Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 12 December 1941 — Page 43

FRIDAY, DEC. 12, 1941

230 HISTORY

PARLEY OPENS)

Ooo to Address Group Tonight on ‘TH» Crisis and Our Democracy.’

The 23d annual Indiana History Conference opened today at the Hotel Lincoln with the luncheon and annual business meeting of the Indiana Historical Society. The program following the luncheon will be devoted to reports of officers and committees. The State banner will be awarded for the com-

ing year to the county group which | has added the largest number of

new members to the Indiana Society. Election of officers will be held at 2 p. m. The nominating committee members are Prof. A. D. Beeler of Butler University, chairman; Fred Bates Johnson, Indianapolis; Mrs. Agnes Tilson Adcock, Greenwood; Mrs. William R. Johnson, Franklin, and Gale Smith, Fowler. Opening the general session at 2 p. m. in the Travertine Room of the Lincoln, Dr. John W, Oliver, University of Pittsburgh history professor, will speak on the theme: “Some Historians Should Be Drafted.” Tonight's session at 8 o'clock in the Travertine Room will feature the address of Dr. Frederic A. Ogg, University of Wisconsin History professor and American Political Science Association president. His subject will be “The Crisis and Our Democracy.”

One of the blood donors to the Red Cross blood bank is Mrs. Elias

C. Atkins. Red Cross Chairman William Fortune recalls that Mrs. Atkins is following family tradition in aiding the soldiers. Mrs. Atkins’ mother, Mrs. Philemon Watson, volunteered aid to the Red Cross in the last war and Mr. Fortune, who was chairman then also, assigned her to the Unicn Station Canteen.

NAME TWO LOCAL

st., and Robert P. Surface, 931 N. Bradley St, have been advanced to

MEN CORPORALS |the rank of corporal

Times Special

CAMP WHEELER, Ga,, Dec. 12.— Two Indianapolis Selective Service privates, John R. McVay, 542 E. 38th

The two corporals have completed 13 weeks’ basic infantry training with Company B of the 15th Training Battalion. They will remain with the battalion as instructors.

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JAPAN DOPTS NAZI METHODS

Unlikely to Crack Easily, Scientist Says as He Explains Her Past.

By EMILY C. DAVIS (Copyright, 1041, by Science Service) WASHINGTON, Dec. 12.—<At war with Japan, Americans should remember that we are in conflict with & nation that fights German-style, with a feudal hangover. This in substance is the view of three anthropologists and archaeologists with whom the writer has talked, asking the question: What can we learn that is helpful in this

Far Eastern war from scientific studies on the Japanese people? Understanding Japan's past helps us to interpret present war moves and motives, all of these scientists believe. Interviewed by long-distance telephone, Dr. Ralph Linton, Columbia University anthropologist in New York, pointed out that the Japanese in their medieval age were so courteous and formal in their fighting that they actually allowed ceremony to endanger welfare. When armies met, the Japanese custom was to send out champions from either side to introduce themselves and give a Who's Who biography of their exploits.

Opponent Could Interrupt

The opponent might interrupt if he detected a wrong statement. Battling which followed was similar to that of European knights in combat. - In the thirteenth century, the Japanese came up against Mongols whe did not know about sporting rules of this warfare. Japanese, says Dr. Linton, lost heavily in champions before they realized that Mongols fought blitz fashion.

Still, the Japanese remained in their feudal age until mid-10th Century, when the Western World broke in. When the Japanese modernized their land fighting machine, from the start they copied first French, then German methods, sending a commission to study the German army. For their navy, they chose a British model.

Devoted to Emperor

But while they admire efficiency of Western war, the Japanese still linger partly in the feudal age. It is significant, Dr. Linton pointed out, that they are tremendously devoted to their emperor—the last ruler of a nation on earth who is venerated as a god-king. Because of their form of government and the strength of their tradition, the Japanese are not likely to crack up readily. Their soldiers and sailors will put up a terrific fight, this anthropologist believes. To this view, Dr. Carl W. Bishop, archaeologist of the Freer Gallery of Art, added the comment that the modernized Japan made war without warning on Russia in 1904, sinking two cruisers in a Korean harbor before any declaration of war. Dr. Bishop and a third scientist specializing in Far Eastern studies, who refused on account of official connections to allow his name to be used, agreed that the Japanese have the mental outlook of a feudal le. The reasons: e Japanese have emerged from their feudal isolation only within a century. This is a short time to change deep-rooted culture traits.

Education Regimented

Then, the Japanese had no free and universal education—as the Chinese had—until the feudal age ended. Even the educational system which has been evolved in Japan within the past 80 years is described as regimented education, designed to foster feudal virtues. The Japanese, said this scientist, classify as ‘dangerous thoughts” those dealing with such matters as the Empero, or war or government policy. Sudh thoughts may not be discussed by individuals. This brings up a third reason why the Japanese remain partly in a feudal world. No Japanese is an individual, as a Westerner or a

f|Chinese is. If you ask a question

on any controversial topic, a Japanese will try to find out first what

i [the group thinks. He has no right,

he believes, to express his opinion. It is the opinion of the family, the group, or the Government which counts.

No peculiar psychology dependent on heredity explains Japanese attitudes. This 4s the verdict of these three scientists. The history of Japan contains the clues

bf [to what the people are.

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Members of Southport High School’s Seniorority Club were to hold their annual Christmas party at 5 p. m. today in the school cafeteria. Girls in charge of the dinner are: Betty Askin, chairman; Alice Kashner, Marjorie Conner,

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COPE hl RR me SOMEWHERE IN EUROPE, Dec. 12.—Hitler’'s declaration of war against the United States came to a Europe fatigued by 10 years of tension, torn by two years of war and reeling under the impact of a giant new conflict in the Pacific. How the declaration was received by the German people it is impossible to say.

It is certain that they have been discouraged and disappointed by the progress of the Russian campaign and amazed at the High Command’s announcement that winter requires a virtual halt in operations. There have been plain hints in recent accounts in the Swiss press that’ not only must operations be limited but withdrawals compelled in several sectors in order to provide quarters for the Nazi millions against the cruel cold. The Berner Tagwacht suggests this means relief in pressure on the Moscow-Leningrad line. The National Zeitung of Basil asks the question whether the army command has other plans for soldiers stationed in Russia. It is understood

New Phase of War Begun With Germans Discouraged Over Outcome in Russia

that some must be withdrawn as far as Smolensk and other cities for livable barracks. ' The Neue Zuercher Ze'''~-3 today says that the panz :@ spearheads at forward bases have been eliminated to avoid flanking efforts of the still attacking Russians who so far have refused to recognize the “winter pause.” For much of the rest of Eurape the declaration of war against the United States brought concern and

relief—concern because of the deep-|sia

seated conviction that the continent must suffer much worse before things improve, relief because it marks, one more step in the clarification of previously unparalleled American-Germayg relations. News of early Japanese successes in the Pacific brought a shock of depression to many in Europe, particularly Hitler's victims who have long felt that the United States’ entry into the war represented the last hope of ultimate freedom and would bring a decisive turning point. It adds the conviction that the war with all its accompanying horrors will be long and bitter. ' The Nazis, meanwhile, take the of-

ficial attitude that the Japanese entry and initial blows mark the beginning of a new phase of war. The National Zeitung quotes political and military circles in Berlin as arguing that the first phase included the expulsion of England from the continent, destruction of the “robber power” to the east, the establishment of a blockade and the establishment of a blockade-proof continental economy through the resources they hope to tap from Rus-

The second phase, these circles continue, now has begun. The United States is required to divert, they insist, the aid previously available to England and Russia, opening the way for heavy new blows in the Atlantic against England. The altered situation offers, they say, “completely new strategic possibilities.”

SAYS “HELLO” 30 YEARS BREWSTER, Nebs (U, P.). — If you ring the Dunning-Brewster telephone line you'll contact Mrs. Jennie “Ma” Woodward, 79, the only “hello girl” for more than 30

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[BRITISH REMOVE

LIBYAN GENERAL

Cunningham ' Repaced by . Ritchie of Impressive Near East Record.

Copyright, 1941, by The Indianapolis Times and The Chicago Daily News, Inc. LONDON, Dec. 12,— While news from Libya continues to be good, it is announced that Gen. Alan Gordon Cunningham, commander of the 8th Army has been relieved of his command and replaced by 44-year-old Maj. Gen. Neil Ritchie, London. had expected to see Gen. Cunningham removed and the announcement comes as no surprise. His tactics and “independence” were’ thought in some circles to have contributed to some of the initial setbacks. : His successor has an impressive record in the Near East. He was in Mesopotamia in 1916 and 1917, then in Egypt and before this war in Palestine. After an outstanding record in the 1940 battle of Flanders, Gen. Ritchie went to Palestine.

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