Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 31 January 1941 — Page 5
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It’s a Key Metal to seal. 9 U. s. Charges Control of Production and Prices in Nation’ s Longest Trial; Agencies Dispute Plant Capacity.
This is the third in a series of articles on giant trusts and cartels and how they affect the U. 8S. defense effort.
By THOMAS L. STOKES Ny Times Special Writer |
WASHINGTON, Jan. 31.
—Aluminum, as an essential
in airplane production, is a key to national defense. The building of a great air armada, as contemplated by President Roosevelt, depends heavily on a plentiful supply of
this metal.
Aluminum also is| necessary for other adjuncts
of the defense program—in the Arty for field kitchens,
pontoon bridges, ammunition]
carts, ammunition fuses, trucks and signal-corps equipment; in the Navy for bulkheads, interior doors, galleys
and other equipment. A controversy has been brewing for weeks as to whether the alumi-
num capacy is sufficient—whether aluminum is a bottleneck which may slow down the program. Only one source of aluminum ingots for the fabrication of military necessities exists in the United States —the Aluminum Company of America, a Mellon giant which has enjoyed a monopoly in the production of raw
aluminum for 48 years.
Mr. Stokes
Early in March final arguments| will be held in an anti-trust suit)
brought by the Government, winding up the longest trial ever held| in the United States. The trial began June 1, 1938, and testimony was completed last Aug. 14. . In this suit | the Government “ charges the company with violation of the anti-trust laws through ‘control of production and prices as part of an international cartel. Dissolution of the company into small, independent units is sought. The national-defense issue was injected into the closing hours of the trial when Walter L. Rice, Government attorney, charged that be-
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cause of the company’s allegedly monopolistic practices over & period of years there is insufficient aluminum capacity to carry out the airplane | program envisaged by President Roosevelt. Company officials dény that the company will be unable to meet defense requirements.
Disagreement exists between; the Justice Department and the Defense Commission. The latter—
_|through [statements issued by Ed-
ward R. Stettinius Jr., in charge of the comimission’s Industrial Materials Division and formerly chair-| man of the board of United States Steel—has insisted that the Aluminum Company will be able to meet | the demands. Yesterday the Justice Department | indicted | the aluminum company and five other firms, charging a iconspira¢y with German companies | [to restrict domestic production of | magnesitim, another mineral vital to defense.
{Long Capitol Issue The Aluminum giant long has ‘been an issue in Washington. In ithe middle 20s, when the late Andrew W, Mellon was Secretary of
‘the Treasury and a power in the Republican Party, the late Senator
Tom Walsh (D. Mont) conducted inquiry into the Aluminum
Harlan F. Stone, then Attorney Cieneral,] was investigating the case when Fresident Coolidge elevated him to | the Supreme Court, and nothing further came of the matter, The case was revived by the present Administration. It is now a phase of the far-flung and intensive anti-trust campaign directed by Thurman W. Arnold. As for the anti-trust case, it has produced 40,000 pages of testimony and 15,000 pages of exhibits.
NEXT — Bausch & Lomb momoply reveals how international
cartels are set up.
Where Hitler Stands Now—
(Continued from Page One)
many as possible into the false sense of security until he is ready to deal with them {in their turn, When he marched into Austria, Hitled solemnly assured the Czechs that he had no quarrel with them, and some of the | Czechs believed him. When he seized] Czechoslovakia, Hitler solemnly assured the Poles that he had no quarrel with them, and some of the Poles believed him
When he invaded Poland, he solemnly asstred the French and British that he had no quarrel with them, and some Frenchmen and Englishmen belieted him — not enough to prevent the French and British declarations of war, but enough to slow down the war efforts of both nations. Now Hitler—as | lately as his speech yester day—solemnly - assures the United States) that he has no quarrel with America. And, while it is grotesque and almost unbelievable to anyon who has been watching Hitler at work for the past several years, it seems actually to be the case that there are some Americans who believe him even now.
There was one important Nazi factioh that wanted to force the United States into the war at the outset.
Like a good many other Nazis, this
faction thought, and still thinks that America is a soft, fat, spoiled and spineless country; deeply divided on racial, national, class and other issues; demoralized by the depression, confused by Axis propaganda and \utterly unprepared. for war.
Victory in 12 Months
The “War With America Now” faction also believed, like most other Nazis, that Germany would defeat ‘the Allies within 12 months. Amerlica, they argued, would not be able ito make its influerice felt in so short la time. Therefore, they! said, the United States should be forced into the war early in the conflict, because quite possibly it might bog down, completely in its own weakness and confusion and, even if it did not do this, when the Allies were defeated America would be left to face the Reich alone, impotent, frustrated, a prey to internal strife and therefore open to attack. Hitler ove ‘ruled this faction— temporarily. He agreed with its views on America, but he had a better idea for acting on then: He would wait at least until the defeat of the Allies was assured before forcing the issue with America. Then he would see. He might force thi issue then, or he might decide to wat for a better day. Meanwhile, his propaganda would help keep Americen participation in the war at a niinimum, ‘and he would bind Japan closer to the Reich. The lightning defeats of the Allies
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which Hitler expected would in themselves tend to divide and discourage the United States, he calculated. Having begun by thinking that there was no point in helping the Allies because they did not need help, Hitler reasoned, a good many Americans could end by thinking that there was no'point in helping the Allies because it was too late —which is precisely what he wanted them to think and assiduously encouraged them to think. He would have freedom of action to deal with America after he had defeated the Allies, Hitler, calculated. He would be master of Europe and Africa, their manpower and their resources. His Japanese ally would dominate the Far East. He and his coalition would rule the seven seas and would own shipbuilding yards to outbuild the United States indefinitely. His own prestige would be at its zenith, Hitler argued, and so would that of his allies and his system of government. and his way of life. There would be a stampede all over the world to be on the winning side. America woul be left to stand alone. This was the logic which governed Hitler's policy toward : the United States throughout the first ~ 13 months of the war. Then, last October, he reconsidered. For he saw that the war would go into a second winter, which probably meant that it would go into another spring and might last even longer. America still was somewhat divided ‘and confused, Hitler perceived, and war production was still far from formidable. But the United States had achieved an extraordinary degree of national unity in an extraordinarily short time, and its war production would grow with every week that passed.
Many Questions Arise
Could the British hold out, after all, until America could organize its enormous resources and bring effectively to bear in Europe? Was America’s open, formal entry into the war inevitable before Germany could beat Britain? And if the answers to these two questions were “Yes,” then wouldn't it be better to force America into the war now, after all? Might not a forma] state of war between Germany and the United States actually cut down the effectiveness of American participation for several precious months? Wouldn't it be better for the morale of the German people to make them face the issue with America now, before they were too discouraged by the resistance of the British alone?
Or, would it be better to offer the same kind of “peace” that he had offered with such brilliant success at Munich—to be followed by the same kind of further strokes of policy whenever they proved more practical? There are the questions Hitle, asked himself in October. Time alone will tell for sure how he answered them, and Hitler's answers always are subject to change without notice, including his own answers to himself. But the burden of the avaliable evidence seems to show that he answered the questions this way:
British could hold out was the key question. If they could hold out too long, America’s participation in the war could be decisive, with or without a formal declaration of war, and with every day the British continued to hold out, America’s formal entry into the conflict would become more likely.
Kind of Attacks Vital
And the question of how long the British could hold out depended to a great extent, in turn, on the kind of attacks Germany would launch against them.
The thing to do, Hitler seems to have decided, was to make another colossal attempt to break England within the next few months, to launch “all out” attacks from the air, and possibly to try to force a landing on the British Isles, before America’s influence could become effective.
While these new “all out” attacks were being prepared, and at least as long as they seemed to hold out hopes of success, Hitler apparently decided, the American people should continuz to be lulled and soothed by still further apparent evidences of German good will, If and when it should become clear that Germany was about to beat thie British, then Hitler would make ‘up his mind definitely whether to force the United States into the present war or to offer “peace” and “undying friendship” to America for the time being, and put off the showdown with the United States to a later date. But a showdown there will be, The world cannot live half slave and half free. There simply is not room in the world for a Nazi ~Europe and Afriea, a Japanese Pacific. and a free Western Hemisphere, as Hitler himself said in his speech of Dec. 10, and as other leading Nazis repeatedly have said for 20 years. There can be no question that the Nazis will force the issue with the United States. They have said so often enough and openly enough, until the war began and it suited
The question of how long the]
for Showdown
Nazis will go about it and what are their chances of success. Men of unquestioned integrity and patriotism think that America and its way of life would be safe even if Britain should be beaten. If Hitler can’t cross 20 miles of water (the English Channel) and invade England, how can he cross 3000 miles of water and invade the United States, or even threaten its way of life? these men ask. There are several answers to this question: 1—Hitler ‘is crossing 21 miles of water and invading England every night, and if these daily invasions by air have not yet imposed a decision in the war, there is no reason to suppose that, with'the war at sea, they will never be able to do so. Nor are the invasions by air particularly agreeable in themselves, whether they help defeat: England or not. 2—Water always has been ga highway and a thoroughfare since the first boats were built, not a barrier, to anybody with sufficent sea power. German U-boats shelled the Atlantic Seaboard in 1918. 3—While it may be 3000 miles from Europe to the United States it is only 1700 miles from Dakar to Pernambuco, whereas it is 3500 miles from Key West to Pernambuco and it is only 600 miles from the British Isles to Iceland, only 500 miles from Iceland to Greenland and only 1000 miles from Greenland to Labrador. Also, it is less than 5280 feet
A
DRESS TRO
.
SPORT SLACKS J
World Cannot Exist Half Nazi and Half Free, But Hitler Will Choose Time and Place
With America
from Soviet soil to American soil in Bering Strait. 4-—The Nazis can do appalling harm to the United States and its ways of life without openly traversing any of these distances. Hitler is not precisely a fool, as should be sufficiently clear by this time. He.is one of the great—evil— geniuses of modern times. If direct, open military attack is the hardest way to move against America, what reason is. there to suppose that he would choose that way? He already is using the other way —or ways, His spies and agents are at work, not only in the United States, but throughout Latin America. His propaganda has obscured issues and divided and confused councils here. His alilance with Japan helps keep our fleet in the Pacific. Is there any man doing, or about to do, 12 months’ military service, or any family of such a man, who still thinks that Nazi Germany cannot affect America’s way of life? Is there a taxpayer who thinks so? All you have to do, to see how the Third Reich already is attacking America under cover, and if it wins the war will some day do it openly, is to read the back files of the papers and change the names of the places and people. It is as simple as that.
Next—Hitler’s blueprint of disaster—if he wins the war,
J
Included . . . A
“War Moves Today.
{
By J. W. T. MASON ‘United Press War Expert
In raising the question of war mistakes during] :
his speech yesterday, Hitler confessed his own fals libility but did not identify the errors he has made: The most Important ones, however, are sufficiently
conspicuous to seven.
Mr. Mason
be easily specified. They number
The Fuehrer’s first mistake was not to begin his air attacks on Great Britain at the start of the war.
He had an enormous superiority in the air while the British were deficient in first class fighting planes. Great Britain had anticipated ‘the possibility of 250,000 casualties from air bombardment during the opening period of the war and had
prepared 100,000 extra beds for emergency hospital treatment. The Germans waited 10 months, however, before planning their air blitzkrieg; and in that time sufficient British fighters were ready to preYoull, the Nazis getting control of the air, The Fuehrer’s second mistake occurred when the Belgian Army surrendered. A wide open break in the Allies’ fighting front was presented to the Germans but they did not have their reserves ready to take advantage of it. Had they done so the British Army might well have been surrounded, leading to a major disaster. German generals have been specially trained to watch for unexpected breaks in the enemy’s front and follow through, but this gift of the Belgian gap found Hitler unprepared. The Fuehrer’s third mistake took place at Dunkirk when he allowed the British to escape across the Channel. He did not order sufficient planes to the coastal zone to meet the desperate British fighters, nor did his mechanized units act with enough speed. The Fuehrer’s fourth mistake was his failure to take advantage of the
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confusion in Great Britain at the time of the Dunkirk retirement, Germany was not ready to seize
The British coastal defenses were weak and the British Army at ‘home was without adequate weapons. The Fuehrer’s fifth mistake was to designate a specific time when he would be in London dictating peace conditions. The German people ex= pected Hitler to be leading his troops along Picadilly by mid-Aue’ gust, a date which was later changed to mid-September. : The Fuehrer’s sixth mistake was by limiting the terms of the French armistice so that they excluded
German occupation of the French African Empire. At the time of the armistice, Hitler expected a ‘quick, easy victory over Great Britain and he made a show of generosity to France, The Fuehrer’s seventh mistake was in allowing Italy a free hand in Greece and North Africa. He miscalculated the weakness of tha Italian Army and permitted Musso= lini to venture forth on his own
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