Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 9 May 1941 — Page 9

FRIDAY, MAY 9, 1041

WAR PLANES IN HIGHER CEILINGS

Type of Propeller and Wings And Weight Are Factors In Altitude.

By MAJOR AL WILLIAMS Times Aviation Editer Eu fope's war—the air end of it— is climbing higher every day, and | there's a flock of misconceptions as| to how it is getting there and about the technical requirements for | fighting above 20,000 feet. You just don't! get into a 1000 or 2000 - horse-| power engined plane and climb and climb without limit. In| terms of military | aircraft alone, | there are two] so - called ceil- | ings. The “serv-| ice” ceiling is the altitude be-| Maj. Williams Yond which a) plane can be} climbed less than 200 feet a minute. | The “absolute” ceiling is the alti-| ude beyond which the plane can-| 10t be climbed at all. The service! ceiling of a military plane is its greatest useful ceiling. There are many factors in the problem of getting that service ceiling higher and higher, prominent among them being the efficiency of the wings. There are high-lift wings and speed wings, and a com- | promise between the two is gener-

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ally the most desirable. Weight Is Factor | Ar oth er factor is the weight to! be carried aloft. This is reckoned | as the pounds per square foot of wing area. The higher the weight per square foot of wing arg, the reater lift the wing must develop, ft development becomes critiere the air is thin. sther major factor is the type [ proj In the thin upper air he LEop blades must be set at] g er anjles. To get propeller offic ier at -jous altitudes, props must oe used hote blade angles can be altered to fit the varying densities of air The most important item is the engine As the engine pulls the wings along, the air sweeping over them creates the lift which takes the plane off the ground and keeps it up. In an unsupercharged engine, vith the air and gasoline charge in each cylinder sucked there by the downward intake stroke of the pist ton, a partial vacuum is created in he combustion chamber. There's not to push the gasoline-air

mix from the carburetor into this part ial vacuum except the outside atmospheric pressure — 14.7 pounds per square inch at sea level.

Pressure Lessens

Above sea level the outside air has less pushing power. The higher | you fly, the less is this pressure. Hence the supercharger, which is merely a metal fan, engine driven and inside the engine, pumping air through the carburetor and into the cylinders. The denser the mass of S and air in the cylinders, 1e greater power can be developed. | The s pe rcharger supplies this den-| sity at high altitudes The supercharger is a gear-driven | circular affair—a disc with pro-| truding vanes designed to catch the air and push it into the cylinders. | The axle of the disc is mounted in| ball bearings, and in some cases! the supercharger revolves 12 and 14] times faster than the engine crankshaft—that is, 25,000 to 30,000 revolutions per minute. For a picture of the intricate problem involved in enabling an | aircraft engine to turn out high power at great altitudes, keep in mind the 25,000 to 30,000 revolutions of a supercharger when you use your house electric fan, which makes about 1200 revolutions a minute.

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