“EXACTLY WHAT do you want to know?” asks the girl. I tell her. “Have you tried Mr. Merritt over at RPC?” she asks. I sigh, and explain. “Well,” she says, “we have no interest in not making the contract public. I'll see what I can learn about it.” She calls back but doesn’t know how much Railway Express charges for the pick-up service. She says Potter will be glad to tell me about it when he returns. I go to see Merritt and I him, “Now listen, I've had eno, of this. I want to see th tract, What the hell with it anyhow?” “Oh, there's nothing wron it, you can be sure,” he s “Make yourself at-home.” he bats out of the office. Comes back in 10 minutes with Bill Costello. | Bill says the boss (Jesse Jones) is at a cabinet meeting and it's uncertain when he'll be back, but “we want to talk it over with him first so we can make everything we have available to you. We'll see him this evening and if you'll come back tomorrow, we'll have everything here for you.” yo". 'COMES TOMORROW. Bill tells me Mr. Jofies wants to see
me about it himself and he’s got a full schedule today and Monday but will see me Tuesday. They say, you know how Mr. Jones is, he runs the show and after all we only work for him. On Tuesday I get there right at 11:30. I spend the next hour looking at the framed cartoons on the walls depicting Jesse Jones in various roles, complimentary and _uncomplimentary. Finally he walks in and asks what he can do for me. I tell him. He says he doesn’t know whether the contract has been made public. He says it seems to be the cur-~ rent theme in the newspaper
business to be critical of govern. ment actions is
The campaign has been | under owl was established, officials said, but
time problems of everyday interest
OCD subject matter for local discussion groups on wartime and
plans were completed only reicently..
Speech material is being pr
| under the supervision of Henry:
tion and graphics, . Material. for discussion groups is’ being orga
bureau of special operations. The othér phases of the Campa are being organized by E. A. Sheri dan, head of the public advice and counsel section, and Donald |Hay-
tion of OCD. |
PURDUE AGAIN . wii S BARROW GRAND PRIZE
CHICAGO, Dec. 4 (U. P.. For
university exhibited the grand champion barrow at the Chicaga Fat Stock show. :
| This year’s champion is Model
grand champion, a Berkshire, and won the grand championship award for the best pen of three Pe These were medium-weight Chester
Whites, one of them the champion. :
trying to see just what I have in mind. | I tell him I've got an o mind, and he says, well he won't show it to me today but will take it under consideration and let know. | Later he calls and says he's found that there is no writte contract but he'll get the detai of the deal for me by tomorrol
morning, | 8 8 =
MEANTIME, however, I go t the Railway Express office and clerk tells me the pick-up rate i set’ 7. various utility commission
‘pounds for the tire col
ing obviously wants to do the right thing, and it won’t hurt an if it does take a little time yet
: collect all the tires.
HOLD EVERYTHING
| Pringle, head of the writer’ divi, sion of the OWI bureau of publica=
Seven, a 210-pound Chester White. Purdue also exhibited the reserve
vil launch “win the
appear principally before local Ore: A ganizations such as women 's clubs, . chambers of commerce, Betas clubs:
‘worth of the public speakers! sec- il
WASHINGTON, Dec. 4 (U. P=
and civilian defense officials said = |
by Lyman Bryson, chief of the OWI = J
the seventh time in 12 years, Purdue IN
i i ¥ i 8 | iy i i} | { } 1} i
ts ol