Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 5 June 1942 — Page 4

= PAGE 1

Victories And Defeats Durin

(Continued from Page One)

time and place for major attack. That soon will be changing. Here is the picture in more detail; the story as best it can be

fathered from sources in touch with all phases of the war effort:

War Prodaction

American war production is ahead of schedule. Undersecretary of War Robert P. Patterson says that our arms production is

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running ahead of our shipping facilities. He warns that not all production problems have been solved. We are just beginning to win the production battle. We haven't won it yet. But Washington, all of Washington, says we will, There are painful scarcities of raw materials, notably rubber, copper and tin. Officials sometimes seem to be spending too much time bickering among themselves about who is to blame for those shortages. But more important than those arguments is the fact that programs of substitution and conservation —rationing — are being undertaken firmly and doggedly to minimize the cost of our lack of foresight. Manufacturers of automobiles and many other products “essential” to the peacetime life of the nation has ended for the duration. We are producing more airplanes each month than during all of 1939 and they are flying to battlefronts throughout the world. The rate has passed 3500 per month and it is going up— way up. Mr. Patterson says Mr. Roosevelt's goal of 60,000

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planes by the end of this year will be surpassed. Next year's goal is 125,000. Tank and ammunition production keeps pace with the output of planes.

Labor and Employment

There are 53,400,000 of us gainfully employed outside the military establishments. About 10,-

790,000 of us are working on farms. The remaining 41,000,000 make the tanks, run the streetcars, mix the drinks, bake the pies, manufacture clothes and perform all the other jobs our nation has to offer. There are 3,000,000 of us without jobs, probably largely through incompetence or incapacity. Fewer than 1,000,000 persons were employed two years ago in what then were called defense industries. Now the manpower commission figures 10,500,000 men and women are working in war plants ana associated services. The total by Dec. 31 is estimated to be 17,000,000.

Finance

These figures are so large as to be almost incomprehensible. However: The treasury reports that it has spent $28,222,000,000 since July 1, of which $22,375,000,000 was for war. During the same period the treasury collected $10,353,000,000. That means that we, the people, have loaned ourselves approximately $18,000,000,000 in the last 11 months to make up the difference between income and outgo. War spending is approaching $1,000,000,000 a week. The books show that we began to awaken to the world’s peril in June, 1940, after the low countries fell and as France was falling. Since then congress has authorized the government to spend $166,435,000,000 for the army, navy, lend-lease and other war operations. Actual contracts and other commitments aggregate $108,176,000.000. If you ever wonder what happens to your tax pennies and dollars, please read those figures again. All of them are in “billions.” Our national income—the aggregate sum that all of us earn— will be about $109,000,000,000 this vear, up 44 per cent over 1941. The cost of living in large cities has increased 14 per cent since June, 1940. a Against that 14 per cent hike in the cost of living, the treasury reports that the average weekly earnings of manufacturing industry workers had increased as of last March by 40.2 per cent over the figure of June, 1940. Taxes are going up. They prob-

Six Months Of War Re

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ably will not come down much for a long time because we are accumulating a big national debt which must be paid off. It was $74,312961,383.33 at the moment this was written. It has been increasing of late at the rate of nearly $1,000,000 an hour.

Shipping Axis submarines have sunk more than 250 merchant ships in western Atlantic waters this year. Production of American

shipyards is just getting abreast of the sinking rate. However, by autumn the schedule calls for three ship deliveries a day; 540 over a six-month period. President Roosevelt has asked for delivery of 23,000,000 deadweight tons of shipping this year and next. That means that shipyards must deliver nearly five ships a day next year. A bottleneck in steel hampered ship construction a little. So did labor troubles. Rear Admiral Howard L. Vickery, vice chairman of the maritime commission, now says “labor is proving itself equal to the gigantic task. Shipyard labor and management are co-operating as never before.” Admiral Vickery believes the 2300 ship program for 1942-43 will be realized and says: “In 1943, when all the yards are in full production, if we are able to obtain the steel, I am confident that American shipyard workers will deliver, not the 15,000,000-ton objective set by the president for next year but upwards of that to 20,000,000 tons.”

Navy

The navy suffered heavily at Pearl Harbor, in the Java sea and other engagements, and has a tremendous job on its hands.

Built for one-ocean duty, it is seeing action on all the seven seas. While lacking the ships to stop the East Coast submarine losses now, it is steadily whittling away at Japanese sea strength and it is getting supplies through —to England, Russia, Australia, Indian, Africa, Iceland — every continent, every clime. To Australia is 12,000 miles. To Murmansk, in northern Russia, is 5000 miles. To the east coast of Africa, with supplies for India and China and some for Russia, is 12,000 miles. The navy must protect shipping on all those routes, as well as across the North Atlantic to England and Ireland. Japan’s navy is not much smaller than ours. But instead of having those great distances to cover, the Japanese have at most about 8000 miles of seaway to protect, mostly in waters they control. Despite all those disadvantages

sive campaigns on our own. Our

troop transports to those places are getting through safely but more ships are necessary to keep them supplied and for reinforcements. Our strongest forces are in northern Ireland and Australia.

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Gen. Marshall has said that our troops will land in France. He mentioned no time. It is inevitable that they will invade the continent, perhaps first in conjunction with the British. Our armored forces are growing rapidly. The seventh . armored

division was organized in March and more are coming. Greater emphasis is being given armored detachments in the formation ot the greatest army in American history. The strength of the army air force is secret, but it is growing at a tremendous rate. Parachute troops, air-borne troops and glider pilots are being trained.

World Strategy

There are too many uncertainties and unknown factors to permit presentation of a clear picture of strategy for united nations victory. Our top men—in conference here and in London—are working out their plans in a series of secret conferences. Germany and Japan are capable of marshailing great offensives and it probably will be months before the initiative on big fronts can be wrested from them. Until then, except for hammering away with mass air offensives against Germany and continuation of our tactics in the Pacific, the united nations will be more or less on the defensive, with the enemy choosing the big theaters of operations. A great deal depends on Russia. If the red army can hold the Nazi drive consistently, the German cause will suffer greatly. If the British—and forthcoming American—air raids on Germany succeed in relieving pressure on the Russian front, that too will be of great strategic importance

until an actual land front can be

established. Military experts considering the possibility of Russia becoming involved against Japan see the present delicately balanced RussoJapanese situation continuing un-

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Y, ] dy » d less either side upsets the equilib rium by some calculated move. Siberian or Kamchatka bases would not do the United States much good until we are ready to swarm in with great numbers of planes, pilots, ground crews and equipment. China presents a critical situation. Japan seems determined to knock China out of the war. China’s internal economy is faltering. She has sufficient manpower but needs materials and war equipment. It is vital to the campaign against Japan to keep China in the war and preserve

bases from which Japan can be bombed.

For a Better World

Our policy makers are hard bitten and realistic in their resolve that it must and shall be a better world after the war, with the axis not only beaten but disarmed. Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles said in a Memorial day speech that the age of imperialism is dead. He spoke for the liberation of all peoples. Secretary of State Cordell Hull is expected to speak in the same vein soon. Great Britain and the United States, and China and the United States, have entered “master” lend-lease agreements putting into formal language the eight principles of the Atlantic Charter. The agreements look toward promotion of improved world-wide economic relations. Russia has been invited to participate in this agreement for a better post-war world based on the Hull trade program of doing away with restrictive trade barriers and working toward universal free trade.

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the American navy has done great damage to Japanese shipping. It has destroyed in six months the product of a year’s work in Japanese shipyards. American submarines alone thus far have sunk or put out of action more than 70 Japanese ships. Altogether, U. S. navy and army forces have sunk or damaged 261 Japanese ships of all types. Navy “task forces” have kept on the offensive with successful raids on the Marshall and Gilbert islands and Marcus island, and defeated an enemy force in the Coral sea. The navy now has 526,000 men and ' the marines more than 100,000. The navy should have 2,000,000 men by 1944 and there will be at least 160,000 marines by the end of this year. The fieet’s strength is being increased daily by new ships launched under the two-ocean program started before the war, Still another building program, with greater emphasis on aircraft carriers and submarines, is pending. The axis cannot begin to keep up with our naval construction. Increasing emphasis upon air power is indicated in navy planning. The navy is planning to train at least 30,000 pilots a year; thousands more for ground crews.

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