Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 19 August 1942 — Page 11

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SEDITION ~ VITAL TO VICTO Y

+ U.S. Attempting to Steer Course Which Will Not Invade

Your Parlor to Curb Real Criticism; Treason,

Sabotage, Espi

onage Defingd.

By CHARLES T. LUCEY ‘Times Special ‘Writer

WASHINGTON, Aug. '19.—Treason,

_onage, sabotage—words that "are in the daily headlines as

ring out of history books— the axis carries to America’s

home front a drive to confuse, frighten, betray and destroy.

A Pelley is ‘convicted on

sedition charges at Indianap-

olis, the traitor Stephan gets a death sentence at Detroit, six|T ‘Nazi saboteurs go to the chair in Washington, Pastor Mol-

‘zahn fights an espionage accus

ation at Yeryiond; And dozens

more cases are pending and to come.

Into the justice departme

nt pours a siream of tips and

complaints—what F. D. R. was called in a tavern bar; how . a soapboxer dressed down Prime Minister Churchill; how a|.

berserk plane-factory worker farmer turned saboteur to settle an old grudge against a utility company he thought was encroaching on his prop- - erty. = Some of the stories are valid and many are not, but all must be in vestigated. p- In the first World War there was ‘a rush to brand as sabotage anything remotély like it, and so with -sedition. ~ Because these are relatively little known crimes, occurring chiefly in wartime, their character is often | Tismersioos.

What Are Your Rights?

jammed production; how a

Wartime news contains hor quent mention of such crimes as sabotage, espionage, sedition, treason. Charles T. Lucey, of the Scripps-Howard Newspapers’ Washington staff, has written four articles ‘about these crimes and about the government's efforts to prosecute real offenses without invading the legitimate ‘rights of loyal citizens. The accompanying article is the first,

nation or any associate nation in

‘right of free speech permit you to|whoever shall willfully injure or de- | 80 In criticizing the president, the|stroy or attempt to injure or de-

army, the way the war is being|stroy any war material, war

| How far does your American preparing for carrying on war, or |

run? premises or war utilities, shall be Is it treason if one of your neigh-| fined not more than $10,000 or imbors finds that you sheltered an prisoned up to 20 years.

.enemy agent? *. Is it sabotage to wreck a train? Here, briefly, are drawn the lines

Just What Is Sedition? SEDITION prosecutions stem not

between these four crimes—treason,| from the old 1798 law, which helped

espionage, sabotage, sedition: .. TREASON, in theory the most ‘heinous crime on the statutes, con-

to wreck the Federalist party, but

from a 1917 statute. It is illegal in wartime to make or

sists in levying war against the|convey false reports or statements "United States or in adhering to its| with intent to interfere with the enemies, giving hel ald and com- operation or success of the military fort. or naval forces or to promote the

of There must be an act; thinking|success of its enemies; to try to

treasonably is not enough. ‘No per-|cause’ insubordination, disloyalty, son can be convicted as a -traitor|mutiny or refusal of military duty, .-except upon testimony of two wit-|and willfully to obstruct recruiting nesses or on confession in an open|or enlisting.

court. It wouldn’t be enough for the government to have one witness each for several acts of trea-

The penalty: Up to $10,000 fine; up to 20 years’ imprisonment. War fervor breeds extremes, and

on. . the line between free speech and

The Proof of Treason

‘Four factors must be proved: 1. The defendant must owe allegiance to the United States,

though there is some: evidence in old cases to suggest this may not pen mean citizenship — & resident alien might be said to owe

allegiance.

2. The person aided and com-

_forted must be an enemy.

3. The person. committing trea-

y son must do it knowingly. 4. There must be an overt:act. Treason carries a death penalty

seditious utterance has been difficult to draw. Protect Legitimate Criticism In the first World War, some persons were accused of such “crimes’ as ; urging higher taxes instead of bond issues,. and of criticizing the ‘Red Cross and the ¥Y. M. C. A. It was found a crime to comment about a knitting project that, “No soldier ever segs those socks.” To steer a course which will curb real sedition without moving into America’s front parlors to limit legitimate criticism of public affairs

or, at the court’s discretion, a|—is the object of ‘Wendell Berge,

minimum prison sentence of five years and a minimum fine of $10,000. "ESPIONAGE is unlawfully obtaining or permitting to be obtained

assistant attorney general in charge of the justice departments criminal division.

NEXT—What Can You Say in

information affecting. national de- Wartime?

fense, unlawfully disclosing information affecting national defense, or conspiracy on either the giving or the getting side. (The classical concept used to relate to troop movements; now it covers all war( production information.) ; It is committed with intent 6 injure this country and aid its enemies.

Prison For Sabotage

The penalty for unlawfully . obtaining such information or permitting it to be obtained is imprison"ment up to 10 years and a fine up to $10,000, but for unlawfully disclosing—rated a more serious crime ~the penalty is death or imprisonment up to 30 years. Both treason and espionage laws are the same in war as in peace. _ SABOTAGE: Under the sabotage statute, when the United States is at war, whoever with intent to injure, interfere with or obstruct the Vi

BIBLE CLUB TO HEAR WRITER ON RELIGION

A prominent writer of religious books will address members of the 40-year-old Bible Investigation club of the Y. M. C. A. at 6 p. m. today at the Central “Y.” He is Dr. J. C. O’Hair, pastor of the North Shore church of Chicago and an authority on Bible prophecy and dispensational truth. Dr. O’Hair will broadcast from the Wheeler City Rescue mission at 4:15 p. m. and will hold services at the mission following the “Y” address.

BENNETT CIRCLE MEETS The T. W. Bennett circle! 23 of the Ladies of the G. A. R. will meet at 1 p. m. tomorrow at Ft. Friendly. Mrs. Irene Compton will preside.

Scrap Drive Proceeds

= Indianapolis. Power & Light Co. employees hand over $100 of their recent scrap drive proceeds to Mrs. Dorothy Buschmann of the Service Men's center. Making the presentation is Roy Badollett. Left to right

(are Bernard Connelly and William 5 > » 8 A automobile chassis was ~ items contributed by ey and men employees of the I apolls Power & Light Co. in their recent scrap drive, which jatiod $120 for war service activi- :

Hehe drive, sponsored. by.

Branson. ‘2 ss and $20 was allotted to the post auxiliary for canteen work. To stimulate competition in the: drive, divisions were set up. The “army” was composed of employees of the general office and industrial building; the “marines” were plant employees and the. “navy” included line, mechanical and Morris st. groups. : The Legion committee in charge “of the drive included William N. , chairman; “Thomas Ww. J.

sedition, espi-|&

|'Honor Man’ of

the wide grin on - Everett Greens face. Mr. Green, the son of Mr. and

station, he’s home on “boot leave” until . tomorrow and on his return he'll get to enter ak : the navy school Mr. Green rps cholce— quartermaster school. An apprentice seaman, Mr. Green is 20 and was among the navy

on the steps of the war memaridl here.

SHORT-SNORTER FOILS 2 YANKS

| Churchill Shows His ‘Card’

On Moscow Hop; Escapes Flying Club Fine.

'! By LELAND STOWE

MOSCOW, Aug. 19—Two young Americans, members of the royal

lair force ferry command, piloted

the B-24 Liberator in which Winston Churchill. and W. Averell Harriman, President Roosevelt's

personal representative, flew to Moscow and they had the British prime minister in the cockpit with them most of the way. En route, they almost caught Churchill] without his “short snorter card—which means that Britain’s No. 1 man would have had to pay them each $1 as a fine, But the prime minister produced his short-snortered 10-shilling note in the nick of time, so they collect-

.ed his signature as a fellow member

of the transoceanic -flying clan. Must Meet Challenge

(The “short snorter” began as a spontaneous gag among a group of

| American fliers and’ is being -per-

petuated as an informal ‘good fellowship club in aviation circles. The chief requirement for membership

is that one must have flown an ocean, at least once, in any capacity. Pilots of the ferry command, pre-

‘sumably, all are members of the

“club.” 9 (A short snorter is required to carry a one-dollar bill, duly inscribed with the term “short

,| snorter” and date of holder’s “in-

duction” as a member. Upon challenge he must produce his “card” and should he not have it on his person—he must hand out dollar bills to all short snorters present.)

Call Churchill the Boss

The Americans are William Vanderklott, 28, of Sarasota, Fla., pilot, and Jack Ruggles, 27, of San Francisco, co-pilot.

In the last king’s birthday honors list, Vanderklott was awarded the Order of .the British Empire for the remarkable job he did early in the ferry command, installing radio ranges for the north Atlantic. Ruggles served with the Chinese air force four years ago and was wounded while there. They call Churchill “the boss” and say he is a great guy.

Too Close to Peaks

“Most of the time the boss was up front with us,” Ruggles said. “He wants to know everything, all about the instruments and everything else.

“He had maps out and kept checking our position. He always wanted to know exactly where we back. mean-looking terrain in Africa,

French territory it was.” (Fighting French headquarters

recently on all phases of Franco-

East.) “They'd Probably Shoot Me’

couldn't go on—what would be do.

body’d get hurt.

ably be made prisoners . .. I've an idea,’ he said, ‘that the Nazis would

were flying over those Persian

|mountains from Bagdad to Tehe-|'

ran,” Ruggles laughed. “You know, those peaks are pretty nasty.

1000 feet and the boss said he thought they'd look better from a

another thousand. He's a Shoct-Storier.

“Once, when he was sitting beside Bill, Bill asked the boss: ‘Are you a short-snorter, sir?’ The prime

card was in his briefcase in the back.

duce my card. Those are the rules,’ he (Churchill) said. “Well, we never heard of that rule, but we didn’t have nerve enough to tell him that by all the rules we knew he owed us each a buck for not having his card on his person when he was challenged.

Naval Company §

There’s three good reasons for.

naval training |

recruits sworn in at public ceremony :

were. I guess he spent more time: In front than with anybody in the ;

“You know, we flew over some:

announced that Gen. Charles Del: Gaulle conferred with Prime Min-|: ister Winston Churchill at Cairo|:

British co-operation in the Middle :

“The boss asked what if we|i

I said; ‘Oh, we could make a belly]: landing with wheels up. Might : knock the kite around a bit but no- § “Then the boss said, ‘But, if wei had to land down there we'd prob-|:

{like to get their hands on me. a Probably they’d shoot me. “It was kind of funny when we|!

“The boss asked, ‘Say, aren't we| flying rather close?’ Bill said about

higher altitude, so we moved up

minister said he was but that his]:

“‘T've got five minutes to pro-|i

eat eand our dhort-shustes : there it.

STRINGS ON YOUR rivoERs—sxciting spice for this back-to-coll at ness and just. what the College ordered—Tom Boy. ol, camo The colors are natural,

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Cannon Turkish Towels, 24x48 : : 59¢ ea.

Wash Cloths.............15¢ ea.,

Ambassador Muslin Sheets, 72x108 1.89

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