Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 20 August 1942 — Page 3
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RUE MEANING OF
~ SEDITION SOUGE
U. S. Opposes Prosecution of Citizens for Harsh Remarks Which Are Not Unpatriotic; Upholds Right of People to Voice Criticism. (This is the second of a series interpreting the meaning of sedition.)
By CHARLES T. LUCEY * Times Special Writer
WASHINGTON, Aug. 20.—After America entered the world war, two strangers who had run out of gasoline walked up to a farmhouse and asked the farmer if he could help
them.to stay {or dinner.
Having given them some gasoline he invited them
The three got into a discussion of the war, and the farmer used some strong lshgyage which his guests consid-
ered unpatriotic. They reported him, and
he was convicted of a “will-
ful attempt to cause disloyalty, insubordination, ‘mutiny and
refusal of duty in the miili- ~ tary and naval forces.” His statements had been heard only by the guests and by} members of his own family. In the present war, the pattern for sedition enforcement now being laid down by the justice department seems to prevent such prosecutions. Wendell Berge, assistant attorA _ney general in charge of the criminal division, takes the position that mere criticism of governmental pol-, fcies or programs is not a crime in this country, whatever it may be in others, and that affirmative advocacy of views which conflict with majority opinion is permissible.
Depend on Circumstances
' The questions involved as the late Justice Holmes asserted in a famous opinion, are of TpRoximitY and degree.’ @ character of every: act, Justice Holmes said, depends upon the circumstances in which it is done—"“The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that congress has a right to prevent.” When a nation is at war, ‘he added, many things that might be said in time of peace are such a hindrance to its effort that their utterance will not be endured. Mr. Berge points out. that every day thousands of people may criticize President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, the “international Jews” and communistic plots, Recently a New York man was arrested and jailed for saying: * “Who is this President Roosevelt? “We're losing the war. ‘The president is only a man elected by the people. He's not a god. Who are these generals? They're only there because they knew the right somebodies.” . Nature of Remarks Studied
Under the policy now being laid down here, nobody would have paid any attention to the man, who made his remarks while sitting on 8 park. bench. If he continued to make the same remarks day after day, broadcasting them to sizable audiences, so that what he said made a conscious pattern of criticism which might undermine faith in the conduct of the war— that would be different. i “We're trying,” Mr. Berge says, “to confine prosecution to instances where the writing or speaking inakes a pattern. Planned attack ‘is _different from a soapbox orator’s "sporadic -outbursts.” It's the pattern idea that is represented by the William Dudley Pelley prosecution and conviction, and by the indictment of Gerald Winrod, George Sylvester® Viereck, William Griffin, Elizabeth Dilling and more than a score of others, some of »} Whom used the so-called “vermin press” in day-after-day attacks to say such things as: “The war with Japan was provoked deliberately by officials of the U. S. government as -a means of ‘enabling them to seize permanent control of “the government of the U. S. under: guise’ of -, military necessity.” “Roosevelt should be impeach Charge Attack Wanted
“Do not . neglect your arsenals. Buy arms and keep them in a place ‘where they are readily accessible. No immediate emergency foreseen, . %ut there is no time to prepare like now. Also keep a plentiful supply of ammunition and do not let it become over a year old or it will deteriorate.” “The Japs did Sunday (at Pearl Harbor) just what ‘Secretary of State Hull and his war-mongering pal, Lord Halifax of London, have been longing for. Honolulu and the Philippines. . Now ~ the U. 8. has. 3 war on lis hands, So then what?” * These are attacks of the type
that the government will move in}
on, but Mr. Berge ‘says there is no intention ‘of cracking down on criticism voiced by loyal citizens, in. heated private conversation or arguments, - whose sympathies are with America in the war,
Federal Judge Learned Hand of|
New York said the normal test for suppression ‘of speech in a democratic government. is neither the justice nor the wo he proTi its i priety of emper, he ston
They attacked|
BOMBERS SPEED TO MARINE AID
Hammer Jap Naval Bases And Warships in Fight "For Solomons.
MELBOURNE, Aug. 20 (U. P.).— American flying fortresses from Gen. Douglas MacArthur's forces, speeding to the aid of the marines in the Solomon islands, have hammered Japanese naval forces northeast of the American beach heads, a communique announced today. “In the northeastern (Faisi) sector of the Solomon islands, our heavy bombers attacked enemy warships with unknown results,” the announcement from Gen. MacArthur's headquarters said. “Heavy anti-aircraft fire was encountered but all our planes returned.” It was. understood here that the enemy naval force was made up of small warships encountered off the toast of Faisa island, but there was no indication of whether they were en route to or returning from the battle area. - Bombers Attack Timor It was the first time in more than a week that Gen. MacArthur's giant land-based bombers had intervened directly in the Solomons battle. When American air corps units in Australia shifted their attacks to outlying Japanese bases and shipping concentrations, it had been taken to mean that the marines under the operational command of Vice Admiral Robert Lee Ghormley, in charge of the Solomons attack, had hacked out fields for their own planes. There was no further news here today of the progress of fighting on the islands—believedly six— where landings have been thoroughly established. Gen. MacArthur’s communique, however, announced new low-altitude attacks by Hudson medium bombers on an enemy-held town in northwestern Timor, where Japanese forces are known to have assembled for either the relief of the Solomons or a powerful diversional thrust against Australia itself. Australian Ship Sunk The same communique announced the sinking in the initial phase of the Solomons battle of the Australian flagship. Canberra, a 9850ton heavy cruiser with eight-inch guns.
navy previously had announced the sinking of a cruiser in the allied forces under Admiral Ghormley. The communique did not give the date of the Canberra’s loss. Listed as casualties were 193 officers and men’ of the Canberra’s complement of 816, including at least two Americans.” The Canberra’s commander, Capt. Frank Edmund Getting of, Sydney, Australia’s representative on the southwestern Pacific naval command of U. 8. Vice Admiral ‘Herbert F. Leary, was one of the 10 known to have died of wounds. Another 74 were listed as missing and believed dead, while 100° were wounded. The Americans among the casualties were J. :\W. Vance, missing, believed killed, and thirdclass ‘.signalman “Cary, wounded.
"| able. : if
—————— ———— BLAME FOG IN PERU DEATH
PERU, Aug. 20 (U. P.) —Heavy, fog today was blamed for the crash. of an automobile which fatally injured . Keith Wright, 18-year-old driver. The, car crashed into a bridge. Hé was the son of Mr. and Mrs. Clifferd Wright, Denver, Colo.
It was the first definite news of . | Solomons losses, although the U. S.
{ Their home towns were not avail- |
Last Ditch Fight On Proposal.
WASHINGTON, Aug. 20 (U. P). —Secretary of Agriculture Claude R. Wickard’s proposal for repeal of the prohibition against farm price ceilings below 110 per cent of parg ity almost certainly will precipitate a major congressional battle, it was believed today. The congressional farm’ bloc and farm organization leaders vowed to stage a last-ditch fight against such a ‘move, charging ‘that it would “strangle production” and “simply ruin many farmers.” Henderson Victory
Wickard’s
address last night in’ which he also proposed maximum prices for livestock - if - practical marketing plans can be evolved.
» Wickard’s change of mind repre-
sented a major victory for Price Administrator Leon Henderson who, for nearly a year, has argued against the policy of allowing farm prices to rise to 110 per cent of parity. Wickard admitted that he had changed his mind “because conditions have changed.”
“Shocked” by Speech
William R. Ogg of the American Farm Bureau Federation and’ Albert S. Goss, master of the National Grange, wera “shocked” by Wickard’s speech. Both said they would vigerously oppose his proposal that subsidies be offered to encourage farm production. Wickard admitted that if ceilings were set below 110 per cent of parity “we mdy need to{— increase returns to farmers on some products in order to get production 8f vital war commodities.” Members of the congressional agriculture committees would not comment publicly but one influential member said privately “you can bet your last dollar that well fight like hell against any such proposal, just as we've fought like hell against it when it was made by other bureaucrats.” The congressional farm bloc, overriding administratidn protests, succeeded in writing into the price control act a provision prohibiting ceilings: on prices of farm products until they reach 110 per cent of parity. A year ago Wickard favored that provision, he said, because then many farm prices were “far below pari
- Situation Different
“Now the situation is different,” he said in his speech, “Farm’prices have reached parity ‘on an average . » « today the 110 per cent provision is being pointed to by groups{ to prove that farmers are asking for more than their fair share. It is being used as an argument to slow down economic controls in other fields. “Under present circumstances, :I believe it would be wise to repeal this provision.” Wickard, in discussing the current meat scarcity in some eastern areas, denied that farmers were holding back their animals for still higher prices. He said the fact that there has been no ceiling on livestock prices, ‘although there are ceilings on the retail - price of meats, caught many meat packers “in a squeeze.” As a result, he said, many firms have been forced to close or face possible closure.
Seeks Practical Plan To keep packers operating at “full
1tilt” and to preserve ceiling ‘prices
on meats, he said he would approve maximum prices on cattle on the hoof “if a practical plan for livestock marketing can be evolv “Such a plan must not permit abnormal profits to anyone in the
ducers or consumers,” he said.
States is losing two battles—the bat-
inflation—and that the time has come for united action to keep pro-| duction up and hold down increases
wages. “We can't fight this war with one eye on- the flag and the other on our pocketbooks,” he said.
DEMAND BARGAINING VOTE LOUISVILLE, ‘Ky., Aug. 20 (U. P.).—Offcials of the C. I O. aluminum workers union informed Governor Keen Johnson today that embers picketing the Reynolds Metals Co. plants, engaged in war production, would not return to work unless arrangements were made to hold a bargaining election. Johnson appealed for a return to work iii
oes es IN CONDITIONS
Agricultural Leaders Vow|
reversal of his pre-| vious stand was revealed in a radio} |
industry at the expense of the pro-| Wickard ‘wained that the United} = tle of production and- the battle of] ..
in industrial prices, farm ‘costs and :
Jenny . . . one of the elephants burned in the Cleveland blag: .
trumpeting el elephants. One couple,
FEENEY URGES
CURFEW DECREE:
Children; Co-operation of Theaters Pledged.
Sheriff Al Feeney last night declared that there was a serious need for a curfew ordinance in Indianapolis. : In an address before the women of the Riverside -Park Methodist church, Sheriff Feeney said that it is discouraging to see children 10 to 14 years old roaming the streets late at night and said that it is difficult to “blame the children too much for the laxity of their elders.”
Asks Theaters’ Aid
He said that his office can and does pick up children-found on the streets late at night and delivers them to their homes “but more
‘|drastic action is necessary to make
parents attempt to regain control of their offspring.” The sheriff said that he sent a letter to the Associated Theater
ideas on the matter and suggesting, that they co-operate by flashing a notice on the screen-at the end of | the first show, requesting children unaccompanied by elders to leave. The letter was sent, the sheriff said, at the suggestion of Don Rossiter, secretary of the theater owners group, who promised every consideration in the matter.
Deplores Late Hours for
Owners of Indiana asking their,
Young and Old Are on Han To Greet the 'Greatest She
The “greatest show on earth” dropped stakes on. the ‘Southe 14 ave. show grounds at 4 o'clock this morning. Ringling Brothers-Barnum & Bailey Combined Shows, Inc., t: to spring into life on the fog-shrouded grounds as youngsters | the toddling stage to 60 assembled to'gawk at the roustaboui; with two little tots still in the 1
— (ing stage, had come to camp. I vided with a lunch baske thermos jug, they had taker } stand beneath the only tree 1: ounds. Missing were the sweating 1 carrying water to the giant {i derms. They were perspiring i. other capacity to earn their i: to the “big top.” Four boy: 1 pole groaned under the weigl one roustabout carried with ::1 ease. Others pulled the tent =x as the skeleton of the mai. began to assume form. The circus was minus 36 menagerie animals, burned i: stroyed in the recent fire at (1 land. . ; By 1 p. m, when the g: open, a tented city will have. i» into life with vendors shoutin ; ! wares and side-show barkers 1 out, “Ten cents, two nickel one tenth of a dollar to ::: greatest collection: of freal: world has ever known.” ) And by 7 p. m. myriads of I will glow as Indianapolis, you : 2 old, goes -to live in the li :« fantasy. The show in the “big 39:7 get under way at 2:15 and 8:1:
DEATH CAR DRIVI 4 :
POSTS $20,000 E()°
John’ W. Lee, driver of {2 that ‘killed three persons downtown sidewalk last July : day posted $20,000 bond ar 'released from jail pending ta three : charges. Lee’s attorney previous! filed a petition for writ of |= corpus seeking reduction bond but this was dismiss: :. Lee is charged with 2 homicide, manslaughter an jury in obtaining a driver's i:
3. The raid was effected with
Allied Raid on. ~ Half-Ready 2d Front Uny i:
LONDON, Aug. 20 (U. P.).—Allied military quarters, as :3 the results of the Dieppe commando raid, which they regarc 8 complete and inspiring success, today said:
1. It proved that & second front can be opened in the wei price which may be calculated in advance. .
2. To open it while half-ready would be suicidal.
Dieppe Prove;
Un
the greatest concentration ¢ ' 1
weapons and sirplanes ever directed against an objective of suc :
: front comes.
4 There will be more, and even bigger raids before the x
--§. The new raids will test the ability of shock forces to con: i and expand a bridgehead of the kind formed yesterday,
Ce Where companies of 300 men engaged the Germans at |) ¢ - divisions of 15,000 men will be needed for the second front.
7. Yesterday's raid cost the Germans up to one-third ¢ 1 fighter plane strength in western Europe, 91 planes certainly de ir and-another 100 damaged, many so severely they undoubtedly ¢ against 98 allied planes of whose: pilots 30 were saved.
8. The allied plane forces dominated the air. On the 1% scale they probably could not do. so if the second front were :2 in the north, on the relatively thinly held Norwegian coast.
9. ‘The Germans will have to bring fighter planes to the «3 once and they may ‘have to reinforce their invasion coast arm «:
Here Is the Traffic Record
FATALITIES County City Total 1941 00080000000 c0s 0 41 47 88 1942 see 0vsOQeSORS 24 57 —Aug. 19— Accidents ... 11 Arrests ..... 261 Injured 3Dead ....... 1 WEDNESDAY TRAFFIC COURT . Cases Convie- Fines
| Lincoln,
To 0. AM, ‘stateiconvention, Hotel |; all day. Rain
Knights of Columbus, luncheon, 1305 N. Delaware st., Td0R Advertising 1anape ‘eon, Tadtanapolis ® Shistio club, noon. Oil e¢lub, luncheon, Severin hotel, noon. Beta The Theta Pi, luncheon, Canary Cot-
tage, noon. Lambda Alpha Alumni, luncheon, Russet Sheers. doo ishe ; - Indianapolis Motor Transport clu luncheon, Fox's steak house, ciation’ », olla Nu, luncheon, Columbia club,
Retired P railroad: loyees, meeting, union station, 1 1:30 p. np 4 oY Nited 3g adie.s & Machine Work-
lied’ Brethren fy Heights " River Conference: University te
U. B
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A
» MEETINGS TOMORROW fi
lis, lunch- ay
A. Sv soupen, Hoist Bingo,
Tau Delta, luncheon, Columbia aud. noon. Ppa Sigma, luncheon, Canary cottage,
ications 8}
association ER
IN INDIANAPOLIS— VITAL STATISTICS
Ga. Mary Louise Whalen, 22, iy
Bar] Edward
sain Lucile News. %, 0 3’ :
DIEPPE. RAIDERS
Trois. Stream Back to}
|” LONDON, prisoners, some wounded, arrived
(Dwg eb Ta ew
ITISH CHEER
Their Bases, Bringing “Nazi. Prisoners.
By EDWARD’ wW. BEATTIE United Press Sta Correspondent: Aug. 20. — German
at a south coast port today, Hving symbols of the complete suceéss of the allied raid in force .on the French coast which brought the second front in Europe portentious-
1 ly nearer.
Throughout the ‘night United States rangers, Canadian shock troops, British commandos and fighting French volunteers streamed | back across the English channel and on through cheering English | country towns and villages to their]. bases. The last of the allied troops, most’ of them seriously wounded, arrived in mid-morning under an umbrella of Spitfire and Hurricane .planes which streaked a broad path across. the 60-mile stretch of the channel to Dieppe above warships andj. transports. ; : Prisoners Fear Quick Execution With thém came German prisoners. A United Press correspondent saw one sorry group of five prisoners in drab gray-green uniforms
‘land thin knee-boots, their knees]
shaking in fear that they were
;| about to be executed summarily. .
British surgeons treated a German non-commissioned officer who had suffered a bad. head wound. One prisoner apparently had been captured in a dugout or billet. He wore one house slipper. The, other foot was bare. All though the night, British planes ranged over enemy occupied territory and watched over the power-driven invasion barges, war-
5| ships and other vessels which came _| streaming back after the nine-hour
attack that ended just six minutes behind schedule. .
~ Long Hospital Trains Wait
fire before dawn in the Calais area 85 miles north of Dieppe. Soon after dawn, squadron after
. | squadron of Spitfires raced over to
Dieppe to cover the last of the men
"|who had made the first great raid “lon the enemy-held coast and had
put fear into the hearts of the German occupying forces from France to Norway. Long™hospital trains waited at casualty clearing stations along the south coast to take the last of the seriously wounded to base hospitals. The allied forces had left hundreds of their stoic. wounded at the field dressing stations at disem-
while on the beaches, fields and streets of Dieppe, 60 miles across the English channel, they left the
.| bodies of .their dead, mingled with
the bodies of many more German dead and the wreckage of nine hours of concentrated destruction.
Prove 2d Front Feasible
* In addition to German prisoners for the intelligence to. question, they brought back a clear and complete picture of ‘the enemy defenses on the most strongly fortified stretch of the French coast d ‘the knowledge that, under on hey of British and American planes, they’ can land in Europe at will. It may be assumed that as the result of this dress rehearsal for a full scale invasion, the. entire for-
* | midable German army in western
Europe will be forced on a 24-hour-a-day alert from now on, from the Brest peninsula to Narvik on the Norwegian Arctic coast, 1800 Tiles, to the north.
tions—United States army rangers,
British Commandos, and Fighting French, eager to get at German throats on theit home soil—had proved that the second front is feasible; it was believed.
Exhausted—But Happy .
Happy, exhausted almost to the point of collapse, their uniforms torn to shreds, their faces streaked th black and yellow camouflage ugh which the sweat had run
sun. of Dieppe, the allied troops started arriving on the south coast at dusk yesterday and poured out
night. - Their casualties in dead and wounded were high, but there was
‘| no indication that they had been
higher, if as high, as the allied com-
of this ferocious sort.
OFFICIAL WEATHER
U. S. Weather Bureau
(Central War Time) Sunrise ...... 6:01 | Sunset ...... —Aug. 20, 1941— 78 Meeiesoess 59 2p. Mociosnses 8
Precipitation 24 hrs. ending 7:30 a. m. .00 Total OE asin since’ Jan. 1..... +.29.40 Excess since J
7:35
There was a furious burst of gun-|;
barkation points on the south coast,
The toughest troops of four na-
Canadian shock-troops who will be | ‘ | the spearhead for the second front,
in rivulets under the hot summer}
of their invasion boats through the}
mand had reckoned in an operation}
Bh. 1. cesiavine canna. 4 323F
In diana—Sonfewhat ardor this after-
The following table shows the temperawre #8 other cities: '
> Atlanta Cs ravasseavsnainsansions 3B (0)
caisasssancncnavunsnensee nid
sssebeenas wrresterave 38
Fh
* Inoon through Friday forenoon. Scattered] = thundershowers near Ohio river this afternoon.
BY EARL RICHERT
SOME. OF THE Republican party’s best campaign oratory =
| fall will come from former Democratic Congressman Samuel B. Petten=
gill of South Bend—a man who hates the New Deal like poison. Mr. Pettengill, newly named chairman of the national G. O. P. finance: committee, treated Republican party leaders to a sample ; his oratory yesterday at. the Claypool hotel by delivering one of
the most bitter anti-New Deal speeches heard in these parts in some time. The speech is the first of many he will make throughout the nation during the coming months in accordance with his announced decision “to go: all out to help stop post-war fascism in Amery ica. » He advised Hoosier Republicans to soft-pedal the word “Democrat” in the coming election, thus ) not antagonizing the Democrats like himself who do not believe in the New Deal’s principles. “Iswould speak of the New Deal . party—the totalitarian party, the party of fascism in America,” he
2s =» ’ Mr. Pettengill urged an amalgamation of all people in both partis who are opposed to the New Deal. “Today,” he told the applauding Republicans, “the old party divisions no longer exist. The division today is between the men and women ‘of both the old parties who would preserve the. constitution on the one hand and those who would destroy it on this western shore as its proto-; types have heen destroyed all over the world. “The issue: today is Ameria] ism against collectivism, competi- | tive enterprise .against complete government control over the lives of men, the return to Washing-
“ton, Jefferson and Lincoln or the
return to Caesar.”
STRAUSS SAYS:
IT'S ONE DAY NEARER TO VICTORY: |
He declared that it is of utmost dmportance that’ there be fewer “rubber stamps” in the next con= gress because “wlen peace comes we will need. some brakes to use.”
Mr. Pettengill's entry into the political fray on the Republican side is no small boon to the G. O. P. Tt was he, perhaps more than
_ any other man, who fomented the
nation-wide storm of protest that caused congress to turn thumbs
down on the president's courte
packing plan. ‘He told the Hoosier Repub= licans, more than 100 of whom attended the meeting, that his | present decision to go “all out® against the New Deal was not a hasty one. It started back in 1937, he said, when he realized ; he could no longer run for cone gress on the so-called Democratia:
platform.
“I am a lifelong Jeffersonian Democrat,” he asserted. “It is ‘the New Dealers. who are the #2¢Dembotrels
% State Chairman Ralph Gates”
told the Republicans attending
yesterday’s meeting, called for the purpose of determining party strategy for the fall campaign, that the main party objective
was ‘to elect the G. O. P. con-
gressional ticket. He invited Mr. Pettengill to speak as often as possible in the state during the coming came paign. __> i
—
\
NY,
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