Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 July 1942 — Page 11

MONDAY, JULY 27, 1942

Allied Convoy Suffers Attack

THE INDIAN

; These pictures were made during one of the biggest convoy battles ever to take place in the northern trade routes. The action took place this month in the Barents sea when a united nations convoy was attacked by German planes, The enemy squadron leader (above ship in foreground) was shot down,

‘CROATIA KEEPS AXIS HUMPING

Italians and Germans Die In Blackouts Despite Heavy Reprisals.

SOMEWHERE IN EUROPE, July 27.—Advices from Croatia give a very different picture of axis difficulties in the Balkans from recent communiques and reveal a state of unrest surpassing the imagination even in towns under full axis control ‘ : In Zagreb itself, the reports say, the murder of Italian and German soldiers in the blacked-out streets occurs at least five nights a week Practically every night Hitler's black-shirted elite S. S. guards call at the town hall of Zagreb for a number of hostages varying between 20 and 50, depending upon the rank of the victim. The hostages are shot immediately as reprisals. - Any loiterer in the streets after the 10 o'clock curfew, is taken’ to

the town hall for the night and . considered a hostage.

German Soldiers Killed

< Barely a fortnight ago, according to the reports, two pleasure-seeking German soldiers called at a house and asked for women. They were invited to come back the next day by the landlady but on calling they were greeted: by two Croatians who prompily murdered them. As a reprisal, the Nazis surrounded the main square of Zagreb the next morning and arrested all pedestrians. Four hundred and fifty innocent victims are said to have been shot. The Croatians, who are worldfamous as conspirators, are becoming as expert as their Russian and Slav brothers in planting mines. The mines reportedly are furnished by parachute from British planes. In a big Zagreb hotel housing German officers, it was recently discovered that patriots had mined the wooden seats in lavatories and several Nazis had a narrow escape.

Include Children in Reprisals

In an attempt to suppress this constant state of rebellion, the Croatian government recently issued a decree applying punitive measures to members of the family of a person suspected of perpetrating an aggression against occupying troops. Outside the capital the situation is so insecure that the government has renounced plans for moving to the ancient mountain town of Bajaluca because it would be impossible to guarantee the safety of Sffcials in an isolated region. Meanwhile, Italian troops “controlling” Croatia are estimated as high as 250,000. Three full divisions are reported operating against the Chetniks under Gen. Draja Mikhalovic and the only relatively quiet

"a part of the forme: Jugoslav king-

dom is the Bulgarian-occupied region in southeast Serbia.

‘|last urgent appeal for peace.

'So Sorry, We

Know Nothing,

Grew Told After Jap Attack

By ROBERT (Copyright, 1942,

LOURENCO MARQUES, 26 (Delayed) —Ambassador

T. BELLAIRE by United Press)

Portuguese East Africa, July Joseph Clarke Grew was at

breakfast at the United States embassy Monday morning, Dec. 8, listening to his short-wave radio to get a digest of

world events.

From the Japanese-controlled station at Shanghai,

China, blared news reports! that Hawaii had been attacked. Grew rushed from the breakfast table and tele-

phoned the Japanese office. “So sorry, but nothing is known,” was the reply in substance. President Roosevelt had sent Emperor Hirohito Sunday morning (Saturday, United States time), his The Japanese army war lords had held it 12 hours so Grew could not discuss it with the emperor before they made their sneak attack on Pearl Harbor.

, Didn’t See Emperor

But they had released it finally, and Grew had made an appoint-

ment to see the emperor at 10 a. m. Monday—the emperor as well as Grew evidently unaware that the war had started. After news of the attack the appointment at the imperial palace naturally was off. Grew tipped off higher SIbAISY staff members and awaited developments tensely. At 11 a. m,, a Japanese foreign office official called on Edward Savage Crocker II, first secretary, and read him the declaration of war in a most informal manner. Those of the embassy staff below Crocker’s rank did not knew even then that their country had been at war with Japan for a day." While the Japanese official read the declaration, he was interrupted several times by embassy staff members who entered Crocker’s office on routine matters and went out again.

Put Under Arrest

It was in the middle of the night in Tokyo when the Japanese 'attacked Pearl Harbor—T7:55 a. m.

| Sunday, Hawaii time; 12:25 P. M.

Sunday, Indianapolis time, and 3:25 a. m. Monday Tokyo time. I had gone home after learning that Ambassador Grew had made his 10 a. m. Monday appointment with the emperor. At 5 a. m. Monday the Japanese official news agency Domei telephoned to say that the war had begun and that Hawaii had been attacked. : Policemen soon arrived at my home. I was unable to get the embassy by telephone, but I was able to telephone messages to the United Press before police arrived. I do not yet know whether these messages cleared. I doubt it. (The first fragmentary messages did clear, before the war lords clamped on the censorship.) I was confined in my home until 6 a. m. Tuesday.

Then four policemen escorted me to a concentration camp outside

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Tokyo, where I was put with a dozen other Americans into a small, completely bare room. A I had no chance to see the streets of Tokyo the day war was declared. But others told me later that Japanese were anxious and surprised. They stood around radio shops, grimly listening to war bulletins. - My informants said that no enthusiasm was shown. Once during my internment I was taken through the streets to a hospital. They semed deserted compared to normal times. Especially there were few men and even young boys around, for they were now in military training.

Lavish Shelter for King

The very few automobiles and trucks were all charcoal burners. The only entertainment, so far as I saw, was provided by ancient Italian and German and third-rate Japanese films. Movie attendance had fallen off sharply. 1 was: informed that, as time passed, Japanese ‘business became stagnant because of lack of stocks. Japanese shops had been closing for three years; at the last report I heard about 70 per cent had closed, most of them in the year before I left Tokyo. The emperor’s air raid shelter, in his palace grounds in the heart of the city, is of reinforced concrete, 50 feef underground. It is lavishly equipped, so the emperor and his family could remain there for days in comfort. There is even a special room where the imperial princesses could continue their studies.

Face Food Shortage

An army armored car is standing ‘by at all times to evacuate the imperial family to the country in event of a big scale aerial offensive. On the basis of information I believe authentic, I can say that a week after the war started, the Bare-bones Tokyo market was suddenly flooded with food. The war lords Spharendy wanted to raise morale. But “normal” was soon restored, and women began again to stand in line for hours waiting for food. Even before the war there had been a scarcity and there had been no cotton, leather or woolens. Dietary ailments are now alarmingly common, and other diseases such as tuberculosis are increasing. ‘During my internment the police helped themselves to my household possessions. I noticed they especially wanted shoes and suits even above more valuable possessions such as curios. Japanese are now permitted fuel two months a year. Prices are sky high and many go heatless. Salaries in Japan have remained stationary for four years; taxation has increased up to 300 per cent. So even if supplies were available the average Japanese could not buy them. 3 The government promised the | people. rice and sugar from the occupied South seas. But in midJune the situation was worse than in December: The transport system is unable to handle war necessities despite the sharp restrictions. Even food shipments are reduced to bare necessities. Railroad rolling stock has not been repaired or replaced for several years. Accidents are numerous.

Shipping Chief Problem

Railroad stations are piled with essential material awaiting shipment. Much rolling stock must be shipepd to occupied areas for army use in scorched earth districts, Japanese finance faces tremendous problems because of skyrocketing inflation. The government is trying to keep public purchasing power at a minmum by heavy taxation and ineffective price fixing. One item in this year’s budget provded funds to increase the size of government mints and printing presses. . But perhaps Japan's most ‘pressing problem is to replace: shipping

jou iby. the allics, $0 keep be

| with the .

S TIMES

PAGE 1

— One Ship Goes - to the Bott:

A hit!

was en route to northern Russia

‘HOW JAPANESE

TOOK HONGKONG

First Inside Story of Trek Through City’s Sewers For Sneak Attack.

By RICHARD C. WILSON Copyright, 1942, by the United Press LOURENCO MARQUES, PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA, July 26 (Delayed)—While the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, thousands of Japanese troops were sneaking through sewers at Hongkong to strike at British empire forces from

the rear in another “sneak” attack. At about dawn, Monday in Hongkong, about four hours after the Pearl Harbor attack, a Japanese plane fleet swept over Hongkong, Air raid sirens wailed, but the 1,500,000 residents, mostly Chinese, thought it was a drill. The planes attacked the Kaitak airport, incidentally destroying the Pan American Airways clipper plane on which I was about to leave for Manila.

Led by 5th Columnists

In black, rubber soled shoes, like American overshoes, Japanese troops sent from the Canton area of Southern China were sneaking Through drainage tunnels which led into the Kowloon British leased territory on

Hongkong island. The tunnels had been forgotten by everybody but Japanese spies. Led by former-barbers, clerks and shopkeepers, who for years had lived on the patronage of British and other white residents of Hongkong, the troops suddenly emerged and made a rear attack on the heavily outnumbered British defenders. Thus Hongkong had its own counterpart of Pearl Harbor—a counterpart which there was fatal. I was already sitting in a PanAmerican Airways bus outside the Hongkong peninsula hotel when the attack began. The bus moved off slowly. A Chinese clerk ran out, scrambled aboard and announced that the clipper plane on which I was to leave had been “delayed.”’

Ink Helps British Retreat

Just at that moment, I saw planes diving in the distance and heard the sputter of machine guns. Eighteen days later Hongkong fell. The Japanese wore uniforms sprinkled with green strings for camouflage. They carried a combination overcoat - raincoat and wore a helmet covered by green netting. I was in the Repulse bay area just -before the surrender. Canadian and British troops had been ordered to withdraw. It was 2 a. m. Dec. 23. The British troops began moving out along the highway. The Japanese, sneaking up, began to shoot them one by one, firing by the crack of the solid British boots on the road. Along with others I rounded up all the ink in the nearest hotel and we dyed the gray socks of the soldiers black, so that with their shoes off, the socks coyld not be seen against the black night. Those who had no time to get their socks dyed walked barefoot.

Today’

Stalingrad may prove of great significance. The German idea in breaking through at Voronezh was to protect the left flank from a Russian drive southward against their Stalingrad-bound forces. This flank remains exposed, provided the Russians have sufficient reserves northeast and east of Voronezh. : According to neutral military in-

formation reported from Ankara, the Russlanie have masied a Hig re.

A black column of smoke rises from one ship that we clouds, the craft is shown sinking.

the’ Chinese mainland across from |

slowly. Two other vessels were when planes of the Heinkel

Arthur Williams To Be Honore!

ARTHUR F. WILLIAMS, bus| ness secretary and educatio director of the Indianapolis ¥.

afternoon at a party in the tral “Y.” : ! Mr. Williams leaves Wednes: 5 to go on duty as a captain in : technical division of the, air cars at Chanute Field, Hl. The program was to be unis the direction of a committee ¢f «y” secretaries, including Waris Fisher, Robert Storm and o il Alford. ;

EXPERT PRAISES “STOKES SERIES

William Ziff Urges Public To Insist on Air-Minde Generals.

Times Special ; NEW YORK, July 27. — Wiliis

aviation, today praised the cur articles by Thomas L. Stokes, c: lining the possibility of destroyi German industry with airpower. | “The way Mr. Stokes is hart the subject is nothing short of wre derful,” Mr. Ziff said. “The & informed people shout out © facts the greater will be the n ber who realize their importance

down in Washington for two yee: I talked from Great Britain © America, on an international hog up, along the same line that Stokes is writing about.” were in agreement on the idea of that would Bring about her defeit.

do not share this conviction of fae air authorities.

Warns We Might Lose and get into the full use of likely to lose this war.”

leaders were becoming air-mixiced, and,

military leaders. And he

bear.

Germany's transportation days.”

tinued bonibings that would vent repairs.

DISTRICT 43 TO GET

avees. .and 10th and 17th sts. open at 7:15 o'clock tonigly School 26, 1301 E. 16th st.

completed.

s War Moves

Y LOUIS F. KEEMLE United Press War Analyst As the Germans forge ahead at Rostov and alc pi the lower Don, attention is likely to be diverted : the stand the Russians are making around IY at the northern end of the 250-mile battle zone, Voronezh, which the Germans claimed to taken two weeks ago, not only still stands but the Russians have recrossed the Don at several points and are battling fiercely for the west bank of the river. The unexpected Russian strength at Voronezh while the full German weight is being thrown against the lower Don and its bend opgosite

B. Ziff, noted civilian authority on

“I've been preaching those things Se

"He said British air: Supp sustained air attack on Germal ny

But there are others, he said, ino

“If we don’t change our tastics zirpower,” Mr. Ziff warned, “we are

He said he believed our m: iit ary

“more important,” airpoverminded. He thinks public opinion could play a great part in speeding up this change in the attituce of thinks the Stokes articles will be of reat aid in bringing public opinion: to

Mr. Ziff said he believed that a “planned attack from the air” on system would “knock out Germany in three But to “keep her knocked lout,” he said, would require con- | pre-

AIR WARDEN SCHOOL

An air raid warden’s schoo. for men and women living in an area bounded by Cornell and N. Arienal will at

Robert D. Westfall, chief warden for district 43, said the classes will last from 7:15 until 10:15 p. rm. and will be held each Monday i1ight until a 25-hour course has been

\ struck. Enveloped by low-hanging Jlamaged by torpedoes. The convoy ype attacked.

SAY NAZIS KILL 250,000 POLES

Exiled Officials Claim 50,000 Others Meet Death

In Prison Camps.

LONDON, July 27 (U. P.).—German executioners have shot or hanged at least 250,000 Poles and an additional 50,000 have died in concentration camps, Stanislaw Mikolajezyk, vice-premier of the Polish government in exile said today. The executions were ordered to further a Nazi campaign to “completely annihilate Polish intellectual life” and break all resistance to the German regime, he said. Outside. Warsaw, he disclosed, a “village of death” has been established where 12,000 to 15,000 Polish political and educational leaders have been slain. The village is named Palmiry, and in a forest on its outskirts the Germans carry out mass executions and bury their victims in unmarked graves. Close Polish Industries At least 200,000 Jews have been executed since the German army marched into Poland in 1939, Mikolajeyzk said. Since last November, 138,000 Poles have been slain. A quarter of a million of Poland’s

best workers have been sent to Germany for enforced labor and 1,500,-

"1000 peasants and artisans from the

‘| western provinces have been sent into central Poland to build roads and fortifications without pay, a! Mikolajczyk said. These workers are permitted to send their families the equivalent of 50 cents monthly. © The vice-premier said all Polish industries not serving the Nazi war machine have been closed, either by the Germans or because of a lack of raw materials.

Ignore Vatican

The Germans have refused a request of Pope Pius that Polish bishops and priests be released from concentration camps. The Vatican informed the Polish government here that repeated notes had been sent to the German government protesting the barbarous treatment of Poles in concentration camps. All monasteries and convents have been closed in 10 Polish dioceses, religious buildings have been ransacked and nuns and monks deported to Germany for war work. Church leaders also were rebelling against the German occupation regime in Norway, where six bishops dismissed from the state church by puppet leader Vidkun Quisling have announced the formation of an independent Norwegian church.

LION’S MENU CHANGED

BOSTON, July 27 (U.P.).—Lions at Boston’s Franklin park zoo went on a horsemeat diet today’ as result of the New England beef shortage. Curator Daniel J. Harkins said the animals would have to accustom themselves to the meat as huge quantities of ‘beef usually fed them have been cut off by the current shortage.

serves against their left flank: At the same time the Caucasus army, S| which is smaller but still powerful, would start a northward counteroffensive. A great deal depends on the next two months. The Germans may m | make extensive territorial gains, but if the Russian armies are intact at

~|the end of September, the situation nave

gor the allies will look definitely encouraging and it may be possible to envisage the turning point of the war in their favor.

Hitler Racing 2d Front A Russian counter-offensive from

to. have a formidable Asiatic army

back of Leningrad. A Russian counter-attack

shal Timoshenko,

fore it started.

Tt is-possible that if the Gel rans, who |

thus can be visualized if the Geiraan drive begins to spend its force. Marwhose military genius is recognized, has had many months to map his plans fcr resisting this offensive. Even nori-1nil-itary observers were able to foiecast, the general lines it would follow be-

the north and south on even a greater scale than the one begun at the end of last November might be possible. ‘It also is quite probable that by that time the allies will be ready to attack in western Europe. Hitler then would have the dreaded major war on two fronts and it seems improbable that his weary armies and depleted resources could stand the strain.

staking so much on the present [drive and taking sych enormous

That apparently is why he is|

.So Does a Nazi Plane .

This is the plane claimed by as U.

S. destroyer as one they are

sure of. The pilot is heading for his last sunset. Three other planes

were hit.

They're Looking ~ For Bach's Head

CARMEL, Cal., July 27 (U. P.). Police examined fingerprints on a stainless steel torso of the composer, Johann - Sebastian Bach, today for clues to the. whereabout, of a 200-pound, blue-gran-ite head. The head wae attached to the 15-foot torso until Saturday when it disappeared from Devendorf plaza a few hours before celebration of this art colony’s annual Bach festivities in the Carmel Forest theater, where it was to have been unveiled. Beniamino Bufano, the sculptor, could offer no clues to police or federal agents. Federal agents joined the inquiry because NYA students had aided Bufano. Mayor Keith Evans said such acts would “go over big in Nazi .Germany but I thought we had outgrown such things here.”

INDIA TO RESIST, GANDHI WARNS

Any Aggression From East To Be Fought He Says In Note to Japs.

BOMBAY, India, July 27 (U. P.). —Mohandas - K. Gandhi, warned the Japanese - today that India would resist any aggression from the East. The spiritual leader of the allIndia congress despite his bitter quarrel with Britain, angrily denounced Japanese aggression in an open letter addressed to “every Japanese” and published in his newspaper, Harijan.

LONDON, July 27 (U. P.).—Sir Stafford Cripps charged in a radio broadcast to the United States yesterday that Mohandas Gandhi prefers to jeopardize the freedom and the whole cause of the united nations than wait for Indian independence until after the war.

SOLDIER ADMITS SLAYING CHEYENNE, Wyo. July 27 (U. P.).—Sergt. Carlton R. Rufenacht, 21, of Lodgepole, Neb., killed his wife because she asked him to take care of the baby “while she went out with another man,” he told a coroner’s jury. He said his wife had been “going out with soldiers from Pt. Warren, civilians and an officer.”

‘BLOCK BUSTERS’

SIX-FEET LONG

England’s Two-Ton Bombs Not Impressive Looking But Pack Punch.

By JAMES CHAMBERS United Press Staff Correspondent

LONDON, July 27 (U. P.).—The “big, beautiful! bombs” that Lord Beaverbrook promised Adolf Hiflep months ago now are dropping on German cities and their destructive power is so great that even the Germans refer to them as “block busters.” What these two-ton super-duper bombs are like, the air ministry doesn’t fully explain. Actually, i is said, they are about six feet in

length and not exceptionally ime pressive looking. } A 12-man crew handles the loading of them in the bays of the ° giant four-motored planes. They are trundled under the shis bellies in low slung l0rries : id mechanical cranes ease them into position. How they are released is a secret, but it is known that all British bombs can be released either singly, in salvoes or sticks,

Pulverlse Whole Blocks

* When the air ministry said that 50 of the 4000-pound bombs were dropped in the raid on Duisburg last week it was the first time it had mentioned a specific number, but it was known that the super bombs had been used previously at Rostock, Luebeck, Cologne and Essen, where entire blocks were ripped down by pulverizing blasts. Britain’s reaction to the news that two-tonners were dropping on the Ruhr was not one of mirth. People who know what it is to hear bombs ‘screaming down and who have seen the terrible damage they cause, don’t see anything funny about a bombing. Rather, the res action is: “Well, they started it, but we'll cure them of starting anything else like it.” Pictures of damaged German cities, however, show entire blocks of buildings turned into rubble and twisted steel, and pilots have explained that when such a bomb hits, the walls of the buildings first bulge and then the entire structure collapses toward the point of the hit. .

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