Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 22 October 1942 — Page 17

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The school hes now been under way’about six weeks. The course lasts three months. But

classes; recruits can start any time, and there will be a flow of second lieutenants coming out in weekly or even daily batches. |

All candidates will be men al-. ready in the army. They won't take men straight out of civilian life into the| school, simply because there aren’t any American civilians .over here except gov- - ernment workers and a few preposterous invalids like myself.’ This new school is no makeshift affair. It looks like an American college, not: like an army camp. The buil®ings are permanent, and there are dormitories, libraries, billiard rooms, paved streets, a lovely green campus, and fine homes for the faculty. ° It was built before the war. by the British, and used by them for training officers until we arrived. Now they have moved elsewhere, bag and baggage, and turned the whole thing over to us, as they have turned over so many of their supply depots, airfields, barracks and headquarters buildings all over England.

Staggering Range of Instruction

THERE IS NO NICE scholastic ponderousness about this new school. The war won't wait, and they know: it. Urgency is the world. The commandant

« Was appointed one day, and told to open within 10

day. The job was tremendous, but he did it. Throughout the .war, there will be only this one American officers’ school in England. But its capacity is almost unlimited. - Before the snow flies there will be many hundreds of candidates here.

‘Inside Indianapolis By Lowell Nussbaum

A BRAND NEW graduate of the Red Cross first ‘ald course tells us he heard a screeching of brakes ‘and a shrill scream at Market and Pennsylvania sts. Looking out his office window, he saw a young woman lying on the sidewalk. He dashed down to give first aid, regretfully discovered she was only frightened and shaken. A policeman was taking her name and address, so our first aider dashed into ‘Hook's and begged some aromatic spirits of ammonia - in water. Then he hurried back to give it to the girl. When he got there, he found she had’ departed with a friend. Not knowing what else to do with the aromatic spirits of ammonia in water, he drank it himself. . . . Lieut. Elliott G. Peabody, former sales manager for the Gas. Co, is visiting his family on an ~ eight-day leave, his first since he left last May. He's at the San Antonio cadet classification center. 4

Cuffs, Yes and No

MRS. WILLIAM RICE, 2043 Houston st., is pretty annoyed over the seeming confusion about cuffs on men’s trousers. Her husband wears corduroy trousers f(no wool) to work, thinks they don’t look right without cuffs. He bought a pair at a store, sent them back to have the length changed, and the store put the cuffs back on them. She sent another pair to the cleaner’s to have the length changed. The cleaner - refused to put the cuffs back on that pair; said it was against the regulations. Mrs. Rice phoned a couple of other cleaners, They said the same thing. So she called the OPA and they said the cleaners were wrong. It was all right to put cuffs back on trousers without any wool in them. “Have the cleaners phone us and we’ll set them straight,” said OPA. The cleaners refused to call. “Do you suppose OPA would pay our fine if we put cuffs on?” the cleaner

Washington

WASHINGTON, Oct. 22.—Although a low exhibition of peacetime politics at its smallest is going on in the senate—that old-fashioned patronage grab at the manpower commission—the house of representatives “jserowing several signs of taking a new leasz on life. As I mentioned the other day, . the house moved quickly and efficiently to lower the draft age, once the administration finally got up its nerve to ask for it. Members of the house must take their . chances ‘at the polls in less than two weeks. But they went ahead with this legislation promptly, as "if this was not a political season. You can’t ask for anything more than that. The Tolan committee, investigating war labor problems, has

made another report to the house. Recently President:

Roosevelt told a press conference that one of the things wrong in Washington was that congressional committees were investigating things they couldn’t possibly know much about. The Tolan committee of the house has questionéd administration officials. It has had the assistance of experts, including some expert information about Britain's experience with manpower. It has produced now a report which is far from flattering to the administration. It reports that the administration has done little that is effective about manpower, although

the manpower commission has been in existence six -

months. The committee makes many criicisms and numerous suggestions.

Another Promising Sign

SOME mw THE administration. won't like what it says, yet if there is any place left for congress in enon that is exactly the kind of serious work congress ought to do. It is a practical agency for investigating, checking up, pointing out possible im-

provements. The Tolan committee of the house, like the Truman committee of the senate, is a hard-working, con-

scientious group, using expert assistance, and trying to help the war effort with constructive criticsm. The work of these committees is in the best tradition of

NEW YORK CITY, Wednesday. —The artists are exhibiting again all around Washington square, and

they oouldn’t have more favorable conditions. I

‘haven't any more space to hang even the smallest print or picture, But I can never resist wandering around and looking at them. If I didn’t have several put - Laway; ready to send as gifts to

my friends, I am afraid I could not.

help buying one or two scenes which caught my eye yesterday. For some time I have had a collection of black and white picJutée of Seaiife oss dons by sume : artists. Pictures of

canine decorate

Layman is the army's foremost authority on small

‘a German with the bayonet, up to the approved etithere won't be a rotation of

. more than that, he must do the thinking for his men.

By Ernie Pye]

The commandant’ is Col. Walter | G. Layman, and the assistant commandant is Col. Carl Duffner. Col.

arms. : The range of instruction covered in three months of schooling is staggering. There are more than 60 subjects, running from the correct way to disembowel

quet for boarding a battleship as a guest. Col. Layman says he mighf as well keep me here and add journalism to the curriculum. And running paramount through the whole course is the theme’ of creating a leadership instinct in these soldiers. In three months their whole approach to life is to be changed from that of taking orders to that of giving orders.

Here’s What They Want

THE SCHOOL WAS opened by Maj. -Gén, John C. H. Lee, chief of the Services of Supply over here, and in his address to the first 50 embryo second lieutenants he said: “What is expected of an officer? An officer must know the answers. The officer must take care of his men before he takes care of his personal needs. He never goes to sleep until he knows his men can rest; he never shuts his eyes until he knows his men are well-quartered; he never eats until he knows he has taken care of their needs; but more than that, far

“The officer must know the answers, and you have come here to learn to find the answers. Now, every officer doesn’t kncw every answer every time but he must be able to know how to find the answer without fail. It doesn’t pay to bluff; your men are too smart. “In this school you will learn a lot of the answers, and learn where to find the answers that puzzle you. That is really what this school is for.” The first 50 men were picked without red tape in the same urgent and down-to-earth spirit of the school. They were picked by their commanding officers because they stood out above fellow soldiers. |

inquired ‘sarcastically. It’s all pretty confusing to Mrs. Rice. And to us, too.

Jeeps, Badges and Gripes

OUR OBSERVERS report that the motor corps girls out at Ft. Harrison are busy breaking in new jeeps for the troops. They drive the jeeps over country roads, out north, at 25 miles an hour until they're ready for rough and ready use. Some of the girls, we hear, are taking turns at the wheels of the biggest trucks they have at the fort. . . . The war is causing lots of hardships. Among the sufferers. are oui school kids. Because of the metal shortage, hardly any of the candidates are putting out campaign buttons this year and the kids can get enough buttons to decorate their hats and caps properly. . . . Some of the new streetcar and bus riders haven't gotten the idea yet about moving “back in the car, please.” We've gotten gripes from passengers on the W. Michigan, W. 10th and Illinois st. lines. Kindly move back, folks, before we bop you one,

Oh, Worry! Oh, Worry! LOUIS (BUD) DOWNEY, 2311% E. Michigan st., is a guard at the naval ordnance plant. He sets his alarm clock to ring at 6 a. m. The other night he awoke, glanced at the clock, thought it said 6:10 and jumped out of bed. Turning on the light, he saw it was only 1:30. He got back in bed but eduldn’t get to sleep for wondering if-the clock was right. He doesn’t have a phone, so hie dressed and startéd down Michigan st., looking for a: clock. Finally, he found one. It was then about 2 a. m., so he went back to bed. . . . Passengers who boarded a northbound Illi-

: Copyright, 1

BER PUTS

FEAR IN NAZS|

Seek French Request for ‘Protection’ as Threat Of Attack Grows.

By PAUL GHALI

1942, by The Indianapolis Times Chicago Daily News, Inc.

BERN, Oct. 22.—The appearance of American forces in Liberia has

acted on the Nazis like Banquo’s ghost and sent them scuttling off to Vichy with further, and this time apparently unequivocal demands, that the French government request German “protection” for its muchcoveted North African possessions. The Germans are now convinced |- that British and American re¢inforcements in West - Africa constitute a definite threat to Gen. Field ‘| Marshal Erwin Rommel’s rear and that allied incursions into southern Libya might prevent the so far victorious general from reaching Suez. Furthermore, neutral sources stress that Rommel is not at his best these days and that he is suffering from .|acute dysentery.

Want Relief From Cold Finally, the fighting at Stalingrad,

whatever the final outcome, must come to a forced end in November and doubtless Dakar would provide

a welcome change from" the frigid Russian steppes for released contingents of Germany's Stalingrad armies and air force.

That Germany now is demanding

to protect Dakar has been, reflected in Vichy’s agitation since Sunday according to French information. Marshal Petain was closeted the petter part of Sunday with Premier Laval and Admiral Darlan, who as head of the French forces is responsible for the West African defenses. At the end of the conference Darlan hurriedly left for Algiers, according to German news.

It is significant that each time

France has been confronted in the past with demands concerning Dakar, the French commander-in-chief has been sent hurriedly on a North African inspection tour and usually has come back with a quieting report of the French forces there.

Nazi ‘Wonder’. Grows Last October, Gen. Charles Hunt-

ziger, then war minister, was sent to Dakar and would presumably have reported favorably if his plane had not crashed on the return trip:

Previous to these signs of Vichy

anxiety, several Berlin reports have indicated that the Nazis were “wondering” whether the French would not seek their protection for Dakar.

nois streetcar about 5 p.. m. Tuesday were greatly surprised when the car: started turning right, onto Washington. So was the operator. the brakes and stopped right on the curve and then couldn't move either way, started again.

By Raymond Clapper

Had to have help to get

In the Nazi vocabulary “wonder” has g very precise meaning. Doubtless the Germans also consider the moment for renewing Dakar demands particularly opportune as Vichy is still under the influence of the heavy blow inflicted on French industry by the royal air force bombing of the SchneiderCreusot factories. The explosions of falling bombs could be distinctly heard throughout the Swiss Jura

He slammed on

congress. They are not political committees. Both -are headed by New Deal Democrats. Another promising sign is the thought that members are giving to improving the machinery of congress, to make it more efficient and more adequate to present needs. Rep. Dirksen of Illinois, a Republican, is blazing a trail in this respect. He has introduced several measures proposing improvements in legislative machinery. He proposes a legislative post-war planning and reconstruction service to aid congress, through expert research assistance, in dealing with the complicated economic ‘questions ‘that will follow the war,

Willis Is Off Base

HE ALSO WOULD staff congress so that it could maintain a checkup on administrative agencies. And from the things that leak out as to neglect, inaction and ineffective action within the administrative agencies, such a checkup, with occasional exposure, would be the healthiest kind of thing around this town. Much of that has been done by the newspapers, but we seem to be getting in very bad for it. It’s a job congress can do better anyway, because in wartime the government can sit down on a newspaper reporter like a ton of bricks if he gets out of line. Rep. Dirksen also proposes a joint house-and-sen-ate committee to handle war legislation. That would end duplicating committee hearings so that officials busy running the war wouldn't. have to repeat their testimony before two, three and four different committees, and answer the same question several times over. That is a simple and most urgently needed wartime change. The fact that house members are seriously thinking of such things is a cause for rejoicing. In contrast, unfortunately, is the spectacle in the senate where two men, McKellar of Tennessee and Willis of Indiana, look on the war as a source of political patronage. They are trying to make a patronage grab on the manpower commission. They want senate confirmation of all manpower employees drawing over $4500 a year. That would -mean that senators would dictate appointments to the manpower commission in their states. Possibly a majority of senators have stomachs that won't stand that kind of politics as usual.

By Eleanor Roosevelt

made a most welcome suggestion. I know now of some Christmas and birthday presents that can accompany war savings stamps during these war years. Some of you may have read the article on the work that is being done in Geneva, Switzerland, for the

refugee children. In groups of 10,000 they are taken|

in every three months fed and housed and saved from permanent ill health and then returned to occupied France, Belgium, Greece or Jugoslavia. In addition to housing and feeding, many of these children have to be clothed and given medical attention. More important than anything else, whether they are in homes or hostels, is the fact that they are

with people who love them and want to help them.|

For this work, the rest of the world owes the Swiss people a debt of gratitude, for these saved children will Be of infinite value in rebuilding Europe. It is true that some of the German children, cared for in Norway after the last war, have repaid their king hosts with iseashiesy, but that should not deter us or Xidly.a act, It Should con-

region, even including Geneva, Sunday evening.

Causes Vichy Emotion The raid undoubtedly has created

deep emotion in Vichy and among certain sections of the French republic. French circles in Bern, always moderate in their comment on British actions, point out that the raid occurred at the very moment when French workers were revealing their reluctance to work for Germany.

It is also regretted that in ordet

to avoid casualties the raid was not made at night, as with the bombing of the Renault works in Paris. Observers seem to believe that the Schneider-Creusot attack was instigated by Stalin, fed up at seeing his countrymen under the fire of French-manufactured guns.

Whether Laval will give way to

German insistence upon the protection of North Africa remains extremely doubtful. The French have known from Indo-China what axis] protection means,

Furthermore, Laval, according to

the most reliable information, lately refused a Japanese offer to defend Madagascar and would undoubtedly defend Dakar, if attacked, with exclusively French forces.

MISSIONARY TO SPEAK Mrs. Edith Willobee, who recently

returned from India, will speak at

7:30 p. m.'today at the Missionary

Bands church, 719 E. St. Clair st. The Rev. Le Roy E. Bula, pastor of the church, will introduce Mrs.

Willobee.

HOLD ‘EVERYTHING

“take” {

paragraph.

could grasp Italian, she'd mix in some of that to complete the linguistic cocktail. But Capt. Emma is distinguished for much hardier accomplishments than this. She was the first woman to be assigned as a commissar with front line units of the Red army and she has served in front zones most of the time since the German invasion began. She was wounded in action and she wears the decoration of the red star. She, her husband and her son, who was then 16, all voluntarily enlisted in the Russian army in the first week of war, Capt Emma’s husband has since peen killed. Her son is a soldier in her own regiment here on the Rzhev front, It is not strictly correct to call Emma Wolf a captain. She's really a “politruk,” which is the Soviet abbreviation for political leader. But in the Red army politruk has the same rank as the captain of a company. For an American it seemed much simpler to describe Politruck Wolf as a captain, After "all, there are plenty of captains all over the map who have done much less fighting and much less leading than Capt. Emma has.

Served in Spain

YOU MIGHT NOT GUESS it at first glance. . She's just a slender mite of a woman: Not more than five feet two, I suspect, nor much over 100 pounds in weight. She’s dark-eyed, vi-

.vaelous and her hair still has a short mannish cut because it all

had to be shaved off when she had’ typhus, You would take her to be about 30, but Emma laughs and says you'd better add 10 years to that figure. It would take a particularly bold or foolhardy person to suggest to Capt. Emma that a

By ARTHUR WRIGHT The “million dollar a day” men who guard the armored money cars are “daredevils in waiting.” “Excitement doesn’t come often,’ said Carl S. Talkington, veteran of 16 years behind bullet-proof glass and tear-gas guns, “but when it does . . . it’s big.” This former city power house em-

other badmen. of the bank lobbies

armored car sérvice. “We're always waiting for danger to explode,” he said, “and because we create fool-proof barriers

the banks.” He’s Had Close Calls . While the men who transport the

have been pulse-quickening moments in Mr, Talkington’s span. His closest brush with disaster came in his seventh year of service in 1933 on the heels of a holdup at the Fountain Square State bank. When the armored car guards came in, a man was lying on the lobby floor, wounded in the temple. Nearby, one of the bandits was “laid out,” also with a bullet through the temple. “Two minutes earlier we would have walked into the holdup,” Mr. Talkington said. “One of the bandits escaped empty handed.” He added for the records, however, that the holdup men would have had to “bust open” the armored car to get the cash. Guards always survey the situation, he explained, before taking money out.

8 Minutes After Holdup

Another example of close timing by the fates was at the 42d Street State bank on College ave. a year after he went into service. The armored car came with its cash eight minutes after a holdup. Faulty ti of the gang in 1933 lost them an additional t the Massachusetts ave. branch of the Merchants National bank. : They staged ‘the holdup 10

- Emma said,

to the manager's desk of the Brink’s

IX. Capt. Emrha, the Red Army's First Front-line Woman Commissar

By LELAND STOWE Copyright, 1942, by The Indianapolis Times and The Chicago Daily News, Inc.

WITH THE RED ARMY ON THE RZHEV FRONT. ° —1In the course of my rather variegated journalistic gypsying, Capt. Emma will remain unique as the only person who has ever translated. to me in three languages at once —at any rate, almost in one breath and all in the same

Capt. Emma usually starts in French or Spanish, slips over into the other Latin tongue whenever the going seems easier, and then throws in a few 12-syllabled jawbreakers in German when things begin to get complicated. If I

woman nearing 40 might be too old to fight in a war. Before this war, Emma was in Spain. Her husband was one of those | anti-fascist Italians who joined the Garibaldi battalion of the international brigade so Emma went along too. Once she was apparently cut off in Bilboa but she escaped on a submarine and at the war's end she got out to France in one of the last Loyalist airplanes. The fascists, first in Italy, then in Spain, taught Emma how to hate. I have noticed there are extremely few good sol-. diers who don’t know how to hate. “Yes, I was wounded—in the head here,” Capt. Emma said in answer to my question. “But I had killed 12 Germans before that happened. No, not with my revolver. With a rifle or with a tommy gun, in attac » 2 2

Raw Bacon Is Tasty

ONE DAY we Ilunched together in a brigade commissar’s tent not far from the Volga. That was tht day we had red caviar, -onion- salad,: salami and real bacon. The only trouble was they served the bacon raw but I was so hungry for bacon after all these months I ate one piece raw anyhow. ' With a dash of vodka for a chaser it tasted fine and meanwhile I learned a number of things about Capt. Emma and her job which is one of the most dangerous in the Red army. Commissars, you see, and especially politruks, have to lead their

men in the most difficult attacks

and Emma has them. ‘I'm a pretty small captain, “but if a woman is going to be a eommissar at the front, that’s probably an advantage. Anyway, whenever I lead my soldiers in attack, you should see how gladly they follow. When a woman is advancing against the fascists naturally

led plenty of

ployee has run the gauntlet of : brushes with John Dillinger and !

against it, we seldom have any § trouble in our money deliveries to §

bulging money bags have lived § “quietly” here in recent years, there i

had told me,

the soldiers feel they must be braver than ever. I love to go

' with our men, They are wonder-

Tul in battle,

“Sometimes my son goes in the

attack beside me. Then you ‘ should see the soldiers when they see mother and son going forward together. Twice, before my husband was killed, all three of

+ us went into battle side by side.”

There was a sudden pause and I knew this was something which did not bear talking about.

8 8 8

‘Talks ‘About Her Son

ONCE BEFORE Capt. Emm& “bombs and gunfire really don’t bother me, I almost always sleep well at the front, too. It was only after my husband died that I couldn't sleep. For one whole month, then, I could scarcely sleep at all. Then finally I realized I must concentrate all my strength and all my thought on each day's battle. I must only live for winning the war,” - So we talked about Emma's son Vladimir, now 17, who fights as soldier but also writes articles and poems for the division’s daily newspaper. “Yes,” sald Capt. Emma. “It’s fine to have my boy in the same division with me. But sometimes it makes it harder too—when I know -he is in an attack, somewhere not far away, but I can’t be with him. And I know I can’t do my job right if I. let myself keep thinking about him or wondering if he will come back. Then it’s really hard. “You know,” Capt. Emma added earnestly, “it's not difficult to have no fear about yourself. But

it’s much different, much more

difficult not to have fear for someone you love. Yet one must remember that any one life does not matter. Just as one must remember that this war is not

* fascism or bolshevism. This war

is only one thing—fascism or humanity.” .

‘Fascism or Humanity’

Sitting across the table from me in a tent, she was just a slender, little woman—who might have been sitting at home, except that she, Emma Wolf, could not possibly be sitting anywhere so Jong as this war 15 on. She ‘did no dramatize herself. She nay indulge in gestures. or: postures. She was simply here at the front because that was the one place she wanted to be—and because she knew why. If enough people understood why, how much sooner this war might be won , . , “fascism or humanity.”

Armored Car Guards Prepared for Perils In Carrying Million a Day to City Banks

They're the “million dollar a day” men of the armored money car service . . . (left to right) Bernard Jasper, Carl S. Talkingion, | manager of Brink’s branch here. and Travis Wilson.

hold up the armored service at headquarters in the Odd Fellows building. ‘The armored car men set the stage by “filling up” with paperloaded money bags. When they carried the bags into the building entrance, nothing happened. In a ditch out on the north end of the dity, police found a wrecked automobile—a Dillinger car loaded with machine guns.

Another Close Call

The only “real attack” Mr. Talkington remembers was by a man who had been out of an asylum two days. The guards had just slammed the door on the armored car in front of the post ‘office when a man Yusha. up, wislaing & loug knife and

“Gimme that money!” As one of the gusrds drew his

|gun with his empty hand (they len) a nko. sud. ese eB

Talkington and his coworkers their share of “nerves.” As a precautionary measure they’ve had these hunters take their guns apart as: they stood at a hank entrance waiting for a friend when the money wagon stopped.’ “Bandits use every camouflage,” Mr. Talkington explained, “and we don’t take chances.” They call them the “million dollar a day” men because they have

.|hauled that much. in a single work

day. But ' they're just Mr. Average Citizen when they lay down the money bags. Like the young fellow who clanked the big steel door behind him and asked Mr. Talkington: “Lend me a dime till morning. . ++ I wanna get a pack of cigarets!”

TELLTALE PASSBOOK PITTSBURGH, Oct. 22 (U, P.).—

| An installment payment book which | |she found in her husband's pocket

| Erabeti Be. Donn, 31. of Denn

On another day I asked Capt | Emma if she thought of anything Sie would Mize Yo £53. 10 Ames can women. “I would like American women to know,” she said, “that we have fought a very hard war for 18 moriths now: Yet, despite our

, great losses in dead and wounded and despite all the suffering

which we must yet endure, the Russian women have never lost their courage. Each Russian woman knows the meaning of ‘the words of the Spanish patriot Dolores Ibarruri, ‘It is better to

* die standing up than to live on :

your knees.’” j Then Capt. Emma said something which is one of the truest things which can be said about Russia at war, yet I have never - heard it expressed so supremely well: “All the sacrifices which our : women make are made modestly— = without big words,” Capt. Emma said. Iz 2 ® 8

Women Play Big Part | I WAS REMINDED of the millions upon millions of Russian : women who labor 10 or 12 hours daily, and often more, in face: tories of all kinds; of other mile

lions of women who planted, tended and have just harvested all of the Soviet union’s crops and food supplies; of women train ‘conductors, trolley and bus and . subway drivers; of the army ‘of young women who have chopped millions of cords of wood in the past few months to fuel Russia’s war efforts this winter; of girls who police the roads and those who man the entire gnti-airerafy batteries around ' Moscow ‘and other cities, and of the many other Russian women who ‘have enabled millions of men to take

their places in the army and simi go

lar active war positions. But Capt. Emma had not quite | finished: “They do this,” she said simply, “out of the necessity of their hearts.” . These words, too, were not "meant to be big, But when words are really big, they just are. The next day came the time to say dosvydanya—Russian for au revoir. Capt. Emma was returns ' ing to her regiment and we were leaving that sector of the front, Standing beside three big Russian officers, she looked astonishingly

“mall, ‘evef: her coffee-gray’

army overcoat. She aves: AB smifled: and waved aga inks , ing about it, as i i Terrible * steered us over the badlands’ ruts and bumps, it occurred to me that only one kind of people have the right to use the word humanity, Capt. Emma would always be one of these,

SOVIET EXPERT | HITS ‘AIR WAR"

Victory Must Be Won on Ground, Russian

General Says. |

MOSCOW, Oct. 22 (U. P) —A Soviet air expert has sharply criticized American and British exe perts for advocating the theory of “victory through air power” and dee clared that the main force in ware fare is the army on the ground. ~ Maj. Gen. Zhuravliev, expressing his views in an article broadcast by

the Moscow radio yesterday, dis« agreed with some Americans and

| British whom he said seemed to bee

lieve that a second land front wag

| unnecessary.

The air power theory, he said, is

| “nothing new” and merely stems ‘| from the views expressed 20 years

ago by the. Italian air strategist, Gen. Douhet. Citing heavy German losses in the battle of Britain as an example, the Russian expert said the air theory had been, proved wrong in the light of modern warfare,

Cites Battle of Britain

After the fall of France, he said, Germany had 10,000 first line fight ing planes, 60 per cent of them bombers. Although Germany bombed England heavily, he added, Britain did not fall. : “The issue of a cam and still more the war as a w can be decided only by the rational utilization of all armed forces and not by any. single arm,” Gen, Zhuravliev said. : - “Aviation without a ground & : is not only incapable of achieving victory on this or that front, buf even of creating such a front.” As for Gen. Douhet’s theory mass bombardment of cities and military objectives, Gen. Zhuravlie asserted that. an air force, regards less of its power, cannot win the