Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 28 May 1941 — Page 15

- candor, that darker periods may lie

Text of Roosevelt Speech Promising Delivery of War Goods to Britain

~ WASHINGTON, May 28 (U. P.) .—The text of Presi-

dent Roosevelt's address last My fellow Americans of

I am speaking tonight from the White House in the

- presence of the governing boa

the Canadian Minister, and their families. Themembers of this board are the ambassadors and ministers of the American republics in Washington. It is appropriate that I do this.

Now, as never before, the unity of the American republics is of supreme

importance to each and every one throughout the world. Our future

_ future independence of all of cur sister republics.

The pressing problems that confront =us' are military and naval problems. We cannot afford to approach them from the point of view of wishful thinkers or sentimentalists. What we face is cold, ‘hard fact. The first and fundamental fact is that what started as a European war has developed, as the Nazis always intended it should develop, into a World War for world dom‘ination. Adolf Hitler never considered the omination of Europe as an end iin itself. European conquest was “but a step toward ultimate goals in all the other continents. It was unmistakably apparent to all of us that, unless the advance of Hitlerism is forcibly checked now, the ~ Western Hemisphere will be within range of the Nazi Weapons of ~ destruction

‘CERTAIN NECESSARY STEPS’

For our own defense we have accordingly undertaken certain ob- ~ viously necessary measures. First, we joined in concluding a _ series of agreements with all the other American republics. This further solidified ‘our hemisphere - against the common danger. Arid then, a year . ago, Wwe launched, and are successfully carrying out, the largest armament production program we have ever undertaken. .

_ _ We have -added. substantially to our splendid Navy, and we have mustered our manpower to build up a new Army which is already worthy of the highest traditions of our military service. ‘We instituted a policy of aid for the democracies—the nations which have fought for the continuation of human liberties. This policy had its origin in the [rst month ‘of the war, when I urged upon the” Congress repeal of the arms embargo provisions in the Neutrality Law. In that message of September, 1939, I said, “I "should like to be able to offer the hope that the shadow over the world might swiftly pass. I cannot. ' The facts compel-my stating, with

ahead. In the subsequent months, the shadows deepened and lengthened. And the night spread over Poland, ‘Denmark, Norway. Holland, Bel- - gium, Luxembourg, and France.

‘HARD-HEADED CONCERN’

=

_ which had overwhelmed her allies. Our Government rushed arms to meet her desperate needs.

- In September, 1940, an agreement was completed with Great Britain “for the trade of 50 destroyers for eight important off-shore bases.

~ In March, 1941, the Congress passed the Lend-Lease Bill and an appropriation of seven billion dollars to implement it. This law realistically provided for material aid “for the government of any puntry whose defense the Presient deems vital to the defense of the United States.”

Our whole program of aid for jpe democracies has been based on rd-headed concern for our own security and for the kind of safe and civilized world in which we ~ wish to live. Every dollar of material we send helps to keep the dictators away from our own hemisphere. Every day that they are held off gives us time to build more guns and tanks and: planes and . ships. And now—after a year—Britain still fights gallantly, on a “far-flung, pattle line.” We have doubled and yedoubled our vast production, inreasing, month by month, our maSerial supply of tools of war for ourselves and Britain and China—and eventually for all the democracies. The supply of these tools will not fail—it will increase.

2

Cg KNOWS HITLER TERMS

With greatly augmented strength, the United States and the other American republics now chart their course in the situation of today. Your Government knows what ‘terms Hitler, if victorious, would impose. They are, indeed, the only Xerms on which he would accept a

so-called “negotiated” peace. ; - Under those terms, Germany would literally parcel out the world —hoisting the swastika itself over vast territories and populations, and setting up puppet governments of its own choosing, wholly subject to the will and the policy of a conqueror. > To the people of the Americas, a triumphant Hitler would say, as he said after the seizure of Austria, . and after Munich, and after the seizure of Czechoslovakia: I am now completely satisfied. This is the last territorial readjustment I will seek: And he would. of course add: All we want is peace, friendship, and profitable trade relations with you in the New World. _ And were any of us in the Amerfcas so incredibly simple and for‘getful as to accept those honeyed words, what would then happen?

WARNS OF QUISLINGS

Those in the New World who were seeking profits would be urging that all that the dictatorships desired was “peace.”. They could oppose pil and taxes for more American Farmament. Meanwhile, the dictatorships would be forcing the en- ~ slaved people of their Qld World | conquests into a system they are

be threatened. -| does not recognize any god except Hitler; for the Nazis are as ruthless as the Communists in the de- : 1h June, 1940, Britain stood alone, nial of God. What place has re-

faced by the same machine of terror|ligion which preaches the dignity of

night follows: all the Americas—my friends:

rd of the Pan-American Union,

of us and to the cause of freedom independence is bound up with the

naval and air force intended to gain and hold and be master of the Atlantic and the Pacific as well.

They would fasten an economic stranglehold upon our several nations. Quislings would be found to subvert the governments in our republics; and the Nazis would back their Fifth Columns with invasion, if necessary.

I am not speculating about all this. I merely repeat what is already in the Nazi book of world conquest. They plan to treat the Latin American nations as they are now treating the Balkans. They plan ‘then to strangle the United States. of America and the Dominion of Canada. The Aterican laborer wculd have to compete with slave labor in.the rest of the world. Minimum wages, maximum hours? Nonsense! Wages and hours would be fixed by Hitler. The dignity and power and standard of living of the American worker and farmer would be gone. Trade unions would become historical relics, and collective bargaining a joke. Farm income? What happens to all farm surpluses without any for|eign trade? The American farmer ‘| would- get for his products exactly what Hitler wanted tc give. He would face obvious disaster and complete regimentation. Tariff walls—Chinese walls of isolation—would be futile. Freedom to trade is essential to our economic life. ‘We do not eat all the food we can prcduce; we do not burn all the oil we can pump; we do not use all the goods we can manufacture. It would not be an American wall to keep. Nazi goods out; it would be a Nazi wall ‘to keep us in.

‘ALL WOULD BE CHANGED’

These Saw Historic Fireside Chat

RR

The first photo ever permitted of an. audience at one of President Roosevelt's fireside chats shows the White House East Room crowded with distinguished guests as the President, seated at the desk at the left, spoke to world- wide radio listeners.

island outposts of the New World —the Azores and Cape Verde Islands. The Cape Verde Islands are only seven hours distance from Brazil by bomber or troop-carrying planes. They dominate shipping routes to and from the South Atlantic. The war is approaching the brink of the Western Hemisphere itself. It is coming very close to home. : Control or occupation by Nazi forces of any of the islands of the

mediate safety of portions of North ang South America, and of the island possessions of the United States, and of the ultimate safety of the continental United States itself. Hitler's plan of world domination would be near its accomplishment today, were it not for two factors: One is the epic resistance

. The whole fabric of working life as we know it—business, manufac- | turing, mining, agriculture — all | would be mangled and crippled under such a system. Yet to maintain even that crippled independence would require permanent conscription of our manpower; it would curtail the funds we couid spend on education, on housing, on public works, on flood control, on health. Instead, we should oe per-

manently pouring our resources into armaments; and, year- in and year our, standing day and night watch against the destruction of our cities.

Even our right of worship would The Nazi world

the human being, of the majesty of he human soul, in a world where moral standards are measured hy treachery and bribery and Fifth Columnists? Will our children; too, wahder off, goose - stepping in search of new gods?

‘COMING CLOSE TO HOME’

We do not accept, and will not permit, this Nazi “shape of things to come.” It will never be forced upon us, if we act in this present crisis with the wisdom and the courage which have distinguished our country in all the crises of the past.

The Nazis have taken military

of Britain, her colonies, and the

{great Dominions, fighting not only

to maintain the existence of the island of Britain, but also to hold the Near East and Africa. The other is the maghificent defense of China, which will, I have reason to believe, increase in strength. All of these, together, prevent the AXis from winning control of the seas by ships and aircraft.

STRESSES SEAPOWER

The Axis Powers can hever achieve their objective of world domination unless they first obtain control of the seas. This is their supreme purpose today; and to achieve it, they must capture Great Britain. They could then have the power to dictate to the Western Hemisphere. No spurious argument, no appeal to sentiment, and no false pledges like those given by Hitler at Munich, can deceive the American people into believing that he and his Axis partners would net, with Britain defeated, close in relentlessly on this hemisphere. But if the Axis powers fail to gain control of the seas, they are certainly defeated. Their dreams of world domination will then go by the board; and the criminal leaders who started this war will suffer inevitable disaster.

‘ALL FREEDOM INVOLVED’

Both they and their people know this—and they are afraid. That

possession of the greater part of Europe. In Africa they have oc- | cupied Tripoli and Libya and they! are threatening Egypt, the Suez! Canal, and the Near East. But their plans do not stop there, for the Indian Ocean is the gateway to the East.

They also have the armed power at any moment to occupy Sphin and Portugal; and that threat extends not only to French North Africa and the western end of the Mediterranean, but also to the At-| lantic fortress of Dakar, and to the

text of President Roosevelt's national emergency:

directed toward any part of t By the President of the proclamation: Whereas on Sept. 8, 193 war in Europe a proclamatio ited national emergency and

sea and in the air, and Whereas indifference on

izations of military strength

seven now gresuizine—ip build a

the United States of Ameri

is why they are risking everything

they have, conducting desperate atJipmuig to break through to the

‘command of the ocean. Once they are limited to. a continuing land war, their cruel forces of occupation will be unable to keep their heel on the necks ofthe millions of innocent, oppressed peoples on the continent of Europe; and in the end, their whole structure will break into little pieces. And the wider the Nazi land effort, the greater the danger. We do not forget the silenced peoples. The masters of Germany—

proclamation of an unlimited

‘Proclaiming that an unlimited national emergency confronts this country, which requires that its military, naval, air and civilian defenses be put on the basis of readiness to repel any and all acts or threats of aggression

he Western Hemisphere. United States of America, a

9, beta of the outbreak of n was issued declaring a limdirecting measures “for the

purpose of strengthening our naticnal defense within the limits of peacetime authorizations”; Whereas a succession of events makes plain that the objectives of the Axis belligerents in such war are not confined ‘to those avowed at its commencement, but include overthrow throughout the world of existing democratic order, and a world-wide domination of peoples and economies through the destruction of all resistance on land and

the part of the United States

to the increasing menace would be perilous, and common prudence requires that for the security of this nation and of this hemisphere we should pass from peacetime author-

to such a basis as will enable

us to cope instantly and decisively with any attempt at hostile encirclement of this hemisphere, or the establishment of any base for aggression against it, as well as to repel the threat of predatory incursion by foreign agents into our territory and society, Now, therefore, I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of

ca, do proclaim that an un-

Atlantic would jeopardize the.im- |"

those, at least, who have not been assassinated or escaped to free soil —have marked these peoples and their children’s children for slavery. But those people—spiritually unconquered: Austrians, Czechs, Poles, Norwegians, Dutch, Belgians, Frenchmen, Greeks, Southern Slavs —yes, even those Italians and Germans who themselves have been enslaved—will prove to be a powerful force in disrupting the Nazi system. Yes, all freedom—meaning - freedom to live, and not freedom to conquer and subjugate other peoples—depends on freedom of the seas. = All of American history— north, central and south American history—has been inevitably tied up with those words, “freedom of the sea.” * Since 1799, when our infant Navy made the - West Indies and the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico safe for American ships, since 1804 and 1805 when we made all peaceful commerce safe from the depredations of the Barbary pirates; since the war of 1812, which was fought for the preservation of

sailors’ rights;” since 1867, when our

sea power made it possible for the Mexicans to expel the French army of Louis Napoleon, we have striven and fought in defense of freedom of the seas—for our own shipping, for the commerce of our sister republics, for the right of all nations to use the highways of: world trade —and for our own safety.

‘THE BLUNT TRUTH’

During the first World War we were able to escort. merchant ships by the use of small cruisers, gunboats and destroyers: and this type of convoy was effective against submarines. In this Second World War, however, the problem is greater, because the attack on the freedom of the seas is mow fourfold: First— the improved submarine: second— the much greater use of the heavily -armed raiding cruiser or hit-and-run battleship; third —the bombing airplane, which is capable of destroying merchant ships seven or eight hundred miles from its nearest base; and fourth—the destruction of ‘merchant ships in those ports of the world which are accessible to bombing attack. The Battle of the Atlantic now extends from the icy waters. of the North Pole to the. frozen continent of the Antarctic. Throughout this huge area, there have been sinkings of merchant ships in alarming and increasing numbers by Nazi raiders or submarines. There have been sinkings even of ships carrying neutral flags. There have been sinkings in the South Atlantic, off West Africa and the Cape Verde Islands; between the Azores and the islands off the American coast; and between Greenland and Iceland. Great numbers of these sinkings have been actually within~the waters of the Western Hemipshere.

The blunt truth is tiivand 1 reveal this with the full knowledge

of the British Government: The

Western Hemisphere.

and unnecessary frictions.

first in mind and. in action to

‘resources of this nation.

day of May, in

present rate of Nazi sinkings of merchant ships is more than three times as high as the capacity of British shipyards to replace them: it is more than twice the combined British and American output of merchant ships today. We can answer this peril by two simultaneous measures: First,” by speeding ‘up and increasing our great shipbuilding program; and second, by helping to cut down the losses on the high seas. Attacks on shipping off the very shores of land which we are determined to protect present an actual military danger to the Americas. And that danger has recently been heavy underlined hy the presence in Western Hemisphere waters of Nazi battleships of great striking power.

CITES GREENLAND STRATEGY

Most of the supplies for Britain go by a northerly route, which cornes close to Greenland and the nearby island of Iceland. Germany’s heaviest attack is on that route. Nazi occupation of Iceland or bases in Greenland would bring the war close to our continental shores; because they are stepping-stones to Labrador, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and the northern United States, including the great industrial centers of the North, Eas’ and Middle West. Equally, the Azores and the Cape Verde Islends, if occupied or tontrolled by Germany, would directly endanger the freedom of the Atlantic and our own physical safety. Under German domination they would become bases for submarines, warships and airplanes raiding the waters which lie immediately off our own coasts and attacking the shipping in the South Atlantic. They would provide a springboard for actual attack against the integrity and independence of Brazil and | her neighboring republics.

WARNS OF DANGER |

I have sai¢ on many .occasions that the United States is mustering its men and its resources only for purposes. of cefense—only to repel attack. I repeat that statement now. But we must be realistic when we use the world “attack”; we have

to relate it to the lightning speed

of modern: warfare. Some peopl: seem to think that we are not attacked until hombs actually drop on New York or San Francisco or New Orleans or Chicago. But they are simply shutting their eyes to the lesson-we must learn from the" fate of every nation that the Nazis have conquered. The attack on Czechoslovakia began with the conquest of Austria. The attack on Norway began with the occupation of Denmark. The attack on Greece began with occupation of Albania and Bulgaria. The attack on the Suez Canal began with thé invasion of the Balkans and North Africa. The at-

Text of Unlimited Emergency Proclamation

WASHINGTON, May 28 (U. P.).—Following is the , limited national emergency confronts this country, which requires that its military, naval, air and civilian defenses be put on the basis of readiness to repel any and all acts

or threats of aggression directed toward ay part of the

I call upon all the loyal citizens engaged in production for defense to give precedence to the needs of the nation to the end that a system of government that makes Private enterprise possible may survive. I call upon all our loyal workmen as well as employers to merge their lesser differences in the larger effort to insure the surviyal of the only kind of government which recognizes the rights of labor or of capital.

I call upon loyal state and local leaders and officials to co-operate with the civilian defense agencies of the United States to assure ‘our internal security against foreign directed subversion and to put every community in order for maximum productive effort and minimum of | [waste

I call upon all loyal citizens to place the nation’s needs

the end that we may mobilize

and have ready for instant defensive use all of the physical powers, all of the moral strength and all of the material

\

In witness whereof I have. hereunto set. my hand and caused the seal of the United States of America to affixed.

Done at the City of Washington this Twenty-Seventh

the year of Our

Lord Nineteen Hundred and FortyOne, and of the independence of the United States of America the One Hundred and Sixty-Fifth,

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT

By the President: CORDELL HULL y of State.

| sphere and us.

tack on the United States can begin with the domination of any

‘base which menaces our security—

north or south. : . Nobo?y can fortell tonight just when the acts of the dictators will ripen into attack on this hemiBut we know enough by now to realize that it would be suicide to wait until they are in our front .yard. ' When your enemy comes at you in a tank or a bombing plane, if you hold your fire until you see the

| whites of his eyes, you will never

know what hit you. Our Bunker Hill of tomorrow may be. several thousand miles from Boston.

‘STERN CHOICES’ NEEDED

Anyone with an atlas and a reasonable knowledge of the sudden

| striking force of modern war, knows {| that it is stupid to wait until a | probable enemy has gained a foot'|hold from which to attack. Old-

fashioned common sense calls for

[the use of a strategy which will pre-

vent such an enemy from gaining

a foothold in the first place. We “have, accordingly, extended our patrol in North and South Atlantic waters. We are steadily adding more ard more ships and planes to that patrol. It is well known that the strength of the Atlantic fleet has been greatly increased during the last year, and is constantly being built up.

These ships and planes warn of the presence of attacking™raiders, bn the sea, under the sea, and above the sea. The danger from these raiders is ‘greatly. lessened if their location is definitely known. We are thus being forewarned; and we shall be on our guard against efforts to establish Nazi bases closer to our hemisphere.

The deadly facts of war compel nations, for. simple self-preserva-tion, to make stern-choices. It does not make sense, for instance, to say “I believe in the defense of all the Wetsern Hemisphere,” and in the next breath to say, “I will not fight for that defense until the enemy has landed on our shores.” And if we believe in the independence and integrity of the Americas, we must be willing to fight to defend them just as much as we would to fight for the safety of our.own homes. It is time for us to realize that the safety of American homes even in the center - of our country has a definite relationship to the continued: safety of homes in Nova Scotia or Trinidad or Brazil.

Our national policy today, therefore, is this: First, we shall. actively resist whenever . necessary, and with all our resources, every attempt by Hitler to extend his Nazi domination ‘to the Western Hemisphere, or to threaten it. We shall actively resist his every attempt tp gain control of the seas. We insist upon the vital importance of keeping Hitlerism away from any point in the word which could be used and would be used as a base of attack against the Americas.

WARNS ‘TIMID ONES’

Second, from the point of view of strict naval and military necessity, we shall give every possible assistance to Britain and to all who, with Britain, are resisting Hitlerism or its equivalent with force of arms. Our patrols are helping now to insure delivery of the needed supplies to Britain. All additional measures necessary to deliver the goods will be taken. Any and all further methods of combination of methods, which can or should be utilized, are being devised by our military and naval technicans, who, with me, will work out and put into effect such new and additional safeguards as may be needed. The delivery of needed supplies to Britain is imperative. This can be done; it must be done; it will be done.

To the other American nations— twenty republics and the Dominion of Canada—I say this: The United States does not merely propose these purposes, but is actively engaged today in carrying them out.

I say to them further: You may disregard those few citizens of the United States who contend that we are disunited and cannot act.

There are some timid ones among us who say that we must preserve peace at any price—lest we lose our liberties forever. To them I say: Never in the history of the world has a nation lost its democracy by a successful struggle to defend its democracy. We must not be defeated by the fear of the very danger which we are preparing to resist. Our freedom has shown its ability to survive war, but it would never survive surrender. “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

‘MORE THAN FIGHTING’

There is, of course, a small group of sincere, patriotic men and women whose real passion for peace

alities of international banditry and to the need to resist it at all costs. I am sure they are embarrassed by the sinister support they are receiv-

ing from the enemies of democracy in our midst—the Bundists, and Fascists, and Communists, and every group devoted to bigotry and racial and religious intolerance. It is ne mere coincidence that all the arguments put forward by these enemies of democracy—all their attempts to confuse and divigle our people and to destroy public \confidence in our Government-—all i defeatist forebodings that Britain and democracy are already beaten —all their selfish promises that \we can “do business” with Hitler—all of these are but echoes of the words that have been poured out from the Axis bureaus of propaganda. Those same words have been used before in other countries—to Scare them, to divide them, to soften them up. Invariably, those same words have formed the advance guard of physical attack. Your Government has the right to expect of all citizens that they take loyal part in the common work of our common defense—take loyal part from this moment forward. I have recently set up the machinIt will

ery. for civilian. defense. organize,

‘| while the other is being laundered.

has shut their eyes to the ugly re-|

ity. It will depend on the organized effort of men and women everywhere.| All will have responsibilities to fulfill. Defense today means more than merely fighting. It means morale, civilian as well as military; it means using every available resource; it means enlarging every useful plant. It means the use of a greater American common sense in discarding rumor and distorted statement. It means recognizing, for what they are, racketeers and Fifth Columnists, who are the incendiary bombs of the moment. All of us know that we have made very great social progress in recent years. We propose to main- | tain that progress and strengthen it. When the nation is threatened from without, however, as it is today, the actual production and transportation on the machinery of defense must not be interrupted by disputes between capital and capital, labor and labor, or capital and labor. The future of all free en-

terprise—af capital and labor alike —is at stake.

This is no time for capital to make, or be allowed to retain, excess profits. Articles of defense must have undisputed right of way in every industrial plant in the country.

A nation-wide machinery for conciliation and mediation of industrial disputes has been set up. That - machinery must be used promptly--and without stoppage of work. Collective bargaining will be retained, but the American people expect that impartial recommendations of our Government services will be followed both by capital and by -labor.

The overwhelming majority of our

citizens expect their Government to see that the tools of defense are

built; and for the very purpose of preserving the democratic

safeguards of both labor and management, this Government is determined to use all of its power to express the will of its people, and to prevent interference with the production of materials essential to our nation’s security.

WORLD IS DIVIDED

Today the whole world is divided between human slavery and human freedom-—between pagan brutality and the Christian ideal. We choose human freedom— which is the Christian ideal. No one of us can waver for a moment in his courage or his faith. We will not accept a Hitler-domi-nated world. And we will not accept a world, like the post-war world of the 1920’s, in which the seeds of Hitlerism can again be planted and allowed to grow. We will accept only a world consecrated to freedom of speech and expression—freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—

MANY WOMEN

freedom from want—and freedom from terror. Is such a world impossible of ate tfainment?

| Magna Carta, the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of the United States, the Emancipa~ . tion Proclamation and every other. niilestone in human progress—all were ideals which seemed impossible of attainment=yet they were attained.

As a military force, we were weak’ when we established our independ-

lence, but we successfully stood off

tyrants, powerful in their day, who are now lost in.the dust of history, Odds meant nothing to us then, - Shall we now, with all our poten

| tial strength, hesitate to take every

single measure necessary to maine tain our American liberties? Our people and our government will not hesitate to meet that chals lenge.

‘WE WILL DECIDE’

As the President of a united and determined people, I say solemnly: We reassert the. ancient Amerie can doctrine of freedom of the seas. We reassert the solidarity of the 21 American republics and the Dominion of Canada in the presere vation of the dependents of -the hemisphere. We have pledged mateiial. sup= port te the other democracies of the world—and we will fulfill that pledge. We in the Americas will decide for ourselves whether, and when, and where, our American interests are attacked or our security theate ened. We. are placing our armed forces in strategic military position. We will not hesitate to use our armed forces to repel attack. We reassert our abiding faith in the vitality of our constitutional ree public as a perpetual home of freee dom, of tolerance, and of devotion to the Word of God. Therefore, with profound cone sciousness of my responsibilities to my countrymen and to my country’s cause, I have tonight issued a proclamation that an unlimited national emergency exists and requires the strengthening of our defense to the extreme limit of our national powey and authority. The nation will expect all indie viduals and all groups to play their full parts, without stint, and with out selfishness, and without doubt that our democracy will triume phantly survive. I repeat the words of the signers of the Declaration of Independence —that little band of patriots, fight« ing long ago against overwhelming odds, but certain, as are we, of ultie mate victory: “With a firm, relie ance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to gach other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honot.”

FEAR THAT

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The washing of corsets is not,

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|

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