Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 21 July 1941 — Page 2

TEXT OF ROOSEVELT PLE 10 CONGRESS ON ARMY

Danger Is Gregter Than a ‘Year Ago, He Says inSpecial Message. WASHINGTON, July 21

(U. P.).—Here is the text of

President Roosevelt's message to Congress and the nation urging retention of selectees . and National .Guardsmen in active service: - (The first paragraph prefaced the radio transcription and was not included in the message sent to Congress.) . Because I feel that the message sent to the Congress today should be made available to as many American citizens as possible, I am reading this message myself for the information of the people of America. ; Last year the Congress of the United States recognizing the gravity of the world situation held that common prudence required that American defense, relatively weak, be strengthened in its two aspects. The first called for the production of munitions of all kinds. The second called for the training and service of personnel. The Selective Training and Service Act authorized that annual induction . into military service of a ‘maximum of 900,000 men for this training and service, of whom 600,000 are now in the Army. The Congress also authorized the induction into service of the National Guard, the Reserve Officers, and other Reserve components of the Army of the United States.

TWO-THIRDS AFFECTED

In the absence of further action ‘by the Congress, all of those involved must be released from active service on the expiration of 12 months. This means that beginning this autumn about two-thirds of the Army of the United States begin a demobilization. The action taken last year was Lie ac to the international situation at that time. It took into

ve consideration the small size and the

undeveloped state of our armed forces. The National Guard, which then formed the bulk of these forces, had to be seasoned; its technical training and general efficiency greatly improved, the ranks of the National Guard and the Regular Army had to be brought to full strength; and, in addition,

at that time].

Mr. Roosevelt

diminution of its effective numbers in a complete state of readiness. Small as it is in comparison with other armies, it should not suffer any form of disorganization or disintegration. Therefore, we would be taking a grave national risk unless the Congress were to make it possible for us to maintain our present full effective strength and during the coming year give training as to many additional Americans as we can, when immediate readiness for service becomes more and more a vital precautionary measure, the elimination of approximately twothirds of our trained soldiers, and about three-fourths of the total officer personnel, would be a tragic error. Occasional individuals, basing their opinions on unsupported evis dence or on no evidence at all, may with honest intent assert that the United States need fear no attack on its own territory or on the other nations of this hemisphere by aggressors from without. Nevertheless, it is the well-nigh unanimous opinions of those who are daily cognizant, as military and naval officers and as Government servants in the figld of international relations, that schemes and plans

.the Army required for its tremend-|of aggressor nations against Amerous expansion the services of dp-|ican security are so evident ‘that

proximately 50,000 Reserve officers. In effect, two steps were taken for the security of the nation. First, the Selective Service Act initiated annual military training as a prime duty of citizenship. Second, the organization and training of fleld armies was begun— training in team-work—company by company, battalion by battaljon, regiment by regiment, and division. The objective was to have

ready at short notice an organized]

and integrated personnel of over 1,000,000 men,

TERMS PERIL GREATER

I need scarcely emphasize the fact that if and when an organized and integrated company, battelion, regiment or division is compelled to send two-thirds of its members heme, those who return to civil life, if called to the colors later on, . would have to go through a new . period of organization and infegration before the new unit to which they were assigned could be depended on for service. The risks and the weaknesses caused by dissolving a trained Army in times of national peril were pointed out by George Washington over and over again in his messages to the Continental Congress. ‘It is, therefore, obvious that if two-thirds of our present Army return to civilian life, it will be almost a year before the effective Army strength again reaches one million men. Today it is imperative that I should officially report to ihe Congress what the Congress undoubt- . edly knows: That the international situation is not less grave but is far more grave than it was a year ago. It is so grave, in my opinion, and in the opinion of all who are conversant with the facts, that the Army should be maintained in effective strength and without

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the United States and the rest of the Americas are definitely imperiled in their national interests. That is why, reluctantly, and only after a careful weighing of all facts and events, I recently proclaimed that an unlimited national emergency exists. :

SERIES OF CONQUESTS,

>

It is not surprising that millions of patriotic Americans find it difficult in the pursuit of their daily occupations and in the normal lives of their families to give constant thought to the implications of happenings many thousands of miles away. It is hard for most of us to bring such events into focus with our own readily accepted and normal democratic ways of living. That is why I must refer again to the sequence of conquests—German conquests or attacks—which have continued uninterruptedly throughout several years—al the way from the coup against Austria to the present campaign against Russia. Every move up and down and across Europe, and inte Asia, and into Africa has been conducted according to a time schedule utilizing in every case an overwhelming superiority not only in Jnateriel but in trained men as well. Each campaign has been based on a preliminary assurance of safety or nonaggression to the intended victim. Each campaign has been based on disarming fear and gaining time until the German government was ‘fully ready to throw treaties and pacts to the winds and simultane-

whelming force,

“ACT OF BAD FAITH”

Each elimination of a victim has brought the isue of Nazi domination closer to this - hemisphere, while month by month their intrigues of propaganda and conspiracy have sought to weaken every link in the community of interests that should bind the Americas into a great Western family. I do not think that any branch of the Government of the United States will be willing to let America risk the fate which’ has destroyed the independence of other nations. We Americans cannot afford to Specuisie with the security of Amerca, Furthermore, we have a definite responsibility to every country in the Western Hemisphere—to aid each and every one of them against attack from without the hemisphere. I do not believe that any branch of the American Government would desire today to abrogate our Pan-American pacts or to discard a policy which we have maintained for nearly a century and a quarter. If we do not reverse this historic policy, then it is our duty to maintain it. To weaken our Army at this ‘particular time would be, in my judgment, an act of bad faith toward our neighbors. I realize that personal sacrifices are involved in extending the period of service for selectess, the National Guard and other Reserve components of our Army. I believe that provision now can and will be made in such an extension to relieve individual cases of undue

hardship, and also to relieve older

men who should, in justice, be allowed to resume their civilian

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occupations as quickly as théir services ‘can be spared. Nevertheless, I am confident that the men now in the ranks of the Army realize far better than dces the general public, the disastrous effect which would result from permitting the present Army, only now approaching an acceptable state of efficiency, to melt away and set us back at least -six months while new units are being reconstituted from the bottom up and from the top down with new drafts of officers and men. The legislation of last year provided definitely that if national danger later existed, the one-year

| period’ of training could be ex- # [tended by action of .the Congress.

I do not believe that the danger to American safety is less than it

{was one year ago when, so far as

the Army was concerned, the United States was in a woefully weak position. I do not believe that the danger to our national safety .is only about the same as it was a year ago.

‘DANGER 1S GREATER’

I do believe—I know—that the danger today is infinitely greater. I do believe—I know—that in all truth we ‘are in the midst of a national ‘emergency. I am not asking the Congress for specific language in a specific bill But I can say frankly that I hope the Congress will acknowledge this national emergency either for a specific period or until revocation by the Congress or the President. The objective is, of course, the all important issue. It is to. authorize continuance in service of selectees, National Guard and Reserve components of the Army and the retired personnel of the Regular Army, with the understanding that, should the exigencies of the situation permit, early: return to civil pursuits will follow in due course. Because of the swiftness of modern events, I think the Congress should also remove the restrictions in regard to the number of selectees inducted each year for training and service. And, in order to reduce individual hardships to a minimum, I urge that the Congress provide that employers be asked to continue to keep jobs open for their employees who have been held in the Army. For my part, I will direct the return to civil life of offic and men whose retention on active duty would impose undue hardship and that selectees and enlisted men in the National Guard, who have reached the age of 28 be transferred from active service to a Reserve component as rapidly as possible,

‘TIME COUNTS’

At great cost 2 the nation, and at increasing dislocation of private buying, we are accepting the material burdens necessary for our security. In such matters we accept the fact of a crisis in our history. It: is ‘true that “in modern war

“I'men -without machines are of little

value. It is equally true that machines without men are of no value at all. Let us consolidate the whole of our defense—the whole of our preparation against attack by those enemies of ‘democracy who are the enemies of all that we hold dear. One final word; time counts. Within two months disintegration, which would follow failure to take Congressional action, will commence in the Armies of the United States. Time counts. The responsibility rests solely with the Congress.

COUNCIL WAITS U. 8, TIME CHANGE ACTION

The City Council is expected to postpone ‘action on the daylight saving time ordinance tonight, although it is now legally possible for the Council to enact the ordinance to legalize Mayor Sullivan’s unofficial daylight saving time. proclamation. Several Councilmen indicated early today that they would prefer to withheld action‘on the measure pending the decision of Conss on a proposal to institute fast time nationally as a defense measure. Publication of bel acts, including a law repealing a 1928 prohibition against daynight saving time has made it legally possible for the Council t6 take action. The Councilmen also said thai since daylight time is now operating smoothly e on its extra-legal basis, passage of the ordinance might complicate the situation by providing a foundation for legal attack on fast time.

BRITISH ARE CHEERED AT MOSCOW BALLET

MOSCOW, July 21 (U. P).— Gen. F. N. Mason MacFarlane, head of the British military mission, and Sir Stafford Cripps, British Ambassador, were stormily cheered last night when they attended a ballet at the Tchaikhovsky Concert Hall. MacFarlane and Cripps, with other British officers and diplomats, were- seen by the master of ceremonies as they watched a program of Russian national dances. He greeted them and the audience rose and cheered, shouting “Hail the Russian-British alliance,” “Long live the Great British people,” and “United we will defeat Hitler.”

BRITISH CABINET | SHAKEUP URGED

Disappointment Is Voiced By Press on Changes By Churchill.

By HELEN KIRKPATRICK Copyright, 1941, by The Indianapolis Times and The Chicago Daily News, Inc. LONDON, July 21.—Britain’s gov ernmental changes, featured by the dispatching of Alfred’ Duff-Cooper to the Far East, were received with modified enthusiasm today by the Brilish press, which almost unanimously. shows disappointment at

|Prime Minister Winston Churchill's

failure to carry out a thoroughgoing Cabinet reconstruction. ' Youth has its innings in the series of new appointments, but it has not yet ousted age in the top positions. This, and the need for tightening up governmental teams, led to the

ken the opportunity for a wholesale reconstruction which would permit the co-ordinatioh of preduction

fense. Duff-Cooper’s Far Eastern mission geherally is regarded with favor, in view -of the menacing situation in that area. Nomination of Bredan Bracken, Churchill’s parliamentary secretary, as his successor appears to have brought only sympathy fbi the Prime Minister's protege that he should embark on a ministerial career in “the graveyard of ministerial reputations”’—the Ministry of Information. Three leading newspapers of London, the Daily Mail, the Herald and the News-Chronicle, all express profound disappointment at the, “stopgap” measures taken to meet criticism of the Ministry of Information; at the failure to deal drastically with . the production tangle, and the absence of an appointment to cover all aspects of civil defense.’ The great and unwieldy Ministry of Information ‘has suffered since its establishment from lack of policy and lack of powers—none of its ministers ever had the right to overrule the service minjstries.

RAF BLASTING NAZI INVASION DEFENSES

(Continued from Page One)

ing again on the frequently blitzed city of Cologne. Other squadrons attacked Rotterdam. With the first signs of dawn, new British ~~ bombing squadrons were sent into action. They roared across the narrow waters of the English Channel on what appeared to be a non-stop ats tack on the French invasion coast and the deep hinterland behind the Channel region. On the English side of the channel observers saw the air virtually filled with planes. Fresh squadrons roared over to attack as returning . . British . planes . hummed back for fresh loads of bombs and ammunition. There was no sign of German fighter opposition. Today’s reports by the British Air Ministry gave the first hints of the war that the Germans were building defenses along the French Coast in the expectation of a British insasion, Observers using . powerful glasses have watched the German defenses taking shape for the past several days. Germans Build Roads Near the Dover Patrol War Memorial on the French side of the English Channel the Germans have erected a big circular concrete building and all along the cliffs other buildings are going up. It is believed that the Germans have built a network of roads at strategic points between Calais and Boulogne to give their troops fluidity of movement. The roads have been sunk to give armored vehicles and supply trucks good cover. Prime Minister Winston Churchill effected a mild shakeup in his Cabinet, replacing Alfred Duff Cooper in the Ministry of Information with Brendan Bracken, his secretary. The London press felt that Churchill did not go far enough.

CANAL IS DENIED TQ JAPANESE VESSELS

NEW YORK, July 21 (U. P).— Japanese shipping circles said today that at least 10 Japanese steamers have abandoned efforts to obtain permission to use the Panama Canal and will return home from eastern United States ports by way of Cape Horn. Canal authorities refused permission for the Japanese ships to pass, these circles said,” because the canal was “undergoing repairs.” American ships were permitted passage, however.

TEXAS INVITED TO 'MOLLY’S WEDDING

AUSTIN, Tex. July 21 (U. P.).— Governor W. Lee O’Daniel, in his regular Sunday broadcast, invited all the State's 6,000,000 residents to attend the wedding of his daughter, Molly, to Jack D. Wrather Jr,, at the Governor's mansion July 31. The Governor said the wedding would preceded by a few days his departure for Washington as the State's new junior Senator.

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Er \ Children will assemble on Madi.son Ave. between South and Ray Sts. at 7 o'clock tonight for the : parade ‘opening the local Aluminum for Defense Collection Campaign. Signs along Madison Ave, will designate the meeting places for children from the various wards throughout the county. Children from the First, Second and Third Wards and Lawrence Township will meet between Henry and Merrill Sts. Children from the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth and Ninth Wards and Franklin and Decatur Townships will assemble between Merrill and Norwood Sts. Those from the 10th, 11th and 12th Wards and Pike Township will meet south of Norwood St. Children of the 13th, 14th and 15th Wards and from Perry and Center Township will assemble south of McCarty St. At intervals between McCarty and Ray Sts., meeting places will be designated in order for children from the 16th, 17th and 18th Wards and Warren Township; 19th, 20th and 21st Wards and Washington Township; 22d, 23d and ‘24th Wards and Wayne Township and Pals’ Club. A group of 15 uniformed American Legionnaires and one member of the Aluminum Collection Campaign Steering Committee will be on hand at each meeting place to care for the children. Parade streets will be closed to traffic during the parade.

WILLKIE WILL URGE U. S. UNITY IN WEST

NEW YORK, July 21 (U. P).— Wendell L. Willkie will leave by airplane for-the Pacific Coast tonight for a series of talks in the interest of “unified” support of the Administration’s foreign policy. The 1940 Republican Presidential nominee will address a luncheon meeting on China relief at Los Angeles tomorrow. Wednesday night he will speak at a rally in the Hollywood Bowl on “Unity and Aid to Britain.” He will speak Thursday night at a National Unity Week rally in San Francisco. He will inspect the Naval Base at San Diego

78 JESSFIELD

Chinese General Tells of Horrors at Japanese Mansion.

(Continued from Page One) removed me to the torture room and

all night—began. “First I was beaten repeatedly

lowed by 50 lashes with a whip. The pain was terrible, but I remained silent. Then I was flattened on my back, my head was jerked back and water was poured into my nostrils. My captors seemed surprised that this did not get results. - Next, they strapped me into the “tiger’s chair” —an ordinary chair anchored to the floor.. Bricks were place¢ under my feet and piled up one by one. As each brick stretched my taut leg museles further, th® agony became unbearable. I fainted seven times within 40 minuteS. Each time I was brought to my senses by a dash of cold water. »

‘Electric Punishment’

“THESE TORTURES HAD taken most of the night, but they had produced nothing. My persecutors made one, more try. They gave me what they called the ‘electric punishment.’ I was forced to grasp two electrically charged tubes, and the voltage was gradually stepped up. Every inch of my body trembled like jelly. I felt as though I were going to. burst. Unconsciousness would have bzen mefciful, but I could not faint. “When these tactics failed, my captors gave up. They removed me to another , part of the building, where I was detained for three months. I was finally set free on condition that I would join the Nanking government. Arriving at Nanking, I met the War Minister

s .

Jand was told that I could have a

job with a good salary attached, but that there was nothing to do, as the puppet army had ne power. I still had hope of meeting Wang Chingwei and taking his life. But I was unable to obtain an audience. In fact, I was still under suspicion and was being shadowed constantly. I felt then that I must make an escape to Chungking.

8 »

100 Held Captive

“THIS WAS NO EASY matter, for my guards were vigilant. Finally, I eludéd them by a simple ruse. I boarded a train at Shanghai, one day, on the pretext of going to Nanking. I noticed that my guardians did not follow me on board. At the

next station I got off, made my way

back to Shanghai and escaped by ship to Hong Kong.” Gen. Liu said that there were more than 100 other Chinese in captivity at the Jessfield Road bastile. All his captors, -he declared, were Chinese except a pair of Japanese gendarmes who occupied the most comfortable quarters on the premises, next to the prison. It was impossible for Chinese prisoners to obtain release until they had signed a “confession” of guilt and promised to co-operate with the Nanking government. The promise had to be accompanied by some sign of sincerity. . The usual way of showing sincerity was to make a large cash contribution to the “cause” or to inform on the whereabouts of other Chungking agents operating in Shanghai. High-spirited prisoners who remained unbroken after torture or confinement were often executed, Gen. Liu claimed.

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Eleanor von Mechow

Seek Clues in East on Former Local Woman's Disappearance.

CHARLOTTE, N. C., June 21 (U. P.y—Charlotte and Mecklenburg County police said today they had no new clues inthe search for Eleanor von Mechow, 27-year-old Indianapolis daughter of a former Austrian baron, who disappeared from a downtown Charlotte apartment last week after writing a 13page letter containing a threat of suicide. A hardware store reported that a woman answering Miss von. Mechow’s description bought a .22 calibre rifle and a box of shells on last Wednesday. Miss von Mechow arrived here June 24 from her home in Indianapolis to hunt a job. Acquaintances here said she seemed moody and uncommunicative during her stay. The letter, police said, contained a threat to destroy herself because of an unhappy love affair. \ An investigation here revealed that Miss von Mechow is the daughter of the former Baron Stuttgurt von Mechow, who died in Cuba several years ago. He had married his American wife shortly before the outbreak of the first World War.

Relatives of Miss Eleanor von Mechow, former I. U. Medical Center employee, today asked Charlotte, N. C,, authorities for a detailed report on. her disappearance. Miss von Mechow, who is 27, graduated from Tech High School. Her sister, Mrs. Roy Wrenick, 620 Lockerbie St., said Miss von Mechow had resigned her job here and had gone East to find work. Mrs. Wrenick received a letter from her sister dated June 28 which was devoted chiefly to describing the city|to of Charlotte. Mrs. Wrenick discounted the possibility that her sister might have planned to take her own life. Miss von Mechow was horn in New Orleans and came to Indianapolis in 1923 after living for a short time in New Castle. She lived at the Y. Ww. C. A. while working

MONDAY JULY 2 21, 1941

YOUTH MARCHES T0 AID DEFENSE

Thousands of Youngsters To March Tonight in Aluminum Rally.

(Continued from Page One)

Gastineau, 12th District Legion commander and general aluminum campaign chairman, will speak. ‘The program will be concluded with playing of the National Anthem, . Officials plan to end the parade and the brief program before dark, Tomorrow morning, Democratic and Republican precinct workers, children and other volunteers will begin canvassing homes throughout the county asking each housewife for a donation of used aluminume ware. Good aluminum kitchen pieces—g pots and pans that would have to be replaced immediately by the housewife, are not wanted, came paign workers said. Only used or scrap aluminum is wanted. Campaign workers said they hope to gather 100,000 pounds

of aluminum in the local campaign which ends Saturday.

Help Defense Program

The collected scrap metal will be used to free virgin ‘aluminum urgently needed for new warplanes and other defense armaments. Campaign workers pointed out that 5000 dishpans mean that: one new fighter plane can be added to the armed forces. Ten thousand discarded percolaters would mean another warplane. Two thousand roasters and 2500 double boilers would add two planes. Officials explained that regardless of whether the scrap aluminum in the discarded percolators or pots ever was used in airplane produce tion, it would be available for other purposes, relieving demands upon new aluminum.

Sell Metal fo Smelters

Scrap collected in Marion county will be taken to filling stations which have been designated as the primary collection stations. These bins will be transferred to fire stations, which in turn wiil transfer the collection to the central depot at the World War Memorial Plaza, Besides the house-to-house canvass, other scrap will be collected through specially arranged movie house programs. The collected aluminum will be weighed <:nd sold under Federal supervision to smelters. The funds from the sale will be turned over to *he Office of Civilian Defense. A movie short subject, dealing with the production of aluminum and its relation to defense, will be shown ate the Circle Theater four times a day tomorrow, Wednesday and Thursday. The film is being rushed from Chicago in order that it may aid in the drive for collec tion of aluminum this week in Ine °

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