Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 August 1941 — Page 2

PAGE 2.

Greece in Irons—

ITALIANS IMITATE NAZI FUNNY MONE

But Duce's Forces Make Four Grammatical Errors and Misspell Two Words in Printing New Notes To Loot Bare Greek Cupboard.

(This is the second of a special group of uncensored articles by George Weller on Greece in Axis chains.)

By GEORGE WELLER Copyright, 1841, by The Indianapolis Times and The Chicage Daily News, Ine.

ATHENS, Aug. 2.—Imitating the issue by the German

By LUDWELL DENNY Times Special Writer

WASHINGTON, Aug. 2—With six weeks past, and six weeks yet to go before bad weather bogs the Nazis in the vast steppes and marshes, Washington still fears the outcome of the Battle of Russia. Of course, there is more hope now than on June 22—thanks to what

| President Roosevelt calls Russia's “magnificent” resistance—but there ! was no hope in Washington then of such a stand.

Today there is no disposition to discount Russia's achievement, or to dismiss it as luck. Praise of the Red soldier, flier, and command, is unrestrained. Even if Russia now were to collapse quickly, she would still be credited with a near-miracle and with buying Britain valuable time. Likewise there is rejoicing that she is saving so much of her unusually large harvest, and leaving the invader only “scorched earth.” There is more assurance that Stalin will not surrender as easily as Petain, and that peasants will harry the Nazis with such guerilla and sabotage warfare as Hitler has never seen. Then why—with these unexpected Russian advantages, and Napoieon” winter coming soon—is there no more faith in a Soviet vietory”? It is partly a lingering superstition, born of uninterrupted Nazi victories to date. It is also the fact that Germany still has preponderant machine power to throw against Russia's larger manpower.

Fort Gets Private Road

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' THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

Washington Still Fears Outcome o

wehrmacht of military money, the Italian forces of occupation have begun spending with a liberal hand more bayonetbacked currency, sending the already sunken Green drachma gold or silver backing, whether it has any value at all. The effect of the German inflation through Reichskreditkassenscheine, as the occupational marks are officially | printed on the spot by the U S OUTS OFF German Army's movable two- {Js Uh truck mint, was to clean] Greece of all vendable articles| JAP | AR FUE : ~chasi wer of the : BON ar bo Tokyo Must Decide Now on rac . i The suffering among salary-de-Greeks has been great. Now the) Strongest Yet. new Italian inflation comes along. WASHINGTON, Aug. 2 (U. P).— Just as it did after the conquest of \The United States struck a new ecoEE Cupboard o> machine today by making airtight ted their hopes by printing money the existing embargo on aviation The top level of the German SYN s [wong on Sifter Deirejéum A gn inflation was the 5000-mark notes, e newest movi worth 250.000 drachmas, or about octane fuels with which the Japa- : |planes. The State Department folFH} of Mistakes ‘lowed the President by canceling all The Italian money is printed and existing licenses for the exportation di Credito per la Grecia,” a hitherto will have to be obtained. unheard of organization. In the| president Roosevelt's “short of fact that the money is issued IN war” action last night to halt Japthat Italy assumes the state privi- ful, if not the ultima ie, mogs n thlege of printing Greek currency, economic warfare which this Go from which it is reasoned that the ernment is waging against the Ax Greece permanently within his em- "Mr. Roosevelt apparently has| pire. |abandoned the last vestige of the Greece's rewest brand of funny appeasement policy toward Japan, of Mercury on one side and a head oq lted in the United States making of wheat on the other, and it is 4; available to the Japanese to| The hew. SE — pam te Po Netherlands East Indies and seizing | arity tnrough the iac ‘N oil stocks there. | its two Greek inscriptions contain “ro "lo action by this Govern-|

to levels so low that it is questionable, since it totally lacks known, which have been and reduce to one-fourth the Future; FDR Action Is pendent and cash - dependent Albania. nomic blow at the Japanese war as high as 100,000 drachma notes. fuel and oil and imposing strict rathe price of an automobile. ‘nese have been operating their warfssued by the “Cassa Mediterranea of petroleum products. New licenses drachmas, not in lire, is seen proof anese aggression is the most powerDuce may be planning to draw partner in the Pacific. money is pale green, with a head which he explained recently had printed both in Greek and Italian. keep them from moving into the

mistakes in spelling and grammar.|, .... jet Japan with a momentous The issuing bank itself A ose. | choice. The Tokyo Government must | its own name Cl A : ® of tha, NOW decide whether to abandon its 5 tO The ony Plans for expansion to the South— ee - . “th escent 2 move which would stimulate better Dither re grr tar Ste nomi. | relations with the United States—or ve is translated into Greek | devend . irs ey Sup. 15 Tuas Gnie : ~~ |port from Axis partners in a miliin 13 Nn a ary thrust to obtain oil resources oe wy a Ciba > /in the Indies. : { As the relations between this GovGress ry N16 ernment and Japan were placed unWhile the inflation unleashed der greater strain, the President esypon Greece by the two occupying tablished machinery by which he armies places the Prjinesy looting could instantaneously cut off all of war upon a somewhat more ele- American oil supplies to Japan vated level, neither Germany nor should that Government persist in Ttaly has vét said at what point, if|gooression. any, they mean to check it. Negotia-| ‘gijnce 1938, the Government has | tions have been opened with both jog a “moral embargo” and later a " gi = he Maeel actual prohibitions Sfalit It * Cl IT S. | s s rap : ak port of high octane or aviation fue Hadjimichalis, Zavitsianos and Ne- and oil to Japan. But the Japanese Froponie, ran ne gy OS ating have been buying [envy in lower 5 | des of oil and fuel. money and the Italians to stay | Snr Roosevelt apparently was within the bounds of the German gntinuing the policy of parallel aca . : : sas he According to the estimate of the 00 With ihe Bilis oe Greek financial committee—uncer- , amie warfare against Japan. tain because even in late June the n P Germans still refused to give them any definite figures — the total amount of Reichskreditkassenscheine printed and spent by the Germans was about 3,500.000.000 drachmas. Should the Italians; agree to stay within this figure, they,

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will get considerably less for their) {money out of Greece, because she| has little left to give and the prices! of that little have been raised by inflation of the first-comers. | In a timid and mouselike way, the] Tsolakoglou Government is even | going into inflation of its own. Be- | cause hoarders have taken out of! circulation all drachma coins, the highest of which was five drachmas. the Government is planning to print 'a supply of small bills. As one diplo-| mat expressed it: | “All vou need to buy drachmas now is a reputable soap wrapper.”

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| silk mill executives.

men and executives.

| the matter, silk first was woven as , a fabric by Si-ling, wife of Em-

| Silk mills let a number of work- |

ployment officials worked together |

| on a study to find out where un- | employed hosiery workers could

of the unemployed silk workers

$02 East Market St., Indianapolis LL 1753

v.S. 40

When the road shown on the above map is built, military caravans, for the most part, can move freely to and from Ft. Harrison without running into heavy city traffic.

EAST WASHINGTON ST.

north te Castleton. The contract for building the “access” road from Castleton over to Road 431 will be let within the next few weeks.

Biggest Stocking Run in City History Jams Local Stores

(Continued from Page One)

woven from grades of silk under | workers could receive as much as that needed for silk hose. | phon a gi regular pay Moreover, some of them are of 2 maximum of 16 weeks. The ’ | maximum would . inclined to look upon the drastic | Be Sw & Warn priority ruling as a diplomatic | move, intended to scare Japan. The situation, they reason, may change over night if Japan stops making warlike noises and gestures.

" » ®

Don’t Go Barelegged

THE NATIONAL Cotton Council today offered the following advice to women: “Just because you can’t get silk stockings, don’t go barelegged this winter. “Medical authorities deplore the fact that women insist upon wearing two and three-thread stockings during the coldest winter months. Failure to wear any stockings at all is flirting with colds and pneumonia. “At a time like this when the silk stocks available are needed in national defense, it is both practical and patriotic to wear cotton stockings.”

= » » Study Substitutes

HOW LONG the three Indianapolis silk mills—Real Silk, National and Fulton—can continue to operate depends chiefly upon the Government's allocation of silk substitutes, according to

The mills here are using nylon ¢ and rayon at present for part of their production so it is believed that cutting off of raw silk supplies will not mean a total shutdown. The Government and the silk industry are now working on plans for obtaining substitute supplies for the silk mills. Reliable estimates place the number of silk workers employed in Indianapolis at 2300 persons. There are about approximately 1000 more office workers, sales-

Cotton growers may soon come

up with new versions of cotton hose to make the girls forget their privations. Weeks age a national magarzine illustrated in color a new college girl fad in cotton hose, using all variations of color, mostly vivid, harmonizing well

x = = with sports clothing.

Just to refresh your memory on Since it is patriotic duty, both

from the esthetic and practical sides, to make silk stockings wear as long as possible, the following rules have been laid down by Washington: 1. Wash stockings and socks immediately after taking them off. 2. Use lukewarm neutral soap | suds. Don’t rub. Press gently to force soap through the fabric. 3. Dry in shade. Sunlight and heat deteriorate silk.

Already, ingenious substitutes have been suggested, but the blue ribbon of them all seems to be painting the legs. Thus, a stockils girl Id take pallet and ! | brush and paint herself a pair. obtain work. | It was found that the hosiery | , Dot ® Smart shower might start

workers learned a new job faster .- series of runs.

peror Hoang-ti in the vear B. C. 2600. The first silk mill in the western world was established in Mansfield, Conn., in 1810.

t 4 t J ® Learn New Jobs Quickly LAST WINTER when the Real

ers go, it was found that they could and did obtain jobs readily | in other industries. The company, labor leaders and state em- |

{ leaned forward and asked Construction has already started on |

Shadeland Ave. from Road 40 te just north of Read 67, and the High- | he said: way Commission is to take bids next week for the building of the road | eh y

BUT PROBABLY THE biggest doubt is caused by Britain's inability to open a new front in the last six weeks. The first Washington guess, that the Germans would whip the Russians easily, was modified

after Russian counter-attacks.

Since then the guess has been that the

Russians may hold out if the British can relieve them of part of the concentrated pressure of three-fourths of Germany's total military and

air power.

The Russians themselves have indicated rather freely their disanpointment that no other front has been opened against Hitler. This has increased during the last 10 days with the fierce intensity of the Battle of Smolensk—already the largest and bloodiest of all history. In the Kiev and Leningrad regions, as around Smolensk, battles are being fought at such great depths—often 150 miles or more—that the original successful Soviet strategy of retreating fairly intact after inflicting a maximum damage is becoming almost impossible. Units of the conflictihg armies are too completely checker-boarded, pincered

and counter-pincered, to retreat.

Heroic as this Russian resistance is, the fact of holding the Stalin defense system for two weeks or even for two months will be futile if Russia has used up her planes and tanks. True, the Nazis are behind their time-table, and their losses are fearful. True, their territorial gains of the last fortnight have been

relatively small.

But virtually all military experts agree—whether German, Russian, British or American—that the object and the test in the Battle of

American Writer Home, Bares Life in Two Nazi Prisons; Secret Police Threatened to Use Klieg Lights in Grilling

(Continued from Page One) or margarine was spread on the bread. The prison was old and the cell was very dusty. But since it had been fumigated recently I had no vermin. Arrested on Saturday I was finally told on Tuesday, at my first formal hearing, that I was being held on “suspicion of espionage.” The secret police were very friendly and stated: “We are your friends and want to help you.” When I flatly denied any espionage activity they looked at me meanfully and said: “We want to get to the bottom of this and when we want information we get it. We are far too decent to use the brutal methods of the American police, but we can try klieg lights if we can't get answers any other way.”

Warned Again

I WAS QUESTIONED sometimes twice a day, one session lasting until after 10 o'clock at

night during that first week. By the end of the week the friendliness of the secret police had changed. Klieg lights were referred to more frequently and I was told once: “You won't feel quite so confident when you are sweating under the lights and we throw questions at you.” After one particularly stormy session one of the secret police it X had heard of a man named Tourou. I said I had not, where“He is one of the brutal specialists in third degree in the New York police and we can use exactly the same methods he used on Johanna Hoffman.” During that first week I had a visit from a member of the American consulate in Berlin. I also received a suitcase full of clean clothes. For some unexplained reason the soap, tooth brush and tooth paste sent with the clothes were not given to me. During all the weeks I spent in Alexanderplatz I had only two books to read, sent by friends. I was alone in a five-by-ten-foot cell. I had no work of any kind to do. Most prisoners had permission to purchase daily newspapers. This permission was denied to me but I managed, nevertheless, occasionally to obtain a newspaper, = » t J Changes Prisons

NUMEROUS NATIONALITIES were represented in the prison. There were Russians, Czechs, Poles, Japanese and at least one Italian. There also were several Catholic priests. During the first few weeks all of us were taken out of our cells half an hour weekly for exercise. This consisted of marching and counter marching in a circle around a small courtyard which measured about 15 by 40 yards. As the weather improved we were led out for two half-hour periods weekly. Theoretically we were allowed to bathe every two weeks, but in the seven weeks I was there I had only one bath, two minutes under a hot shower. We could, however, occasionally, receive pails of hot water to wash ourselves in the cell. Sessions with the secret police became less and less frequent during the last few weeks in Alexanderplatz. They never mistreated me. But shortly before I was transferred to another prison I was told flatly: “You will sit until you confess. You will soften up. You'll be soft as butter. We've got plenty of time.” On May 3 I was transferred to the so-called investigation prison, Moabit, in another section of Berlin. It’s a four-story building housing about 2000 prisoners, including women. ” 2 »

Strict Routine

HERE THE PRISON routine was much more strict. There was no possibility of clandestine ex-

changes with other prisoners. We

than the average worker, that | they had greater potenital ability than the average and that they could be trained easily while on the job. As a result ail but a few

have found jobs, labor leaders rert

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 2 (U.P). —When a physician came into the maternity ward and told Mrs. Richard L. Church how her husband had celebrated the birth of their second child, she turned her head so the doctor couldn't see the tears in her eyes and whispered: “I've still got my babies.” Her 27-year-old husband, an unemployed railroad fireman, was killed yesterday by a policeman. Police said he began his celebration at home night before last short-

The study showed there are 100 different occupations to which silk workers can transfer, including textile manufacturing, wire and wire insulation and many types of skilled machine work. Indianapolis silk workers whe Jose their jobs will receive some temporary income through the Unemployment Compensation Fund. Officials of the Indiana Employment Security Division, which includes the Unemployment Compensation Division, said the silk

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Officer Kills Young Husband Celebrating Birth of Child

ly after his daughter was born. Getting a neighbor to keep his 3-year-old son and leaving a whisky bottle behind, he continued his revelry downtown yesterday. Church broke into an automobile owned by the Rev. Augustine A. Meyer of Medford, Ore., police said, and lattr went into a car belonging to a tavern owner. The tavern owner called a special officer. Church shot over the officer's head and fled, running straight into three policemen. They had heard the shot and drawn their guns. The officers said Church stopped within a few feet of them and pointed his gun at Policeman Luther Burton's head. Burton shot first,

through Church’s mouth.

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were not allowed to smoke. But

the food was better.

We occasionally received a piece of sausage and on Sundays usually a piece of salt pork weighing about two ounces and potatoes with sauce. Once or twice there was a piece of fish or an egg. Otherwise, the composition of the meals was much the same as at the Alexanderplatz. But we did have salt at Moabit, to season the soup, which needed it. It was known that I was an American and the trusties who handed us our food as we stood in the doorways of our solitary cells frequently gave me large numbers of potatoes which I would save and eat over a period of several days, when I felt particularly hungry. After four weeks at Moabit I was allowed to purchase a daily newspaper and also to receive two books weekly from the prison library. The guards automatically brought me English books, but the selection was not always happy. One T received was “The Fuel Supply of Canada.” Another was a volume of British verse for young women published in 1867. I received the first volume of “Westward Ho,” but the library lacked the second volume. Apart from that, I read Robert Louis Stevenson, Sir Walter Scott and a velume of Robert Burns’ poetry. By far the most interesting reading, under the circumstances, was Oscar Wilde's “De Profundis,” which he wrote while serving a two-year prison sentence in England. At Moabit we were not allowed to receive any packages of food, clothing or cigarets from the outside. But when an American vice consul visited me a few days before my release he brought cigarets and some chocolate. I was not allowed to take them to my cell, so I smoked furiously during the visit and munched chocolate. As a special favor a prison official had me called from my cell two days later to eat the rest of the chocolate and smoke a few more cigarets. Both visits with consular officials, the first during my first week in Alexanderplatz, the second during my last week in Moabit, took place in the presence of German officials and we were allowed {o talk nothing but German and were forbidden to discuss my “case.” The only other outsider I saw during my four months in prison was an attorney retained by the United Press and the American Embassy, who called twice. At the Alexanderplatz none of my numerous requests, to receive visits, to be allowed to receive food, cigarets and reading matter, ever seemed to reach the authorities. The day I was transferred to Moabit one of the Gestapo casually remarked: “Just this morning we received a number of your requests which seem to have been stuck somewhere ana didn’t reach us until just now. Now it's too late to do anything about them.” ” ” 2

Given Work

WE WERE GIVEN “work” at Moabit, in our cells. This consisted of pasting together paper and cellophane bags, pasting tissue paper over the windows of doll houses, and twirling little throwaways for the Reich lottery. We were paid for this work, and at the end of my nine weeks in Moabit I collected by full salary of four and a half marks ($1.80),

Church services were held every two weeks, but those of us in solitary confinement were allowed to attend only once a month. I was allowed to hear mass in the prison chape! with only one or two other prisoners. The regular services were barred to us. The day's routine consisted of getting up at five minutes to seven, washing, eating breakfast, and then being taken out for a half hour's exercise every day except Sunday. Exercise was taken in a courtyard which had trees, grass, flowers and growing vegetables. Half the time we marched in circles, the other half we did calisthenics. Shortly before I was released I requested extra rations, because I had lost 15 pounds since being arrested. I was taken to the doctor, who politely but firmly refused, on the grounds that I had regained a few pounds since my transfer to Moabit . Talking with other prisoners through the window or exchanging books and newsapers were punished by persons in a special cell in the cellar where the only food was bread and water and the only cot a bare board. Nevertheless I heard a good deal of whistling and cat-calling and even extended conversations between prisoners. Some prisoners took special delight in whistling tunes out of the window, and I heard “The Internationale,” which frequently was taken up by a chorus, “Hang Out the Washing on the Siegfried Line,” and American dance tunes like “Melancholy Baby” and “Night and Day.” American

f Stu pendous Bat

SATURDAY, AUG. 2, 1941

tle of Russia

Russia is not territorial gain, but destruction of Soviet military equip=

ment and thus of the Red Army. o » »

” o 2

ALTHOUGH RUSSIA has many more planes and tanks than either enemy or friends supposed, it is doubtful that her reserves are sufficient to stand for many more weeks the stupendous mutual de-

struction of the last few days.

American supplies probably will be rushed much faster than seemed possible before Harry Hopkins flew to Moscow, but at best very little can arrive in the next decisive six weeks. Hence the best way—and, it seems, the only way—to relieve the disastrous Nazi concentration on Russia is the quick opening of Brit ish diversion fronts in Norway, or the Channel ports, or the Mediterranean, before it is too late. But the question is whether Britain has the necessary equipment or organization now—especially with the need

for Far East reinforcements.

The answer to that question may decide the Battle of Russia, and eventually the war. For if the Red air and armored forces are still in existence in six more weeks, when first frost comes there, Hitler will have lost his chance to conquer Russia or to invade England this

year—and probably any year.

But if Hitler can keep up his attrition of Soviet planes and tanks, without any diversion for another front, he has an excellent chance of destroying Russia's effective mechanized strength and then turning his full concentration on England, Suez, India, or wherever. ’

tunes were by far the most popular, » » 2

Heard Air Raids

WE HAD SEVERAL air raids while I was in prison. At the Alexanderplatz prison we were allowed to remain in bed during a raid. But in Moabit we were required to get up, dress and sit under the window to avoid flak (anti - aircraft) splinters. One bomb fell within a few hundred yards of the Alexanderplat prison, but it was a dud and was denotated several days later. We were given regular army marching orders and I had to learn when the command “forward march” was given to goosestep the first three paces. Most of the prisoners had had military training and the goosestep went off rather well. After exercise we were marched back to our cells and locked in for the rest of the day. Lunch was at 11:30, supper at 4:30. As long as we had “work” to do in our cells we were not allowed to read until after supper. Compulsory bed time was 9 p. m. But we could retire any time after 4:30.

” » ” Monotony Irksome

THE MONOTONY of the routine was depressing. Anything out of the ordinary, unlocking of the cell door for completed paper bags to be taken out and new work brought in, was a distinctly pleasurable event. Meal time and exercise time were marked by strokes on a bell. The entire day’s routine was carried out in strict, almost military fashion. Whenever a guard unlocked the cell we had to jump to the window, close it, stand at attention, give our cell number and whether we were in jail for investigation or serving a sentence. The guards were strict but most of them not unfriendly. The hard wood bed with its straw mattress and blanket had to be arranged in a certain way. If not made up properly more than likely upon returning from the exercise period in the morning one would find everything in wild disarray where it had been thrown by the inspecting guard. There were periodic inspections of the wash basin and bowl, cup, knife and spoon and the zinc wash basin had to be polished with sand until it shone. Twice daily we received half gallon earthenware jugs full of water. With that we had to wash ourselves, our dishes after each meal, and flush the ancient contrivance which was the toilet. Once weekly we were given half a pail of water with which to wash the cell.

2 ” Lost 15 Pounds

PRISONERS with money deposited in the prison finance office could purchase various necessities from the prison canteen, tooth paste, tooth brushes, combs,

| { tivity, said that Indiana reserve ofe

ink, writing paper, shoe’ polish. Shoes had to be polished. Prison ers were allowed to write one let= ter every two weeks and receive them at the same intervals. Theoretically we were to be shaved twice weekly, by prisoners who were barbers in civil life, But often the guard, seemingly in a hurry, would open the door, glance in a moment and say: “You don’t look as if you needed a shave, and anyway youre not going anywhere.” He would wink and shut the door. Hair was cut at the discretion of the barber, and with little ree gard for esthetic considerations, It was either clipped off almost completely or in a circle around the back and sides of the head, leaving the top completely untouched. My repeated requests to see a consular official or some of my friends either were never answered or deferred indefinitely. I was told once that the American Embassy had “dropped me.”

# 2 ” Pleasant Surprise

MY RELEASE on July 8 was a complete surprise to me. The guard unlocked the cell door and told me to pack my things. I asked whether I was being released or transferred to another prison. He said I was to be ree leased but I couldn't believe it. I had been “released” from Alexanderplatz only to be transferred to Moabit and I thought the same procedure might be fol lowed again. I collected my be= longings, was locked in a transe port cell for about an hour, then given my money and valuables and handed over to a representative of the American Embassy. Only then did I begin to believe that I was being released. From July 8 to 17, when I left Berlin, I lived “incognito” with a representative of the American Embassy, meantime collecting and packing all my personal effects from my apartment. From the date of my release I had no more contact with the secret police or any other German officials. I crossed the Franco-Spanish border on July 23. But the real feeling of freedom came as I sighted the New York sky line. Now I know that doors which I can open myself are something to be thankful for and not to be taken for granted.

‘ARMY RESERVE HEAD

PAYS VISIT TO CITY,

Brig. Gen. Frank E. Lowe, Wash ington, executive officer for the U, S. Army Reserves, and R. O. T. C, affairs, conferred here yesterday with Indiana reserve officers. Gen. Lowe met with Lieut. Col, E. N. Slappey, acting executive of the Indiana military area; Col, Bowman Elder, Col. Robert L. Moor= head. Gen. Lowe, who is on a tour of inspection of reserve officer ace

ficers, in general, are making exes cellent records in the Army.

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