Indianapolis Times, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 September 1940 — Page 9

PAGE 9

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THE INDIANAPOLIS TIMES |

[LS Cannot Avoid Pacific Role and Islands [RAID SHELTERS In Far East Seek Aid, Howard Says URGED FOR U. S.

ewe | Just as Important as Any

FRIDAY, SEPT. 27, 1940 .

DEFENSE GROUP ALMOST READY FOR SHOWDOWN

sisting Japasiean 3

Fram thens Dors 6 ¥ a a3siks First:

navy with Git’ Fy River, between 50 and 100 miles |

American Press Faces Big

— Ju ee

Commission, Blocked Often By New Dealers, May Appeal to F. D. R.

By CHARLES T. LUCEY

WASHINGTON, Sept. 27.—The National Defense Advisory Commission, blocked repeatedly in speeding the nation’s rearmament program by the opposition—direct and undercover—of inner New Deal officials, may appeal to President Roosevelt soon! for a showdown. Some of the industrial leaders brought here to put the multi-hil-lion-dollar defense drive in high gear so far have refrained from anything like an open break out of a sense of fairness to the President in time of an election campaign. It is recognized. that to bring public attention to the serious conflicts in the defense program would be damaging to the President. But persistent sniping at. the Commission’s efforts to accelerate and co-ordinate the vast effort to supply planes, tanks, guns and ammunition for the expanded armed forces may force an airing of these conflicts. Attitude Changed

Resignations of some of the outstanding men with the Commission are posible. New Dealers at first seemed to appreciate the fact that a defense commission headed up by such weil known businessmen as Messrs. Knudsen, Stettinius and Budd constituted a valuable political asset for the President. It was a set-up calculated to inspire public confidence that rearmament was in competent hands. In the early months, they went “all out” to co-operate with the industrial leaders, and gave undeniably able assistance. But in more recent weeks a change of attitude is reported—the changing coming about the time the New Dealers began talking about Mr. Roosevelt's re-election being “in the bag.”

Laid to Morgenthau

Already there have been two or three important departuress from the Commission’s staff. If obstructionist tactics persist, it is said, there probably will be other executives, now serving here without pay, who will find it convenient to return to private businesses which, in many cases, they have reluctantly neglected. Chief opposition to the Commission’s program has .come from Treasury Secretary Henry W. Morgenthau Jr, and others close to him. Some Commission members are said to feel that the President should make a clear statement of his policy, for the benefit of the Commission, on the Government's furnishing of planes and munitions to England. Mr. Morgenthau has been a chief advocate of aid for ihe British.

"Task of Telling Harsh Truth.

(Continued from Page One)

are seeking to align their political

and economic future with ours. It is important enough to repeat that this does not imply that Australia, New Zealand or the Netherlands Indies are seeking a haven under the American flag, or that their loyalty to their motherlands is weakening. But these peoples are face to face with the grim realities of the ioophy of force. In their desperation has been born a realization that democratic blood is thicker than totalitarian water.

T is not he” intent of these articles to [suggest a course of American action —badly as a clearly defined one is needed. Enlightened self-interest, however, makes urgent the need for more popular knowledge and more openminded consideration by all ‘Americans of the problems of the Pacific. Far away as we may like to think them, "or as we

might wish them, the fact is in=- ’

escapable -that the proper or improper solution of their problems is certain to affect vitally our own future, especially in a quarter of the globe where our ties and interests are much greater than is popularly supposed. It is most important that Americans recognize early that, instead of insulating us from these problems, the Pacific merely welds them to us. Our future policy in the Pacific must be based upon a hard-boiled approach to today’s and tomorrow’s actualities, rather than upon a superficial consideration of yesterday’s outmoded slogans. Basic to all this must come popular recognition of the fact that, though as a people we have never vet clearly sensed it, the Pacific's problems are. American problems, and to the rest of the Pacific nations, what America does ‘is their biggest problem.

= " 2

DANGEROUS weakness of

American popular opinion of foreign affairs arises from the erroneous presumption that public opinion is formed abroad as it is at home; that it evolves from considerations of a free flow of news and an open discussion of divergent opinions. It is presumed, reasonably enough, that in totalitarian states the great mass of people are as fond of life and of peace as we are, and as much motivated by human kindness. Unforunately, Americans seldom realize that in no other country in the world fis there a press; as completely free as our own, from whose uncensored news dispatches people are able to make up their judgments

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on -the basis of a broad and objective reporting of events, Everywhere else in the world, even in democratic countries now at war, both news presentation and discussion of news facts are rigidly controlled. No news or information is permitted to reach the public except to serve the government’s purpose. . Under totalitarian rule, facts which serve no propaganda purpose are not regarded as news. What Americans do not always appreciate (and what it sometimes seems they will never appreciate until too late) is that, with all its faults, the American press is still free from Government dictation; and that at least it makes an honest and continuous effort to picture world developments from all angles. The controlled press of all totalitarian states holds all such attempts at objectivity in supreme contempt. The function of the press under the. dictatorships is not to help the people to form their own judgments. It is to form judgments for them. = = ® OT unnaturally, the presentaN tion of conflicting news and views in the American press is frequently confusing. It often plagues the reader. Even so, from the flood of facts made available, he is still free, to a

- greater degree than the citizen of

any other nation on earth, to evaluate the day's news as pre=sented, to formulate his own judgments, and make his own decisions. So long as this condition pre=vails, the test of American democracy will be the wisdom with which our people make their decisions, and the effectiveness with which they demand Government action based on those judgments. No on-the-scenes appraisal of what has happened, and what is happening abroad, can justify the statement that any war pending today is “our war.” On the other hand, no such observation of pending events in the Far East can leave any doubt that our future history is to be shaped by the outcome of pending conflicts. To idealize isolation ‘is one thing. To believe that it can be achieved by wishful thinking, or even by running away, is quite another matter. War is no longer a state that can be accepted or rejected as a matter of free choice. Likewise our relationships abroad are not entirely a matter of our own choosing. To some extent they are shaped by forces we cannot control. This being so, a first obligation of citizenship snould be constant study of these forces from whose .impact there seers to be no escape. 8 8 8 TATESMANSHIP and political leadership are neither sacrosanct nor infallible. Both should be supported by tolerance and open-minded consideration by the public of the problems we must face as a united nation. We are entering an era in which our democratic practices are to be put to their most severe test. The burden of proof that democracy can, in a crisis, function as effectively as totalitarianism, is going to be placed squarely up to the United States. Our failure means world failure, because no where else except in the United States are the processes of democracy functioning under the stimulus of those two fundamentals, a free press and free speech. On the American press must devolve a great responsibility. in the months and years inimediately ahead. Objectivity in news reporting and tolerance and logic in editorial arguments, must make their contributions to the information and guidance of a public whose decisions for good or ‘had will leave their impression on the character of our people for generations.

2 8 2

HE American journalist's job for the immediate future is not one calculated to guarantee him pleasure, popularity or profit. To a degree Americans are live ing in a fools’ paradise of false security and smug self-sufficiency. In 4 mad world, debt burdened and bankrupt; with repudiation, disaster and chaos threatening the great nations abroad, no power on earth can save us from paying some part of the penalty for the present-day folly of the human race, which we loosely re=

+ fer to as civilization.

The safeguards, the insurance, the preventative measures ‘that common sense dictates we adopt, are not pleasant. They will involve sacrifices of leisure, of profits, and of personal pleasure. They will necessitate a revival

of thrift and a restoration of re-

spect for the man or woman who turns in an honest day’s work.

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They will demand a truce in class warfare and a re-examination of the possibilities of sincere cooperation between capital and labor in the developmeant of national defense. In a word, we in America today face the same problem that confronted France two years ago. Amrerican journalism faces the task of telling the disagreeable truth to its readers—and proving its case.

It will then remain to be seen whether the American public will

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the befuddling demogogery of radical Fifth Columnists who will contend that all such warnings are capitalistic jargon designed to rob the working people of their hard-won social advances. It was that argument which sold France down the Seine. Meantime, American leadership will do well to keep at least one eye and considerable of its attention on the Far East. It is still the East, but not so far.

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Phase of Defense, Says Senator Thomas. WASHINGTON, Sept. 27 (U. P).

—Senator Elmer Thomas (D., Okla.) believes that if the United States

if |is going to spend billions of dollars

to expand the Army and Navy for national defense it also should provide air raid shelters for civilians. Declaring that he had no fear of immediate air attack on the United States, Mr. Thomas said today that he felt construction of bomb-proof shelters was as important as any other phase of the preparedness program. He disclosed that he has asked the governors of 28 states and the mayors of 17 key defense cities about the number of air raid shelters available or contemplated. Replies already received, he said, indicate that not one bona-fide shelter

i | exists.

Many cities, he said, have subway systems and subterranean base ments which could easily be converted into shelters. The Federal Housing Authority, meantime, announced that its engineers- are studying demonstration air raid shelters with a view to including some kind of aerial bomb protection in low-rent housing projects. They are investigating two types of pill-boxes, one with a parabolic cross section tapering toward the top and the other of a domeshaped design. Senator Thomas is author of |a resolution which would direct military authorities to study all phases of air raid shelter looking toward

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