Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 24 February 1941 — Page 9

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‘MONDAY, FEB. 24, 1941

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Hoosier Vagabond

: . ; CLYDEBANK, Scotland (By Wireless).—I made some new friends and spent an evening with them. They are good, normal intelligent, Scottish working people. Their name is Roberts. They live in a brick row house in a wide suburban street. They are a family of seveil—a grandfather, Lis three grows children, a sin-in-law and two little grandbabies. William Roberts, the head of the house, was a needle straightener in a sewing-machine factory, but is retired now. I never knew there was such a thing as a needle straightener. Greta, the youngest daughter, now works in that same factory, but it doesn’t make sewing machines any more—it makes mu- : nitions. : Willie, the son, used to work in the shipyards but has tried to better himself through much study, reading and thinking. He works for the Government now, making talks about war aims all over the country. The family laughs and calls him the professor. He farms a small allotment in a park a few blocks away. The son-in-law is a plater in the shipyards. Like good average people anywhere, the Robertses all say what they think, and it isn’t all in praise of the Government. They are down amidst the details of war work, and details that are wrong loom large to them. They see inefficiency and waste and floundering organization and they come right out with it. They sound just like people at home. Greta, the youngest, said to me: “Do you suppose America will come in at the last minute again, and say she won the war?” “ But in spite of that crack we got along famously.

Cowboy Pyle Eats Jelly Greta smokes cigarets, she once worked in London for three months, and her greatest desire is to see Hawaii. Her brother and I were a little late getting home, and we missed supper. So Greba threw together a snack of fried eggs and sausage.’ The rest of the family sat in front of the fireplace while we ate. There was a jar of jelly on the table. I took some

By Ernie Pyle

onto my plate and began putting it on some bread. “Wait,” Greta called, “that’s jelly.” “Sure, I know it is,” I said. “But you're putting it on your bread,” she said. “Of course,” I said. “What should I do with it?” “Why we eat it for deisert over here,” she said. “I never heard of putting jelly on’ bread with yoar meal.” She laughed every time. I took a bite. No American had ever beer. in the Roberts’ home before, and I think I amused them a great deal. They said I talked with a drawl just like the cowboys in the movies. Greta said she really expected me to go “Yippee!” every once in a while. The Roberts family hag an Anderson shelter out back. They have fixed it up nice with electric lights and a heater, but they have never had to use it. They appreciate the fact that they’ve been lucky, and they don’t count on the luck lasting forever. They are ready for a raid when it comes, and they expect one.

Tribute to Churchill

At the fireside we got to discussing Mr. Churchill. Back in America I suppose¢ we hear Churchill’s name mentioned a dozen times a dav, but when we started talking about him here if suddenly occurred to me that ¥ had heard his name¢ mentioned very seldom in England. I don’t know why that is, for Britain idolizes him and certainly is behind him to a man. Yet they don’t talk much about him, and I never yet have heard him referred to 2s “Winnie,” as we have been told in America he is so fondly called. At any rate I thought the Roberts’ feeling about Churchill was very revealing, All their critical talk about production and speed and British methods ot warfare and so forth wers just good democracy expressing itself. But their {alk about Churchill showed where their real feelings lay. The son-in-law, sitting on & couch, shook his head and said: “I don’t know what would nappen to us if we lost Churchill.” a, And his father, in a deep chair by the fire, said: “Yes, it would be bad. He's the man who pulled us together.” By then it was midnight and the last bus was about due, so I said goodby znd felt my way out in

- the Scottish night. .

Inside Indianapolis (And “Our Town”)

WE'VE BEEN MEANING to tell you about the batons Mr. Sevitzky waves at the Symphony Orchestra. They're made by a Mr. Spalding, who lives in Boston and teaches high school. With Mr. Spalding, baton-making is a hobby. Mr. Sevitzky and Mr. : Spalding got acquainted struck the baton bargain when Mr. Sevitzky was conducting in Boston. To beat out the time and bring in this section or that at the proper time, it takes about two and a half dozen rehearsal batons for Mr. Sevitzky and 16 concert sticks in one season.. Mr. Be-Prepared Sevitzky always brings two to each concert. One he uses. The other he lays on the concertmaster’s stand in : case the first one should break down. The concert sticks are made of Canadian wood and are almost needle sharp at the point. If the maestro raps too smartly for attention, they’ll break. And speaking of their being sharp . . . the other day at rehearsal one of the batons got loose from Mr. Sevitzky on a particularly emphatic downbeat. It darted through the section on Mr. Sevitzky's left, almost parting the hair of one innocent musician, and ran smack into a violin of the last stand. The violin: section paid rapt attention for the remainder of the rehearsal.

Mr. Willkie Declines

IF WENDELL WILLKIE is thinking of his political future (and why wouldn't he be?), he’s not saying anything about it. : When he landed at the airport last week, an impromptu’ press conference was held partially under the wing of his chartered plane. Everything went off

Washington

WASHINGTON, Feb. 24.—Responsible persons who are working over the shape of the postwar .world get .along very well until they come to Hitler's Germany. There they are baffled. They can see the road clearly toward an AngloAmerican combination of seapower and airpower that will be superior to any other combination. They are calmly confident that Hitler cannot overcome it.

But that is not considered to be sufficient. Hitler must be overcome, or else, they feel, an end to the war will be only a truce while another war is prepared for. This is the problem that is causing the real perplexity not only among people like you and me but at the top. ; The war and the peace must be considered, and is being considered, as a twodimensional problem. One dimension concerns ‘erritorial adjustments, physical settlements. The other concerns the ideological conflict, the war of philosophies—the war between the democratic concept and the totalitarian cqneept. It is a war just as real as the war over physical possessions.

The Totalitarian War

You might have a perfect territorial settlement. But if the war between the philosophies goes on, then you have no real peace. It will be of small protection to adjust the conflict over Alsace and Lorraine, or over Danzig, and have continuing the totalitarian war which Hitler was waging long before September, 1939. On the other hand, it would be possible to have a very bad territorial settlement but a true peace if the totalitarian effort at world revolution were ended. In that case territorial adjustments could be worked out—they will never be satisfactory all around, but it would be possible to prevent small natidns from starting world wars over their disputes. Thus the problem that keeps American and British statesmen awake at night is what to do about Hitler and the Nazi revolution. They would consider it a godsend if something should cause Germany to break up. from inside—

My Day

WASHINGTON, Sunday. —On Friday I lunched with Mrs. Claude Wickard, wife of the Secretary of Agricussure. We had such a pleasant time that, on reaching the station, I found I had kept my husband’s train waiting five minutes. However, the im- : portant point for me was that he did wait, and’ then we started for Hyde Park. ¢ Miss Thompson and I worked all the way up, except for a very pleasant dinner period. Secretary and Mrs. Morgenthau and their daughter, Joan, and Harry Hopkins were also on the train. We all had a hilarious time and then went back to work until the train reached the station at 10:30 p. m. Even then I had to finish the mail i after I reached home. : Yesterday morning I was very leisurely, but I had the pleasure of talking with a group of people who are interested in making our public schools more effective in training young people for life in a democracy. I enjoyed my hour with them and then the whole family from the big house joined me at the cottage for lunch. - The day was rather

; cloudy, but enough snow remained on the ground to

and .

nicely until one reporter (a Times man, incidentally) asked him if he'd take a Presidential nomination in 1944. That marked the end of the press conference. - Mr. Willkie said such talk now was “silly” and he took his political future cn to Rushville—in secret,

One-Man Band

IT'S WORTH a noon-hour trip to the County Commissioners’ office on the off chance that Commissioner William Brown will be there practicing his favorite trick. He’s a sort of one-man band with no director (and no batons), Mr. Brown concocts his music like this: He sits in a chair with his back to the wall, resting one arm on a table. One foot is placed on a chair in front of Mr. Brown. He rolls his fingers on the table to simulate a snare. drum and beats hi: foot on the chair for a bass drum and whistles a stirring maréhing melody at the same time. He's pretty good and if you want an encore, say “Gee, Bill. That's swell” “Really?” says Mr. Brown drummer.” An encore will be renclerecl immediately. Spring or Winter? SHORTLY AFTER sighting a blue jay at 43d and Pennsylvania Sts. yesterclay, we saw a skating party on Fall Creek near Kessler Blvd. The blue jay performed “without accompaniment. However, the skat= ers had a portable radio set on the ice and turned on some swing. A small dance was in progress. Marie Goth was explaining about that portrait of John T. McCutcheon, tlie cartoonist, at the Hoosier Salon exhibit at Block’, One hand is posed in a conventional way but the other is in a rather diffichilt perspective. The hard ¢ne was done in 15 minutes. The easy one, said Miss Groth, had to be done three times. She couldn’t explain. ]

“Well, I used to be a

By Raymond Clapper

\ with Prussia and Bavaria separating, for Instance.

But some practical statesmen doubt if the akup can be forced from without. The Germ nation, the younger Germans, have become impregnated with Hitlerism. No realistic statesmen under-estimates the hold that Hitler hés on the younger generation of Germans. They do hot see how a peaceful world is possible with legions of young Germans believing as they sing that “today we rule Germany; tomorrow we rule the world.” | If anyone knows how to break that up, knows how to induce the German people as a nation to change their philosophy and accept a place in a society of free nations, he is the genius that the democratic world /is waiting for.

A Definite Blockade

Until that change in German temper comes about, the thought dominating consideration of this question now is that the ‘wessure will have to be kept on, even if the fighting ends, through the sea and air power and control over raw materials.

The dream is, in effect. of an indefinite blockade so to speak, the quarantine technique, applied in hard-boiled spirit, always with the offer pending that raw materials and trade will be opened up to any nation that will play in the game. Small nations would be encouraged to attach themselves to the free nations, and it would be made worth their while to do so. The resources of the combination would be used in every possible way toward these ends. The control points would be London and Washington, As the United States woull be the chief pumping station in any such operatioi, this Government would be obliged to obtain from: Great Britain numerous assurances that would iiisure using this power for the ends suggested, not for some ulterior purpose. Our interest in this is that it seems as if whenever a big war occurs Uncle $am, somehow or other, is always handed the bill, We are either drawn into it or come so close that we must practically put ourselves into a wartime economy as a matter of protection. It is proving to he a more expensive luxury than we ought to aff¢rd, twice in a generation. We have discovered that when wolf nations are loose in the world we somehow become -involved in hunting them down. So some people think it might be smarter to join with the other large like-minded powers to patrol and pen up those wolf nations until they are domesticated out of iheir menacing habits.

By Eleanor Roosevelt

give us the contrast biztween the dark evergreen trees and the white ground heneath them, so that the country looked beautiful. It was very peaceful and T would have liked to stay, but a promise mide months ago started me back to Washington in th¢ late afternoon. This morning I am on my way to Fetersburg, Va., to visit the state college there and give a short talk. I am glad, however, that th~ President is able to have at least two full days at home, any I hope nothing will bring him back to Washington until Monday. : I hope you saw th: announcement of a new series of nation-wide dramific programs presented by the Free Company, whicii makes its debut this Sunday from 3 to 3:30. I hove that many of you listened in, because the script writers are among the best known

in our country. Tha producers and actors are all

people .we know ani admire. One part of their description of what ‘hey mean to do stands out before me: “It’s America in the spring of 1941. It’s a frank appraisal of the freedom we wish to retain, and the faults we wish to remove. It's America today. With all its flaws and all its problems, still the best place on earth to live.” . They should make us realize this superlatively well. It is good to see Americans as a whole take stock of what we wart to do. §

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and Patras, I have encountered only one kind of Greek. They are men and women for whom freedom is life and death is only an - episode. People of this caliber arerare in the modern world. You may say that even their magnificent fighting hearts may not suffice, if they must .combat Fascists and Nazis at once, and of course, this

counted. But there are several respects in which the ItaloGreek. conflict has differed from previous totalitarian aggressions. Topographically, the Greek-Albanian war theater is almost another Switzerland compared with Holland, Belgium and Flanders. These uninterrupted mountain ranges are formidable obstacles for mechanized infantry to pierce or

conquer. The Nazis have never confronted terrain like this, except in Norway, and there the snow-capped mountains were not defended by a people with a great fighting tradition, nor by an aroused ahd prepared ‘nation. P 2 8 nn

British Acted Swiftly

IN GREECE, TOO, the British did everything which they failed so fatally to do in support of the Norwegians. The British moved with speed and determination. Within 24 hours they had senior air officers of the Middle-East

command in Athens, conferring ‘with Metaxas and his general staff. Within 48 hours—instead of never, as in Norway — they had R. A. F. bombers established on Greek soil and raiding Italian ports. In Greece, British aid was swift and it has been ever-increasing. This is why the Anglo-Greek effort has established front lines far inside Albania: Why an allied front of great offensive and defensive potentialities has been consolidated where it is a perpetual threat against Valona and the remainder of Italian--held Als bania. . Now Mussolini is reported to be marshaling 300,000 or more troops in central Albania, hoping to launch a counter-offensive to retrieve the shattered prestige of Fascist arms. To prepare for this, he has had to abandon the dispatch of reinforcements to the defeated divisions of Marshal Rodolfo Braziani in Libya. To hope to succeed in this planned coun-ter-offensive II Duce has also been compelled to become the prisoner of ' Hitler. Even now, and despite the reputed strength of his new Albanian army, it seems toubtful whether he can break through the G.eeks without important Nazi help.

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How Far Will Hitler Go?

THAT RAISES a significant question: How can Mussolini yet be saved from his own folly, and how far will Hitler intervene? To begin with, it should be stated that the ground war in Greece and Albania has been fought entirely by the Greek Army and nothing else. As long as I was in Greece I never saw one company of British infantry anywhere nor a single British soldier within hundreds of miles of the front. Maybe that situation has changed in the past five or six weeks, and if 'so, it is likely to be of considerable historic importance. Two ‘things, I think, are very clear: Tn order to stage a coun-ter-offensive in Albania, with any chances of success, Mussolini will need the help of several hundred Nazi warplanes, or a simultaneous Garman attack upon the northern frontiers of Greece—and perhaps he will need both. In a word, the war against Greece threatens to become Hitler's war instead of Mussolini's. That is now hap-

600 END STRIKE AT MARION RADIO PLANT

MARION, Ind. Feb. 24 (U.P.).— Six hundred workers today returned to the Farnsworth Television and Radio Corp. plant here after settlement of a week-old strike. The strikers met yesterday and approved an argument reached by company officials and representatives of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Union, an A. F. of L. affiliate. Robert W. Pilkington, U. S. Department of Labor conciliator who conducted the negotiations, an-

granted a preferential shop as a part of the agreement and minor wage increases were authorized. The union called the strike Feb. 14 and company officials decided to suspend all plant operations until the dispute was settled. Work on radio equipment for the U. S. Army which was interrupted during the strike will be resumed.

STIMSON ON TRIP

CHARLESTON, S. C, Feb. 24 (U. P.).—Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson leaves here today for an inspection trip at Ft. Jackson, S. C.

The War Department executive has

possibility cannot be dis-

nounced that the union tad been

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“It would seem a bit too soon to expect either a Fascist counter- offensive in Albania or a Nazi invasion of Greece through Bulgaria. In | regard to the former alternative, February is renowed as the most ter rible month in the Albanian mountains (shown above with Greek | soldiers in the foreground). Flying conditions are usually impossible and fighting conditions little short of that.” |

pening. It is the only way in which the Greek people could be robbed of their victory. It would seem a bit too soon to expect eitner a Fascist counteroffensive in Albania or a Nazi invasion of Greece through Bulgaria. In regard to the former alternative, February is renowned as the most terrible month in the Albanian mountains. Flying conditions are usually impossible and fighting conditions little short of that. : . March, with its snow and floods and slush and mud, is also exceedingly bad for infantry operations —something which also applies to the Thracian frontier region where the Nazis may strike. In March, airplanes would be able to gradually operate with more and more freedom over both the threatened areas. But there still remains a month during which either Fascist or Nazi drives would risk bogging down at the start.

Whole Picture Altered THIS MEANS THAT some three months will have expired since the Italo-Greek war became stalemated by ice and snow just in front of Tepeleni. Since midDecember the aspect of the entire Mediterranean conflict has changed enormously. The Italians have been routed in Libya and all threat to Egypt and the Suez Canal has been removed. British forces in the Middle East, both in men and in airplanes and all kinds of equipment, have grown tremendously. British ability to aid the Greeks has increased in proportion. Realizing fully the inevitable crucial test of the coming spring, both the British and the Greeks have been preparing feverishly. No war correspondent knows, or would be free to tell, how much British war material has been poured into Greece in the past two months. Everyone knows, however, that the amount must be very considerable and that the British have far more to spare for their Greek allies than they had last November. It is also certain that a great deal of work has been done upon Greek airfields during these winter weeks, that Greek aerial defenses have been vastly strengethened and that Greek communications have been bolstered by the arrival of hundreds of trucks. These changed conditions may, or may not, be sufficient to maintain the Anglo-Greek foothold on the European continent. I do not pretend to know, but I do not conceive that Winston Churchill is a man to abandon this strategic foothold easily, nor would the recent visit to Athens by Gen. Sir Archibald Wavell (head of Britain’s Middle East command) ap-

HOLD EVERYTHING

pear to indicate any such thing. Even so, a combined FascistNazi attack upon both the Albanian front and the Thracian border might be more than could be withstood indefinitely. But I am one who thinks that this speculation or probability—call it what you will—is of entirely secondary importance beside two other matters: 1. What would a Nazi invasion of Greece do to Hitler's prospects in the major war theater, which is the Western Front? 2. Would a German occupation of part or all of Greece begin to be worth what it would undoubtedly cost?

Might Delay Invasion Again

IN REGARD TO Question No. 1, it .appears most probable (some

would say certain) that the Nazis cannot go all-out against Greece

and hope to subject her swiftly without adjourning indefinitely their much-prophesied invasion of

the British Isles. The terrain is too difficult. The Greeks are too tough. The possibility of large British suport on the Greek mainland and from the sea is too unpredictable. To be sure of success the Nazis would have to employ huge quantities of warplanes. Despite all the tall stories about Germany's “crushing” aerial superiority, the Nazi airforce has done exceedingly little “crushing” against England in the past seven months. There exists no performance evidence (in contrast to alarmist evidence) to indicate that Hitler has anything like 2000 or 3000 airplanes to spare at this time. There is even less evidence to show that Hitler possesses anything like as much heavy lubricating oil for airplane engines as he would need for a war on two fronts. Because of these and other factors I doubt very much that Hitler can invade Greece this spring without postponing once more his attempt to smash the British isles and the stronghold of British resistance. But if Hitler again adjourns his “invasion of England,” he is certain to have much greater odds against him when he is compelled to try it later on. It remains to be seen whether Hitler will keep his eye on the main chince or be pulled into a Balkan gamble by Mussolini.

Headache for the Nazis

THERE remains the other question, that of the cost of a Nazi conquest of Greece. I have driven from one end of Greece to the other and it is the most fantastic collection of rocks of all sizes that I have ever encountered, within the same area, on four continents. It has no minerals. It has very few industries. It has no exportable surplus of food. In fact, none

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but the hardy, canny, frugal Greeks could ever have existed in the land for thousands of years. The Nazis will get no war sinews out of Greece, whereas—as conquerors—they would be sure of getting a terrific headache. Of course, they might get the great port of Salonika with its strategic outlet upon the Aegean Sea, and

it may be that Hitler's chief desire is to possess this outlet and to keep it out of British hands. ° After all, the way to Salonika from the Bulgarian or Jugoslav borders is much easier than the route across Albania. Perhaps the Nazi dictator wouid only want to grab Salonika and leave the Italians to recover what they can elsewhere. Even so, the cost would be far from small—and the adventure taken at the risk of bringing the Turks into the war.

» » s Bad News in Any Form

IF HITLER WANTS Salonika, badly enough, if he has nightmares over British planes being within bombing range of the Roumanian oil fields and if he should decide to use terrific force in an invasion of northern Greece —under such circumstances Hitler might level Salonika to the ground and finally take it. But in that event he would have a ruined port, surrounded by territory which would yield Germany nothing at-all. A series of mountain ranges, crossed by only one twisting and exposed road, would still bar the way into Central Greece. Thermopylae, with its narrow defile walled by titanic granite shoulders, would still block the path to Athens. The Nazis most certainly will have to risk paying a terrific price for any attack upon Greece, most especially if they should undertake an invasion much before April. For the moment, ¥t us suppose that the Germans, heedless and ruthless, should occupy Macedonia, (the Salonika area) or even most of the Greek mainland. Together with the Italians. Whut then? They would have deprived the British of only a

few airfields on the mainland, but the British would still have the Greek islands—and Crete— and their fleet would still rule the Aegean and the Mediterranean. Most of Greece would be nothing but a white elephant for Hitler, and that acquired at very serious cost to his striking strength against the British Isles. In .my opinion, Greece is bad news for Hitler no matter what he decides to do. If he attacks Greece he may lose what many people think is his only chance— if indeed it is that—of crippling

MORGAN CHAIRMAN OF 1942 YEARBOOK

Schools Superintendent DeWitt S. Morgan, who is attending the national convention of the American Association of School Administrators in Atlantic City, N. J., has been named chairman of the association’s 1942 yearbook commission, according to word received here. The announcement was made by Carroll R. Reed, president of the association. Mr. Morgan will be in charge of the 1942 yearbook which will concern “lhe Problems of Youth From 18 to 25.” At his direction, a survey was made of high school graduates of the class of 1930 in Indianapolis recently. Mr. Morgan served as a member of the commission which published the 1941 yearbook, “Education for Family Life” He was author of the. chapter “Schools Can Help Homes.”

WAGE GROUP NAMED

WASHINGTON, Feb. 24 (U. P.). —Wage “Hour Administrator Philip B. Fleming today appointed a 15man committee to investigate conJitieng X and Jecommend a Hin e rubber produc - ang ma

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Britain. If he lets Greece alone, ' he risks constant exposure in the Balkans. For Hitler the Greeks are a devil's choice and Greece itself is the devil's boneyard.

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Forced to Play With Fire '

UNDOUBTEDLY, HITLER hopes to shake down the Greeks by piling up his divisions on the Bulgarian frontier. He wants to force Greece to accept a peace which will save Mussolini's face (what's left of it, that is), and the Turkish-Bulgarian nonagression agreement may aid the Fuehrer to this end. But the Greeks can scarcely be expected to hand back to Musso= lini on a platter everything they have taken from him, at great cost, in Albania. It must also be remembered that it would be counter to all British interests to abandon the Greeks or let them be coerced into capitulation, provided Britain has anything like sufficient means to help hold a Greek-Albanian foothold on the European - continent.

When the Greeks resisted, un der seemingly hopeless conditions, they rose to the supreme gran-

deur of the human spirit. They also upset, most seriously, Hitler’s plans for the war. By making a monkey out of Mussolini, they robbed Hitler of his freedom of action, both in western Europe and in the Balkans. It is this fact which may one day prove to have been a turning point in the second world war. For any Nazi intervention in Bulgaria and Greece at this time is primarily a defensive measure. It is imposed by dangers .and necessities, but taken entirely contrary to schedule. All summer and autumn, Nazis have been telling us.in every Balkan capital that Hitler, above everything, wants peace in southeastern Eu rope. War would simply ruin railroad | deliveries of vast quantities of vital minerals, oil and foodstuffs from Rumania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia into Germany. That alone might seriously handicap the Nazis against Britain. Hitler, against his will, has been forced to .play with tire in the Balkans. He lost his lead when Greece upset all calculations and now he is trying to recover it, But playing with fire in the Balkans is a very risky business and it’s not ‘at all likely to contribute to Nazi efforts for an early conquest of the British Isles. Perhaps the Greeks, last November, struck a greater blow for European and world freedom than they themselves imagined at the time. This may be true whether Greece is invaded by Germany or forced into an unwilling peace, or whether Greece and Britain fight on together,

Next: The War in Africa.

smn

TEST YOUR ! KNOWLEDGE

1—The carnation is the birth flower for which month? 2—Which actress made a notable success on the stage in David Belasco’s production, “Lulu Belle”? 3—What bones are used in skull and cross bones? 4—Name the island on which the Statue of Liberty stands. 5—Which is the largest National Cemetery in the United States: 6—Which three of the following names denote thermometer scales: Baume, Centrigrade, Fahrenhait, Reaumiv. Tiwaddell?

Answers

1—January. 2—Lénore Ulric. 3—Thigh” bones. 4—Bedloe’s. 5—Arlington National Ceme 6—Centigrade, Fahrenheit, Reaumur,

~ FEY ASK THE TIMES

Inclose a 3-cent stamp for reply when addressing any question of fact or information to The Indianapolis Times Wash ington Service Bureau, 1013 13th St, N. W. Washington, D. O. Legal and medical advice cannot