Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 23 December 1940 — Page 9

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» DENTAL DECAY * MAY BE HALTED BY GARBAMIDE

* Enzyme Converts Common

- Chemical Into Agent Which

Neutralizes Acid. By JANE STAFFORD

Science Service Writer

CHICAGO, Dec. 93—Carbamide,

common chemical known also as . “urea and produced in the body from

proteins as well as in the laboratory,

- may provide the weapon for even-

.. tual conquest of tooth decay or] ~ dental caries.

It may itself become this weapon and is now being tested

. for its caries-preventing possibilities.

Discovery that carbamide can

' play a role in protecting teeth . + against decay was made by Dr. + Robert M. Stephan, of the University 5 of Illinois College of Dentistry here,

in studies reported in the current

iT issue of Science.

“These studies promise to shed

: new light on the causation and pre-

vention of caries and to furnish a

L new treatment for gingival (gum) + and periodontal diseases,” Dr. Step- ., han declares.

Converted by Enzyme

i ~~

Oarbamide’s tooth-protecting abil- | §

« ity depends on the fact that under £ tHe action of an enzyme called » urease it is converted to ammonium

“ carbonate.

The latter is able to

* neutralize some of the acids which 4 might otherwise produce caries activity,

Rinsing the mouth with a solution

. ». of carbamide (synthetic urea) has

*.. been found to change the condition “ of bacterial material on tooth sur- + faces and in cavities to a more than

¢ normal degree of alkalinity.

« this degree of alkalinity, calcium * phosphate tends to be deposited on 3 the tooth from the saliva instead ." of being dissolved from the tooth. . In other words, the teeth are not * only protected from acids which vw take calcium out of them but are = given additional amounts of tooth- + building calcium, at least on their + surfaces, if not within their struc- * ture.

The enzyme needed to convert

. carbamide to ammonium carbonate

. is contained

in certain bacteria,

- such as Staphylococcus . albus and aureus, which grow on the tooth

v surface

in the bacterial plaque.

~ These plaques also contain bacteria ". which have the power to ferment

starches and sugars to acids which

7 decalcify teeth and thus cause decay.

Becomes Acid Neutralizer Previously it has been thought

". that the saliva neutralized the acid ;, in these plaques by means of its ~. buffers, substances which tend to

u alkalinizing materials.

lessen the effects of acidifying or Now Dr.

i Stephan has discovered that in ad- ¢ dition to the buffers contained in - saliva, its urea is converted by the f. action of certain urease-containing Yr bacteria to the acid-neutralizinz ¥ ammonium carbonate.

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MONDAY, ‘DEC. 23, 1940 .

By FRANK WIDNER Fred Miller, 17-year-old Tech High School student, was interested in microscopy and decided to do something about it so he could get a head start on his chosen life's work—Dbacteriology.

He had heard about an organization called the American Society of Amateur Microscopists, so he us terested two of his friends, . Merrill Underwood and Paul SH and they petitioned the Society for a charter to form a local chapter.

That was. last summer, Today, the Indianapolis Chapter of the A. 8: A. M. has a membership which includes two high school teachers. Builds Own Labbratory Fred had been puttering around in the basement of his home at 940 N. Bancroft St. for three years, examining various forms of plant life. He built a laboratory in one corner and spent.the greater part of his time when he wasn’t in school examining slides and attempting to photograph what he saw through the lens of the microscope. Now, every two weeks, the Indianapolis chapter holds its meetings at Fred's home and compares notes on their studies. Recently, the chapter has invited authorities in various fields to speak. Dr. C. Mervin Palmer, assistant professor of botany at Butler Uni-

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versity, extended the chapter an in-

Fred Miller . . . amateur microscopist. Tech Pupil Is Microscopist; Helped Organize Amateurs

vitation to hold its meetings at the university. Seeks New Members Dr. Palmer spoke at the last meeting the chapter held and told the memhers the practical value that could be gained from such study. He said that microscopists are used in almost every industry to

study various products.

Later on, the chapter hopes to increase its membership by admitting interested high school pupils. Chapter members are Fred Miller, president; George Hardin, vice president; H. Merrill Underwood, secre-tary-treasurer; Miss Mildred Campbell, zoology and botany teacher at Shortridge High School; G. Donald Klopp, science teacher; Robert Malcolm; Arthur Schappell, medical student; Fred Henke, Tech pupil; Paul Klinge, Butler graduate student; John F. Kent, Franklin College student; Leslie Fox; George Thompson, Indiana University Extension student, and Harrison Feltman, Butler student.

ODDS LONG IN DRAFT

BRIDGEPORT, Conn., Dec. 23 (U. P.).—Floyd Harper was assigned number 1570 in the draft registration. During the national lottery, when his number was drawn, he was assigned order number. 1570. A high school mathematician figured the odds were 4487 to 1 the coincidence could happen again.

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US. LOANS AID | FARM FAMILIES BOOST INCOMES

Assistance Also Saves Money for Government, Says Adminisrator.

By RUTH FINNEY Times Special Writer WASHINGTON, Dec. 23.—Needy farm families have been enabled by rehabilitation loans to increase their annual net income 43 per cent, according to the annual report

of the Farm Security Administra- |

tion. A survey of families made last year showed an increase in average | net income from $375, in the year before they sought FSA help, to $538 during the 1939 crop year. en more striking was the amount of money saved by the Federal Government in extending this kind of help. Rehabilitation, counting all losses on loans, the cost of supervision and every other item of expense, costs about $72 a year a family. This is in contrast with $350 a year, the cost of rural work relief for families forced to seek

that sort of help, and $800 a year, |

the cost of city work relief. 856,000 Get Loans During the past five years FSA rehabilitation loans have been made to 856,024 needy farm families to enable them to get a new start and become self-supporting. Each family receiving a loan makes out and agrees to follow a farm management plan which calls for the production at home of most of the family’s food supply. As a result, FSA Administrator Baldwin says, “the annual volume of goods produced for home consumption by the average rehabilitation family has risen from $150 to $247. “The annual amount of milk produced for home consumption has risen from 99 gallons to 448 gallons. Fruit and vegetables canned for home consumption. have increased from 51 quarts to 242 quarts. The annual production of meat for family consumption has risen from 85 pounds to 447 pounds. This has, of course, meant a sharp improvement in health and general living standards.” Fight Poor Health

Mr. Baldwin says poor health is

one of the major handicaps of low- ;

income farm families. So FSA has developed a medicalcare program, in co-operation with state medical associations and local medical societies. At present some 80,000 families are receiving medical care in 634 counties. In addition, FSA helps rehabilitation borrowers improve their water supplies, screen their houses and obtain sanitary toilets.

RUSTLING ATTACKED

TRINIDAD, Colo., Dec. 23 (U. BP). —Modern criminal science is making rustling dangerous out west. Officers took a bullet from a slain calf, seized the gun of a suspect, sent both to a ballistics expert and obtained a confession from the cattle thief.

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Step-by-step instructions with illustration

for preparing

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Smoked Hams

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Lb. 2 9.

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MINCE ME AT Seasoned Just Right—Country Club Bulk 2 Ibs. 27¢c

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CHOCOLATES

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CHOCOLATES 2» 99¢

Thirteen Different Kinds—Special Gift Box

CHOCOLATES 3 ui" $1.25

box De Luxe Hand Dipped—Extra Fancy

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Holiday Cheer—3 Big Layers—10 Delightful Varieties in Gift Box

5-79 : MIXED NUTS Finest nl 1 7 c

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CHERRY CORDIALS ..: 19¢

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ORANGES =

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California Navels—Lge, 200 Size, doz. 23¢

Fresh, Firm, Snow White Crisp, Tender, Well Bleached Michigan Extra Large 48 Size—

CAULIFLOWER CELERY LETTUGE 4 Generous Servings to the Head—Crisp, Solid” Jumbo

CELERY ae 108

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Young, tender, round, stringless

POTATOES 10 ;.; 26¢

Kroger’s selected quality Idahos

Sweet Potatoes , bc

Southern yams, fine for candy-

The Miracle Value Long Twisted and Sliced—You’ll Need Extra for the Holiday

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