Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 12 June 1941 — Page 15

Production of . © By DAVID M. NICHOL

‘Copyright, 1941, by The Indianapolis Times . and The Chicago Daily News, Inc.

BERLIN, June 5 (By Clipper)—

“An entire new industry has been de-|

veloped in Germany to cope with the problem of the blackout, the ‘natural cloak under which most of Europe hides each night in an effort to avoid enemy bombers. .Some 350 manufacturers, accordfng to a recent survey by the Frankfurter Zeitung, have obtained permits for the production of about 650 varieties of blackout material. Some produce window shades or

lights and lighting arrangements. A number of others produce only the materials, paper and substitute textiles, from which the various tontrivances are made. So well developed. has this trade become that there have been suggestions, the newspaper said, that it should be organized as a separate branch of industry under the: collective regulations which the Nazi system provides. Since 1936, it has been necessary to obtain special permits for the manufacture of any kind of blackout device. The introduction of the blackout brought out much ingenuity on the part of the average householder who

faced the problem — more difficult than is realized unless it Has actually been encountered—of making his quarters internally livable through the dark hours without, at the same time, showing slits of light around the windows-and doors or from skylights which airplane patrols carefully spot. Much of this amateur “Verdunklung” has since been replaced by more professional devices, however. Not the least reason has been the refusal of insurance companies to pay damages after overzealous tenants had tried their hands af pasting black paper on the windows,

\ / ]

in place, and tampering with light fixtures. The industry had its beginning in those concerns which specialized, before there were such problems as night flying bombers, in darkening theater and concert halls and about 10 firms, the Frankfurter Zeitung reported, still turn out this material. Eighty other firms manufacture various ‘roll and folding shutters and about 100 are turning out spring blinds of a light tight variety. ‘Twenty-four concerns are employed almost exelusively merely in supplying paper and artificial textiles for these contrivances. Blackout regulations were also accompanied by a considerable change

in lighting arrangements. Table and floor lamps, for example, have become much - more popular than previously. = Special lights distinguished by the fact that they provide almost no help at all to a groping visitor were devised for hallways and rooms which it was impossible to shield entirely from the outside. Even the manufacture of bulbs has been radically altered. The demand for smaller ones is much higher while the regulations requiring blue in many cases have set several concerns to producing types which would normally be reserved

-—

Thirteen factories are producing 54 different varieties of bulbs, the newspaper said, to meet the problem. of blackout lighting. Seven other concerns ‘specialize in arc lights for roads and ‘streets while four more devote their energies to the manufacture of specially screened heatlligms for automobiles and ats. ’

So heavy was the demand for blue bulbs that the electrical industry was completely unable to meet: it. The result was that a blue varnish was developed which is applied to ordinary white bulbs. One problem not yet completely

the production of hand or pocket|of the shortage. The rest resulted:

‘New Blackout Materials: Becomes. a Major Industry in Germany

lights. More of them are available|from the fact that manganese oxide now but for a long time it was al-|is used in the manufacture of batmost impossible to buy one. The|teries and supplies of this material reasons apparently were double | must be imported, not an easy procArmy demands accounted for part|ess at the present time. SATURDAY, JUNE (4

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