Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 13 October 1942 — Page 2

| and abetted those people in other nations — even our own — whose

¢ medals for heroic achievement, but

_ Ppeatable “spirit.

my conclusions.

_ that their steadily mounting losses in men and material cannot be

- evitable result. will be when the

: they have duped the innocent; they . have fomented suspicion and hate

disunity. ~~ The greatest defense against all

. sense of the common people—and

. worked people to rally their weak-

WASHINGTON, Oct. 18

P.)—The text of Presi-|

Rogqsevelt’s fireside chat: 8 you know, I have recently omy back from a trip of inspection camps and training stations and he main thing .that I observed

this trip is not exactly new. It|

ithe plain fact that the American 2ople are united as never before their determination to do a job and to do it well. °° :

This whole nation of one hundred!

nd thirty million free men and omen and children is becoming great fighting force. Some of are soldiers or sailors, some of ‘are civilians, 2 \ Some of us are fighting the war ‘airplanes five miles above the

tinent of Europe of the islands|

the Pacific—and some of us are| :

ting it in mines deep down in he earth of Pennsylvania or Montana. : A few of us are decorated with

all of us can have that deep and permanent inner satisfaction that comes from doing the best we know how—each of us playing an honorable part in the great struggle to ‘save our democratic civilization.

‘I SAW UNBEATABLE SPIRIT

‘Whatever our individual circumfiarices or opportunities—we are all

n it, and our spirit js good, and we| ¥

Americans and our allies are going to win—and do not let anyone tell you anything different. That is the main thing that I saw on my trip around the country—unIf the leaders of Germany and Japan could have come along with me, and had seen what I saw, they would agree with Unfortunately, they were unable to make the trip with me. That is one reason why we are carrying our war effort overseas—to them. : With every passing week the war increases in scope and intensity. " That is true in Europe, in Africa, in Asia, and on all the seas. The strength. of the united na- ~ tions is on the upgrade in this war. The axis leaders, on the other hand, know by now that they have already reached their full strength, and

fully replaced. Germany and Japan are already realizing what the in-

total strength of the united nations hits them—at additional places on . the earth's surface.

| “THEY BEGIN TO APOLOGIZE’

One of the principal weapons of our enemies in the past has been their use of what is called “the war of nerves.” They have spread falsehood and terror; they have started fifth columns everywhere;

between neighbors; they have aided

words and deeds are advertised from Berlin and Tokyo as proof of

such propaganda is the common

. that defense is prevailing. ~The “war of nerves” against the . United nations is now turning into a boomerang. For the first time, the Nazi propaganda machine is on _ the defensive. They begin to apologize to their own people for the repulse of- their vast forces at ~ Stalingrad, and for- the enormous casualties they are suffering, They are compelled to beg their over-

ened production. They even publicly admit, for the first time, that Germany can be fed . only at the cost of stealing food - from the rest of Europe.

TRY THE RINGLEADERS

They are proclaiming that a second front is impossible; but, at the e time, they are desperately pushing troops in all directions, and stringing barbed wire all the way grom the coasts of Finland and Norway to the islands of the east-

. Meanwhile, they are driven to ingrease the fury of their atrocities. The united nations have decided to establish the identity of those Nazi leaders who are responsible for the innumerable acts of savagery. As each of these criminal deeds is committed it is being carefully investigated; and the evidence being relentlessly piled up for the ure purposes of justice. ; ~ We made it entirely clear that e united nations seek no mass reprisals against the populations of germany or Italy or Japan, but the ngleaders and their brutal henchen must be named, and apprended,” and tried in accordance ith the judicial processes of crimilaw. ; There are now millions of Ameriin army camps, in naval sta- , in factories gnd in shipyards. Who are these millions upon

[UU]

m the life of our country de-| 5? What are they thinking?|

are their doubts and what are

their hopes? And how is the work progressing? The ‘commander-in-chief cannot learn all of the answers to these questions in Washington, That is why I made the trip I did. It is very easy to say, as some have said, that. when the president travels through the country he should go with a blare of trumpets, with crowds on the sidewalks, with batteries of reporters and photographers—talking ang posing with all the politicians of the land. But having had some experience in this war and in the last war, I can tell you very simply that the kind of trip I took permitted me to concentrate on the work I had to do without expending time, meeting all the demands of publicity. And —I might add—it was & particular pleasure to make a tour of the country without having to give a single thought to politics. I expect to make other trips.for similar purposes, and I shall make them in the same way. In the last war, I had seen great factories but until I saw some of the present day plants, I had not thoroughly visualized our American war effort. Of course, I saw only a small portion of all our plants but that portion was a good cross section, and it was deeply impressive. The United States has been at war for only 10 months, and is engaged im the enormous task of multiplying its armed forces many times. We are by no means at full production yet. But I could not help asking myselft on the trip, where would we be today if the government of the United States had not begun to build many of its factories for this huge increase more than fwo years ago—more than a year before war was forced upon us at Pearl Harbor.

‘A CHANCE FOR THINKING’

We have also ‘had to face the problem of shipping. Ships in every part of the world continue to be sunk by enemy action. But the total tonnage of ships coming out of American, Canadian and British shipyards, day by day, has increased so fast that we are getting ahead of our enemies in the bitter battle of transportation. : In expanding our shipping, we have had to enlist many thousands of men for our merchant marine. These’ men are serving magnificently. They are risking their lives every hour so that guns and tanks and planes and ammunition and food may be carried to ‘the heroic defenders of Stalingrad and to all the united nations’ forces all over the ‘world. A few days ago I awarded the first maritime distinguished service medal to a young man—Edward F. Cheney of Yeadon, Penn.—who had shown great gallantry in rescuing his comrades from the oily waters of the sea after their ship had been torpedoed. There will be many more such acts of bravery. In one sense my recent trip was a hurried one, out through the Middle , West, to the Northwest, down the length of the Pacific Coast and back through the Southwest and the South. In another sense, however, it was & leisurely trip, because I had the opportunity to talk to the people who are actually doing the work— managements and labor alike—on their own home grounds. . It gave me a fine chance to do some thinking about the major problems of our war efforts on the basis of first thidgs first. ; :

‘AHEAD OF OUR ENEMIES’

As I told the three press association representatives who accompanied me, I was impressed by the large proportion of women employed—doing skilled manual work running. machines, As time goes on, and many more of our men enter the armed forces, this

President Roosevelt as he spoke over the radio last night.

work and of the workers on our production lines—and coupling these first hand observations with the reports of actual performance of our weapons on the fighting fronts—I can say to you that we are getting ahead of our enemies in the battle of production,

‘THE MANPOWER PROBLEM’

Of great importance to our future productiion was the effective and rapid manner in which the congress met the serious problem of the rising cost of living. It was a splendid

example of the operation of democratic processes in wartime. The machinery to carry out this act of congress was put into effect within 12 hours after the bill was signed. The legislation will help the cost-of-living problems of every worker in every factory and on every farm in the land. In order to keep stepping-up our production, we have had to add millions of workers to the total labor force of the nation. And as new factories come into operation, we must find additional millions of workers. - This presents a formidable problem in the mobilization of manpower. It is not that we do not have enough people in this country to do the job. The problem is to have the right numbers of the right people ‘in the right places at the right time. We are learning to ration materials; and we must now ‘learn to ration manpower. The major objectives of a sound manpower policy are: First, to select and train men of the highest fighting efficiency needed for our armed forces in the achievement of victory over our enemies in combat. Second, to man our war industries and farms with the workers needed to produce the arms and munitions and food required by ourselves and our fighting allies to win this war. In order to do this, we shall be compelled to stop workers from moving from one war job to another as a matter of personal preference; to stop employers from stealing labor from each other; to use old men and handicapped people, and more women, and even grown boys and girls, wherever possible and reasonable, to replace men of military age and fitness; to train new personnel for essential war work: and to stop the wastage of labor in all non-essential activities. There are many other things that we can do, and do immediately, to help meet the manpower problem.

PREJUDICE MUST END

The school authorities in all the states should work out plans to enable our high school students to take some time from their school year, and to use their summer vacations, to help farmers raise and harvest their crops, or to work in the war industries. This does not mean closing schools and stopping education. It does mean giving older student: a better opportunity to contribute to the war effort. Such work will do no harm to the students. People should do their work as near their homes as possible. We cannot afford to transport a single worker into an area where there is already a worker available to do the job. . In some communities, employers dislike to employ women. In others they are reluctant to hire Negroes. In still others, older men are not wanted. We-can no longer afford lo indulge such prejudices or pracCes. 8

Every citizen wants to know what|

essential war work he can do the best. He can get the answer by applying to the nearest United States

employment service office. There|

are four thousand, five hundred of these offices throughout the nation.

In another community of fruit

growers the usual Japanese labor|leave the plans

was not available; fruit ripened, the banker, the butcher, the lawyer, the garage man, the druggist, the local editor, and in fact every able-bodied man and woman in: the town, left their occupations and went out, gathered the fruit, and sent it to market.

but when the

‘PART OF WAR PRODUCTION’

Every: farmer in the" land must realize fully that his production is part of war production, and that he is regarded by the_ nation as essential to victory. The American people expect him to keep his production up, and even increase it. We will use every effort to help him to get labor; but, at the same time, he and the people of his community must use ingenuity and co-operative effort to produce crops, and livestock and dairy products. It may be that all of our volunteer effort — however well intentioned and well administered—will not suffice to solve the problem. In that case, we shall have to adopt new legislation. If this is necessary, I do not believe that the American people will shrink from it. In a sense, every American, be-

for this war to the military leaders. .The military and naval: plans of the United States are made by the joint staff of the army and navy which is’ constantly in session in Washington. The chiefs of this staff are Admiral Leahy, Gen. Marshall, Admiral King and Gen. Arnold. They meet and confer regularly with representatives of the British joint staff, and with representatives of Russia, China, the Netherlands, Poland, Norway, the British dominions and other nations working in the common cause. Since this unity of operations was

An announcement of how these offensives are to be launched, and when, and where, cannot be broadcast over the radio at this time. We celebrate today the exploit of a bold and adventurous Italian— Christopher Columbus—who with the aid of Spain opened up a new world where freedom and tolerance and respect for human rights and

dignity provided an asylum for the

oppressed of the old world. Today, the sons of the new world are fighting in lands far distant

fighting to save for all'mankind, in-

licluding ourselves, the principles

which have flourished in this new world of freedom.

millions of people whose future liberty and whose very lives depend upon permanent victory for the united nations, There are a few people in this country who, when the collapse of

itself insofar as we are concerned. But it is useless to win battles if the cause for which we fought these battles is lost.. It is useless to win a war unless it stays won, We, therefore, fight for the restoration and perpetuation of faith and hope throughout the world. The objective of today is clear and realistic. It is to destroy completely the military power of Germany, Italy and Japan to such good

purpose that their t against us and all the other united nations

We are mindful of the countless | und

cannot be revived a generation hence. We are united in seeking the kind of victory that will guarantee that - our grandchildren can grow and, er God, may live their lives, free from the constant threat of invasion, destruction, slavery and violent death.

FDR TO MAKE MORE TRIPS ‘IN SAME WAY’

WASHINGTON, Oct. 13 (U. PJ). —President Roosevelt last” night answered criticism of the secrecy of his tour of war plants with a statement that he intends to make other trips “in the same way.” “It is very easy to say, as some have said, that when the president travels through the country he should go with a blare of trumpets, talking and posing with all the politicians of the land,” Mr. Roosevelt said in his fireside chat. “But having had some experience in this war and in the last war, I can tell you very simply that the kind of trip I took permitted me to concentrate on the work I had to

do.”

| AYRES © DOWNSTAIRS © STORE

cause of the privilege of his citizen-|E

ship is a part of ice. The nation owes a debt of gratitude to the selective service boards. The successful operation of the selective service system and the way it has been accepted by the great mass of our citizens give us confidence that, if necessary, the same

the selective serv-

principle could be used to solve any |:

manpower problem. And I want, also, to say a word of praise and thanks for the more than ten million people, all over the country, who have volunteered for the work of civilian defense— and whu are working hard at it. They are displaying unselfish devotion in the patient performance of their often tiresome and always anonymous task. In doing this important neighborly work they are helping to fortify our national unity and our real understanding of the fact that we are all involved in this war.

‘LOWER THE AGE LIMIT’

Naturally, on my trip I was most interested in watching the training of our fighting forces.

All of our combat units that go|s

overseas must consist of young, strong men who have had thorough training. A division that has an average age of 23 or 24 is a better

fighting unit than one which has|g

an average age of 33 or 34. The more of such trocps we have in. the field, the sooner the war will be

won, and the smaller will be the |E

cost in casualties. Therefore, I believe that it will he essary to lower the present min: age limit for selective service from 20 years down to 18. We have learned how inevitable that is—and how important to the speeding up of victory. I can very thoroughly understand the feeling of all parents whose sons have entered our armed forces. T have an appreciation of that feeling—and so has my wife. I want every father and every mother who has a son in the service to know—again, from what 1 have seen with my own eyes—that the men in the army, navy and marine corps are receiving today the best possible training, equipment and medical care, and we will never fail to provide for the spiritual needs of our officers and men under the chaplains of our armed services. Good training will save many, many lives in battle. The highest rate of casualties is always suffered by units comprised of inadequately trained men. We can be sure that the combat units of our army and navy are well manned, and well equipped, and well trained, Their. effectiveness in action will depend upon the quality of their leadership, and upon the wisdom of the strategic plans on which all military operations are based. I can say one thing about -our plans; they are not being decided

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