Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 15 July 1941 — Page 9

. TUESDAY, JULY 15, 1

“I's HazardouS Business, | But Extremely Effective Against Enemy. By MAL AL WILLIAMS

"PITTSBURGH, July 15. — The “torpedo plane and its tactics are

941

Blitz Levels

By ROSETTE HARGROVE Times Special Writer LONDON, July 15.—When King George suggested that the Dean of Westminster and Mrs, de Labrilliere move into Buckingham Palace when they were bombed out of their historic’ home, he was only doing what countless hundreds of his loyal subjects have "been ‘doing ever since the Germans started their blitzkrieg. Pad, British hospitality is no- longer a matter of formal ‘ invitations

British linen and silver. Friends and even strangers are put up for a night, a week, even longer, on the spur of the moment. Housewives don't and cannot go into a tailspin because somebody has dropped in unexpectedly for dinner or a bed. They are learning to take things as they come and often wonder how they managed to complicate life so before the blitz. This new hospitality is evident on a grand, collective scale. Evacuation from urban areas is becoming better organized, with country

Soc al Sta

rapidly changing with the influx of city folk. “The mixing of country “hosts” and city “guests” has benefited

both, and social amenities between the two are being encouraged by the government in the development of wartime social centers. Evacuation for the less fortunate classes has been the one sore point, with mothers separated from their children, or families billeted on grudging householders. The lack of companionship, too, made matters worse. Literally hundreds of moth-

THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES

ndards, and Both ‘Hos

Yn Tie

PAGE 9

ers returned to London and other large cities because of loneliness and lack of sympathy. Steps have been taken to remedy these important details, but officialdom™ is never fast-moving. There is one shining exception, however.” This is a center which took in 2500 mothers and children evacuated from London and Bristol. Situated in the west of England, the district covers an area of more than 110 miles of beautiful countryside. Even before the war, it had set up its civil defense committee, and when the Ministry

of Health telephoned through about Plymouth evacuees after that town had been outrageously bombed, the committee was able to reply without hesitation: “We're ready to take another 800.” ‘There are already over 500,000 unaccompanied school children and nearly as many mothers and. children “bombed out.” There is no doubt but that this number will go on increasing. and it is up to the authorities to see that the example set by the. model West Country center should be multiplied. Forethought, system and careful

ts’ and ‘Guests’ .Benefit

planning made this scheme possible. When ‘the committee was set up, it surveyed the area, then took over 160 empty houses, putting salaried wardens in charge and proceeded to organize ‘“‘colonies.”

“The‘design for living” worked out by the organizers includes something to do every night of the week, with a weekly movie show, sewing bees, dancing, singing and whist. Communal kitchens have been set up for main meals, with facilities to make the Englishwoman’s. ubiquious Coup of tea” when they felt e it.

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which require getting’ out the best|towns and villages in “safe areas”

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craft usually is based at coastal air -stations or on motherships. "Use of the torpedo-plane in this war has . .been far more extensive than was anticipated. A weapon of great potential3% ity, it is depenMaj. Williams dent on surprise attack under conditions disadvantageous to warship gunners. The TP is essentially a load-carrying craft, with its 2000pound torpedo mounted below the fuselage. It is not very fast, is lightly armed, and usually capable of only moderate maneuverability. These are its weaknesses against aircraft attack. ! It is, in short, a one-shot plane, gince current TP craft cannot carry more than one torpedo, usually 18 feet long. But if that one shot gets home the farget is usually pretty sick. The torpedo is generally more effective against warships than orthodox bombs, although it may contain less than half as much explosive. A bomb striking the deck of a warship loses most of its explosive power into the air—the line of least resistance.

Difficult to Aim

But water, about 700 times denser than air, confines the | explosion with greater effect against a steel hull. Then, too, the below-water section of a warship is usually its weakest. Gen. Billy Mitchell demonstrated that the place to plant any explosive intended to destroy a warship is alongside the target; not on top of it. But there’s a difficult feature in aiming to hit anything ~ *alongside.” Try it on a rifle : Tange, and you can. appreciate the . psychological factor drawing you - toward the bullseye. 4. While the orthodof Bomb can be dropped from any altitude, the torpedo launched from a plane must be dropped within 20 to 30 feet of the water’s surface. If dropped from a lower altitude, the splash may hit the plane’s after end and nose it into the sea. I've seen that happen. If dropped from higher than 20 to 30 feet, the torpedo inclines toward plunging up and down—por_poising.. Also the launching plane . must be in level flight. : . Geysers Dangerous * The TP pilot’s greatest danger is not from direct hits by enemy " anti-aircraft shells, but from the «many water geysers shot 40 to 50 (| “feet into the air by the shells of - heavier - warship guns striking the - water, Hooking a wing on one of these columns of water is equivalent’ to pushing a slab of cheese against a buzz-saw. . In fact, piloting a torpedo aerial attack is open-field running of the “Inost exciting order, requiring cool daring and “top” airmanship. That steady flight period while the pilot is lining up his altitude and course is a tough passage of time. And while, as airmen have maintained, it is not necessary to sink a battleship to put it out of commission, I call attention to the Bis- ~ ~marck. That battleship was disy covered by patrolling aircraft. Her steering gear was damaged by an aerially launched torpedo, and she was finally sunk by torpedoes. British warships couldn’t catch her. But the torpedo, effective as it is, is only a stop gap .until robot aircraft, radio controlled from other, . aircraft and loaded with five or ten tons of explosives, will be guided against anything that floats. Then it won’t matter where the missile plane hits the target.

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